Budhgrah

Budhgrah
	Budhgrah, sahii rang me, jiske MESSENGER; spacecraft 2008 me utaris hae
Designations
Adjectives	Mercurian /mərˈkjʊəriən/,; Mercurial /mərˈkjʊəriəl/
Symbol
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	0.466697 AU (69.82 million km)
Perihelion	0.307499 AU (46.00 million km)
Semi-major axis	0.387098 AU (57.91 million km)
Eccentricity	0.205630
Orbital period (sidereal)	87.9691 d; 0.240846 yr; 0.5 Mercury synodic days;
Orbital period (synodic)	115.88 d
Average orbital speed	47.36 km/s
Mean anomaly	174.796°
Inclination	7.005° to ecliptic; 3.38° to Sun's equator; 6.35° to invariable plane;
Longitude of ascending node	48.331°
Argument of perihelion	29.124°
Satellites	None
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	2,439.7±1.0 km; 0.3829 Earths;
Flattening	0.0009
Surface area	7.48×107 km2; 0.147 Earths;
Volume	6.083×1010 km3; 0.056 Earths;
Mass	3.3011×1023 kg; 0.055 Earths;
Mean density	5.427 g/cm3
Surface gravity	3.7 m/s2 (0.38 g0)
Moment of inertia factor	0.346±0.014
Escape velocity	4.25 km/s
Synodic rotation period	176 d
Sidereal rotation period	58.646 d; 1407.5 h;
Equatorial rotation velocity	3.026 m/s
Axial tilt	2.04Template:Prime ± 0.08; (to orbit); (0.034°)
North pole right ascension	18h 44m 2s; 281.01° ;
North pole declination	61.41°
Albedo	0.088 (Bond); 0.142 (geom.);
Temperature	437 K (164 °C); (blackbody temperature)
Apparent magnitude	−2.48 to +7.25
Absolute magnitude (H)	−0.4
Angular diameter	4.5–13Template:Pprime
Atmosphere
Surface pressure	trace (≲ 0.5 nPa)
Composition by volume	atomic oxygen; sodium; magnesium; atomic hydrogen; potassium; calcium; helium; Trace amounts of iron, aluminium,; argon, dinitrogen, dioxygen,; carbon dioxide, water vapor,; xenon, krypton, aur neon;

Budhgrah (pratiik: ; Mercury) uu planet hae jon Suraj ke sab se nachdik hae aur Saur mandal (Solar system) me sab se chhota hae. Ii planet jab dunia se dekha jaae hae tab ii bahut chatak dekhae hae, lekin jaada kar ke ii suraj ke bahut nachdik rahe hae aur dekhae nai hae.

Ii grah patthar ke banaa hae aur isme khaali kuchh atmosphere hae.Jab ki ii saur mandal ke sab se chhotaa grah hae, iske surface gravity Mars ke gravity se thorraa jaada hae. Budhgrah ke surface of Mercury dunia ke chandarma ke rakam hae, jisme dher cratar hae. Iske sab se barraa crater, Caloris Planitia, ke diameter 1,550 km (960 mi) hae, jon grah ke diameter ke one-third the diameter, (4,880 km or 3,030 mi) ke one-third hae.

Budhgrah ke saal 88 dunia ke saal ke baraabar hae aur iske din dunia ke 58.65 din ke baraabar hae. Jiske matlab hae ki Budhgrah ke ek solar din lagbahg 176 dunia ke din ke baraabar hae. Iske matlab ii bhi hae ki Budhgrah ke ek bagal me 88 din talak din rahe hae aur fir 88 din talak raat rahe hae. Budhgrah me ek magnetic field bhi hae jisse uu solar wind ke deflect kare hae. Hian ke temperature bahut uppar-niche jaawe hae aur equator ke ilaaka me raat me −170 °C (−270 °F) aur din me 420 °C (790 °F) rahe hae. Iske azial tilt bahut kamtii hae jisse planet ke poles me sab time chhaain rahe hae aur ii biswas karaa jaae hae ki hian pe ice hoe sake hae.

Saur mandal ke aur grah ke rakam, Budhgrahlagbhag 4.5 billion saal pahile banaa rahaa. Iske mantle puura baraabar hae, jiske kaaran ii socha jaae hae ki Budhgrah ke uppar ek magma ke samundar rahaa. Abhi ke vigyanik ke anusaar, Budhgrah ke ek solid silicate crust hae, ek mantle hae jiske niche outer core hae, aur iske niche ek liquid ke core hae aur sab se bhittar ek solid core hae.

Budhgrah ke puraana jamaana se dekha jaae hae aur ii bhi samjhaa jaawat rahaa ki ii aur duusra taara ke rakam nai hae. Iske naam puraana Rome ke deotaa, Mercury se aais hae. Mariner 10 pahila spacecraft rahaa jon Budhgrah ke bagal se urr ke 1974 me gais rahaa.

