Mediterranean Samundar
| Mediterranean Sea | |
|---|---|
 Map of the Mediterranean Sea | |
| Jagha |
|
| Coordinates | 35°N 18°E / 35°N 18°E |
| Rakam | Samundar |
| Khaas inflows | Gulf of Cádiz, Sea of Marmara, Nile, Ebro, Rhône, Chelif, Po |
| Primary outflows | Strait of Gibraltar, Dardanelles |
| Basin ke des | Coastal countries:
For other countries, click here. Template:Endflatlist |
| Surface area | 2,500,000 km2 (970,000 sq mi) |
| Average gahiraai | 1,500 m (4,900 ft) |
| Max. gahiraai | 5,109 m (16,762 ft) ±1 m (3 ft) |
| Water volume | 3,750,000 km3 (900,000 cu mi) |
| Residence time | 80–100 years[1] |
| Max. garmii | 28 °C (82 °F) |
| Min. garmii | 12 °C (54 °F) |
| Islands | 3300+ |
| Basti | Cairo, Tel Aviv, Beirut, Tripoli, |
Mediterranean Sea ( لبحر شامي) ek samundar hae jon ki Europe, Africa aur Asia ke biich me hae.
The Mediterranean Sea, Atlantic Ocean ke ek bhaag hae aur iske area 2.5 million km² (965 000 mi²) hae.
Mediterranean Samundar ke siimaa (boundary)
[badlo | source ke badlo]
International Hydrographic Organization, Mediterranean Samundar ke ii rakam define kare hae:[2] West me Strait of Gibraltar se Dardanelles aur Suez Canal east me, Mediterranean Samundar, Europe, Africa, aur Asia ke biich me hae aur iske dui gahira basin me baata gais hae:
- Western Basin:
- West me: Ek line jon Cape Trafalgar (Spain) aur Cape Spartel (Africa) ke jorre hae.
- Northeast me: Italy ke west coast. Strait of Messina me ek line jon Cape Paci (15°42′E) ke north extreme ke, Island of Sicily ke Cape Peloro se jorre hae. Sicily ke north coast
- East me: Ek line jon Cape Lilibeo, Sicily ke western point(37°47′N 12°22′E / 37.783°N 12.367°E), ke Adventure Bank ke Cape Bon (Tunisia) se jorre hae
- Eastern Basin:
- West me: Western Basin ke northeastern aur eastern limit
- Northeast me: Ek line jon Kum Kale (26°11′E) aur Cape Helles ke jorre hae, Dardanelles ke western entrance
- Southeast me: Suez Canal ke entrance
- East me: Lebanon, Syria, Israel, aur Palestine ( Gaza Strip talak) ke coast
Mediterranean Samundar se jurraa aur samundar
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Mediterranean Samundar me 15 "marginal" samundar hae:[3] Ii jaada kar ke chhota chhota samundar, Mediterranean Samundar aur Europe, Asia aur Africa ke mainland ke biich me hae. Iske koi international authority nai hae.
| Number | Sea | Area | Marginal des aur territories | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| km2 | sq mi | |||
| 1 | Libyan Samundar | 350,000 | 140,000 | Libya, Greece, Malta, Italy |
| 2 | Levantine Samundar | 320,000 | 120,000 | Turkey, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, Palestine, Egypt, Greece, Cyprus, Akrotiri & Dhekelia |
| 3 | Tyrrhenian Samundar | 275,000 | 106,000 | Italy, France |
| 4 | Aegean Samundar | 214,000 | 83,000 | Greece, Turkey |
| 5 | Icarian Samundar | (Aegean ke hissa) | Greece | |
| 6 | Myrtoan Samundar | (Aegean ke hissa) | Greece | |
| 7 | Thracian Samundar | (Aegean ke hissa) | Greece, Turkey | |
| 8 | Ionian Samundar | 169,000 | 65,000 | Greece, Albania, Italy |
| 9 | Balearic Samundar | 150,000 | 58,000 | Spain |
| 10 | Adriatic Samundar | 138,000 | 53,000 | Albania, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Italy, Montenegro, Slovenia |
| 11 | Sardinia ke samundar | 120,000 | 46,000 | Italy, Spain |
| 12 | Crete ke samundar | 95,000 | 37,000 (Aegean ke hissa) | Greece[4] |
| 13 | Ligurian Samundar | 80,000 | 31,000 | Italy, France |
| 14 | Alboran Samundar | 53,000 | 20,000 | Spain, Morocco, Algeria, Gibraltar |
| 15 | Marmara ke samundar | 11,500 | 4,400 | Turkey |
| – | Duusra | 500,000 | 190,000 | Isme gulfs, straits, channels aur uu hissa jiske koi khaas samundar ke naam nai hae. |
| Kul jorr | Mediterranean Samundar | 2,500,000 | 970,000 | |
Note 1: International Hydrographic Organization ii sab jagha ke Mediterranean Sea define kare hae, Ii Sardinia ke samundar ke maanataa nai de hae.
Note 2: Thracian Samundar aur Myrtoan Samundar, samundar hae lekin a Aegean Samundar ke hissa hae.
Note 3: Black Sea iske hissa nai hae.
References
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ Pinet, Paul R. (2008). Invitation to Oceanography. 30. Jones & Barlett Learning. 220. ISBN 978-0-7637-5993-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=6TCm8Xy-sLUC&pg=PA220.
- ↑ "Limits of Oceans and Seas, 3rd edition" (PDF). International Hydrographic Organization. 1953. Archived from the original (PDF) on 8 October 2011. Retrieved 28 December 2020.
- ↑ Bai, Yan; He, Xianqiang; Yu, Shujie; Chen, Chen-Tung (2018-02-28). "Changes in the Ecological Environment of the Marginal Seas along the Eurasian Continent from 2003 to 2014" (in en). Sustainability 10 (3): 635. doi:10.3390/su10030635. ISSN 2071-1050.
- ↑ "Sea of Crete | sea, Greece". Britannica. Archived from the original on 26 March 2023. Retrieved 28 November 2022.