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Varungrah

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Varungrah
Neptune, aslii rang me;[1] biich me Great Dark Spot hae.
Discovery[2]
Discovered by
Discovery date23 September 1846
Designations
Pronunciation[3]
Named after
Latin Neptunus, via French
Neptune
AdjectivesNeptunian (/nɛpˈtjuːniən/),
Poseidean[4]
Symbol♆, ⯉
Orbital characteristics[5]
Epoch J2000
Aphelion30.33 AU (4.54 billion km)
Perihelion29.81 AU (4.46 billion km)
30.07 AU (4.50 billion km)
Eccentricity0.008678
367.49 days[7]
5.43 km/s[7]
259.883°
Inclination1.770° to ecliptic
6.43° to Sun's equator
0.74° to invariable plane[8]
131.783°
2042-Sep-04[9]
273.187°
Known satellites16
Physical characteristics
24,622±19 km
Equatorial radius
24,764±15 kmRefers to the
level of 1 bar (100 kPa) atmospheric
pressure 3.883 Earths
Polar radius
24,341±30 km
3.829 Earths
Flattening0.0171±0.0013
7.6183×109 km2
14.94 Earths
Volume6.253×1013 km3[7]
57.74 Earths
Mass1.02409×1026 kg[7]
17.147 Earths
5.15×10−5 Suns
Mean density
1.638 g/cm3[7]
11.15 m/s2 (1.137 g0)
0.23[10] (estimate)
23.5 km/s[7]
0.67125 d
16 h 6 m 36 s[6]
0.6713 day[7]
16 h 6 min 36 s
Equatorial rotation velocity
2.68 km/s[11]
28.32° (to orbit)[7]
North pole right ascension
19h 57m 20s
299.36°[12]
North pole declination
43.46°[12]
Albedo0.290 (bond)
0.442 (geom.)
Surface temp. min mean max
1 bar level 72 K (−201 °C)[7]
0.1 bar (10 kPa) 55 K (−218 °C)[7]
7.67 to 8.00
−6.9[13]
2.2–2.4″[7][14]
Atmosphere[7]
19.7±0.6 km
Composition by volume
  • 80%±3.2% hydrogen
  • 19%±3.2% helium
  • 1.5%±0.5% methane
  • ~0.019% hydrogen deuteride
  • ~0.00015% ethane
  • Icy volatiles:

    Varungrah (pratiik: ♆, Neptune) Saur Mandal me Suraj se duur aathwa grah hae. Ii ek gas giant hae. Agar diameter dekha jaae, tab ii Saur Mandal ke 4th sab se barraa grah hae, mass dekha jaae tab ii 3rd sab se garrhu hae air sab se dense giant grah hae. Ii dunia ke mass ke 17 gunaa hae. Agar Varungrah ke iske parrosi grah, Uranus, se compare karaa jaae tab, Varungrah thorraa chhotaa, lekin aur garrhu aur dense hae. II lagbhag puura gases aur liquids se banaa hae,[15] iske koi achchhaa se defined solid surface nai hae. Varungrah, Suraj ke har 164.8 saal parikrama kare hae aur iske orbital distance 30.1 astronomical units (4.5 billion kilometres; 2.8 billion miles) hae. Iske naam Rome ke samundar ke deota se aais hae aur iske astronomical symbol ♆, hae jon trishul ke represent kare hae.


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    1. ↑ Irwin, Patrick G. J.; Dobinson, Jack; James, Arjuna; Teanby, Nicholas A.; Simon, Amy A.; Fletcher, Leigh N.; Roman, Michael T.; Orton, Glenn S. et al. (23 December 2023). "Modelling the seasonal cycle of Uranus's colour and magnitude, and comparison with Neptune". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 527 (4): 11521–11538. doi:10.1093/mnras/stad3761. https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/527/4/11521/7511973.
    2. ↑ Hamilton, Calvin J. (4 August 2001). "Neptune". Views of the Solar System. Archived from the original on 15 July 2007. Retrieved 13 August 2007.
    3. ↑ Walter, Elizabeth (21 April 2003). "Neptune". Cambridge Advanced Learner's Dictionary (2nd ed.). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-53106-1.
    4. ↑ "Enabling Exploration with Small Radioisotope Power Systems" (PDF). NASA. September 2004. Archived from the original (PDF) on 22 December 2016. Retrieved 26 January 2016.
    5. ↑ Yeomans, Donald K. "HORIZONS Web-Interface for Neptune Barycenter (Major Body=8)". JPL Horizons On-Line Ephemeris System. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 18 July 2014.—Select "Ephemeris Type: Orbital Elements", "Time Span: 2000-01-01 12:00 to 2000-01-02". ("Target Body: Neptune Barycenter" and "Center: Solar System Barycenter (@0)".)
    6. 1 2 Seligman, Courtney. "Rotation Period and Day Length". Archived from the original on 28 July 2011. Retrieved 13 August 2009.
    7. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 Williams, David R. (1 September 2004). "Neptune Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on 1 July 2010. Retrieved 14 August 2007.
    8. ↑ Souami, D.; Souchay, J. (July 2012). "The solar system's invariable plane". Astronomy & Astrophysics 543: 11. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201219011. A133.
    9. ↑ "HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for September 2042 Perihelion". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov (Perihelion for Neptune's planet-center (899) occurs on 2042-Sep-04 at 29.80647406au during a rdot flip from negative to positive). NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
    10. ↑ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0-521-85371-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
    11. ↑ Kennett, Carolyn (2022). Uranus and Neptune. Reaktion Books. p. 185. ISBN 978-1-78914-642-4.
    12. 1 2 Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
    13. ↑ "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
    14. ↑ Espenak, Fred (20 July 2005). "Twelve Year Planetary Ephemeris: 1995–2006". NASA. Archived from the original on 5 December 2012. Retrieved 1 March 2008.
    15. ↑ "Neptune". NASA Science. 10 November 2017. Retrieved 19 July 2024.
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