Physical characteristics

Budhgrah saur mandal ke chaar terrestrial planet e se ek hae, jiske matlab hae ki ii patthar ke banaa hae, jaise dunia. Ii saur mandal ke sab se chhotaa grah hae aur iske equatorial radius 2,439.7 kilometres (1,516.0 mi) hae.^[3] Mercury ke radius, Jupiter ke chaand, Ganymede aur Sanigrah ke chaand, Titan se chhotaa. Mercury lagbhag 70% metallic aur 30% silicate material se banaa hae.

Duusra panna

Planet ke suchi

Duusra websites

SolarViews.Com

References

↑ "Mercurian". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020.
↑ "Mercurial". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Williams, David R. (November 25, 2020). "Mercury Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2021.
↑ "ESO". ESO. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2021.
↑ ^5.0 ^5.1 Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3). doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
↑ "Atmospheres and Planetary Temperatures". American Chemical Society. July 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Paige, David A.; Wood, Stephen E. (February 19, 1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits". Icarus 141 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175. ISSN 0019-1035. Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole. http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf. Retrieved February 18, 2012.
↑ "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.
↑ Milillo, A.; Wurz, P.; Orsini, S.; Delcourt, D.; Kallio, E.; Killen, R. M.; Lammer, H.; Massetti, S. et al. (April 2005). "Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury". Space Science Reviews 117 (3–4): 397–443. doi:10.1007/s11214-005-3593-z.
↑ Berezhnoy, Alexey A. (January 2018). "Chemistry of impact events on Mercury". Icarus 300: 210–222. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.034.

[1] "Mercurian". Lexico UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on March 27, 2020.

[2] "Mercurial". Lexico UK English Dictionary UK English Dictionary. Oxford University Press. Archived from the original on December 22, 2019.

[fact-3] 3.0 ^3.1 ^3.2 ^3.3 ^3.4 ^3.5 ^3.6 ^3.7 ^3.8 Williams, David R. (November 25, 2020). "Mercury Fact Sheet". NASA. Archived from the original on April 3, 2019. Retrieved April 19, 2021.

[ESO-4] "ESO". ESO. Archived from the original on December 4, 2008. Retrieved June 3, 2021.

[iau2015-5] 5.0 ^5.1 Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3). doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.

[American_Chemical_Society_2013-6] "Atmospheres and Planetary Temperatures". American Chemical Society. July 18, 2013. Archived from the original on January 27, 2023. Retrieved January 3, 2023.

[vasa-7] 7.0 ^7.1 Vasavada, Ashwin R.; Paige, David A.; Wood, Stephen E. (February 19, 1999). "Near-Surface Temperatures on Mercury and the Moon and the Stability of Polar Ice Deposits". Icarus 141 (2): 179–193. doi:10.1006/icar.1999.6175. ISSN 0019-1035. Figure 3 with the "TWO model"; Figure 5 for pole. http://www.gps.caltech.edu/classes/ge151/references/vasavada_et_al_1999.pdf. Retrieved February 18, 2012.

[IMCCE-8] "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on July 24, 2023. Retrieved May 29, 2023.

[Milillo_et_al_2005-9] Milillo, A.; Wurz, P.; Orsini, S.; Delcourt, D.; Kallio, E.; Killen, R. M.; Lammer, H.; Massetti, S. et al. (April 2005). "Surface-Exosphere-Magnetosphere System Of Mercury". Space Science Reviews 117 (3–4): 397–443. doi:10.1007/s11214-005-3593-z.

[Berezhnoy2018-10] Berezhnoy, Alexey A. (January 2018). "Chemistry of impact events on Mercury". Icarus 300: 210–222. doi:10.1016/j.icarus.2017.08.034.

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v • d • e Saur mandal (Solar System)

Suraj • Heliosphere	Grah (Planets) ☾ = Chaand ∅ = rings		Budhgrah (Mercury)	Sukhgrah (Venus)	Dunia (Earth) ☾	Mangalgrah (Mars) ☾

			Brahaspati (Jupiter) ☾ ∅	Sanigrah (Saturn) ☾ ∅	Arungrah (Uranus) ☾ ∅	Varungrah (Neptune) ☾ ∅

	Bauna grah (Dwarf planet)		Ceres	Pluto ☾	Haumea ☾	Makemake

			Eris ☾

	Small Solar System bodies	Chhota tara (Asteroid) (minor planets)	Groups and families: Vulcanoids · Near-Earth asteroids · Asteroid belt Jupiter Trojans · Centaurs · Neptune Trojans · Asteroid moons · Meteoroids · Pallas · Juno · Vesta · Hygiea ·
		Chhota tara (Asteroid) (minor planets)	See also the list of asteroids.

		Trans- Neptunians	Kuiper belt – Plutinos: Orcus · Ixion – Cubewanos: Varuna · Quaoar · Huya
		Trans- Neptunians	Scattered disc: Sedna

		Jhaarru	Lists of periodic and non-periodic comets Damocloids · Hills baadal · Oort baadal
See also the list of solar system objects