Arungrah

Arungrah
	Uranus, sachchaa rang me, jiske Voyager 2 utaaris rahaa. Iske pale,; muted appearance ke kaaran hae iske baadal ke uppar ke haze.
Discovery
Discovered by	William Herschel
Designations
Named after	the Latin form Ūranus of the Greek god; Οὐρανός Ouranos
Symbol	,
Orbital characteristics
	Epoch J2000
Aphelion	20.0965 AU (3.00639 billion km)
Perihelion	18.2861 AU (2.73556 billion km)
Semi-major axis	19.19126 AU (2.870972 billion km)
Eccentricity	0.04717
Orbital period (sidereal)	84.0205 yr; 30,688.5 d; 42,718 Uranian solar days;
Orbital period (synodic)	369.66 days
Average orbital speed	6.80 km/s
Mean anomaly	142.238600°
Inclination	0.773° to ecliptic; 6.48° to Sun's equator; 0.99° to invariable plane;
Longitude of ascending node	74.006°
Time of perihelion	17–19 August 2050
Argument of perihelion	96.998857°
Known satellites	28
Physical characteristics
Mean radius	25,362±7 km
Equatorial radius	25,559±4 km; 4.007 Earths
Polar radius	24,973±20 km; 3.929 Earths
Flattening	0.0229±0.0008
Circumference	159,354.1 km
Surface area	8.1156×109 km2 ; 15.91 Earths
Volume	6.833×1013 km3; 63.086 Earths
Mass	(8.6810±0.0013)×1025 kg ; 14.536 Earths ; GM=5,793,939±13 km3/s2
Mean density	1.27 g/cm3
Surface gravity	8.69 m/s2 (0.886 g0) (estimate)
Escape velocity	21.3 km/s
Synodic rotation period	−0.718649 d; −17h 14m 51s; (retrograde)
Sidereal rotation period	−0.718661 d; −17h 14m 52.310s ± 0.036s; (retrograde)
Equatorial rotation velocity	2.59 km/s
Axial tilt	82.23° (to orbit, retrograde). ; 97.77°(prograde, right-hand rule)
North pole right ascension	17h 9m 15s; 257.311°
North pole declination	−15.175°
Albedo	0.300 (Bond); 0.488 (geom.)
Apparent magnitude	5.38 to 6.03
Absolute magnitude (H)	−7.2
Angular diameter	3.3″ to 4.1″
Atmosphere
Scale height	27.7 km
Composition by volume	Below 1.3 bar (130 kPa): 83 ± 3% hydrogen; 15 ± 3% helium; 2.3% methane; 0.009% (0.007–0.015%) hydrogen deuteride; hydrogen sulfide (trace amount); Icy volatiles: ammonia; water ice; ammonium hydrosulfide; methane hydrate;

Arungrah (pratiik: , Uranus), Saur Mandal me suraj se duur 7th planet hae. Ii gaseous cyan-rang ke gas giant hae. Ii grah ke jaada hissa paani, ammonia, aur methane se banaa hae, jon supercritical phase of matter me hae, jiske taara vigyan "ice" nai to volatiles bole hae. Ii grah ke atmosphere complex layered baadal ke structure hae aur iske lowest minimum temperature (49 K (−224 °C; −371 °F)) saur mandal ke grah me se sab se kamti hae. Iske 82.23° ke axial tilt hae aur ii har 17 hours and 14 minutes me ek dafe rotate hoe hae. Iske matlab hae ki 84-Earth-year ke orbital period me Suraj ke parikarma karte, iske 42 saal ke continuous ghaam, aur iske baad by 42 saal of continuous andhera mile hae.

Saur mandal ke grah me se Arungrah ke diameter 3rd sab se barraa hae aur mass 4th sab se barraa hae. Volatile layer ke bittar ek patthar ke core hae, aur iske around ek hydrogen aur helium ke atmosphere hae. Thorraa hydrocarbon, carbon monoxide aur carbon dioxide ke upper atmosphere me paawa gais hae. Arungrah me dher unexplained mausam ke phenomena hae, jaise ki iske sab se jaada hawaa ke gati 900 km/h (560 mph), polar cap me badlao, aur iske erratic cloud formation. Ii grah ke internal heat bahit kamtii hae agar iske duusra giant planets se compare karaa jaae tab, aur ii kaise hoe hae clear nai hae.

Duusra giant planets ke rakam, Arungrah ke lage rings hae, ek magnetosphere hae, aur dher natural satellites hae. Ii bahut dark ring system khaali 2% incoming light ke reflect kare hae. Arungrah ke 28 natural satellites me 18 jaana jaae waala chandarma hae, jisme se 13 chhota-chhota inner moon hae. Aur jaada duur pe aur barraa paanch major moons hae: Miranda, Ariel, Umbriel, Titania, aur Oberon. Arungrah se aur jaada duur me 10 jaana jaae waala irregular moons hae. Ii grah ke magnetosphere ekdam asymmetric hae aur isme charged particles hae, jiske kaaran iske rings aur chandarma dark rahe hae.

Arungrah ke bina durbiin ke dekha jaae sake hae, lekin ii bahut dim hae aur iske khaali 1781 me ek grah ke classify karaa gais rahaa, jab iske pahila dafe William Herschell dekhis rahaa. Iske paae jaae ke 70 saal baad, ii maana gais rahaa ki iske namm Greek deotaa, Uranus ke naam dewa jaae. 2025 talak iske khaali ek dafe Voyager 2 visit karis rahaa jab uu iske bagal se urris rahaa.^[6] Aaj-kal iske achchhaa se telescope se dekha jaae sake hae. Ii grah ke bagal se fir se urre ke plan karaa jaae hae.^[7]

↑ Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms Archived 7 Saptambar 2021 at the Wayback Machine IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from Astronomical Algorithms. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory
↑ "HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov (Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive). NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.
↑ de Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0521853712. https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250. Retrieved 17 August 2016.
↑ ^4.0 ^4.1 Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.
↑ "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
↑ "Exploration | Uranus". NASA Solar System Exploration. 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020. Jan. 24, 1986: NASA's Voyager 2 made the first - and so far the only - visit to Uranus.
↑ "China's plans for outer Solar System exploration", The Planetary Society, 21 December 2023. (in en)

[1] Jean Meeus, Astronomical Algorithms (Richmond, Virginia: Willmann-Bell, 1998) p271. Bretagnon's complete VSOP87 model. It gives the 17th @ 18.283075301au. http://vo.imcce.fr/webservices/miriade/?forms Archived 7 Saptambar 2021 at the Wayback Machine IMCCE Observatoire de Paris / CNRS Calculated for a series of dates, five or ten days apart, in August 2050, using an interpolation formula from Astronomical Algorithms. Perihelion came very early on the 17th. INPOP planetary theory

[horizons-perihelion-2] "HORIZONS Planet-center Batch call for August 2050 Perihelion". ssd.jpl.nasa.gov (Perihelion for Uranus planet-center (799) occurs on 2050-Aug-19 at 18.28307512au during a rdot flip from negative to positive). NASA/JPL. Archived from the original on 7 September 2021. Retrieved 7 September 2021.

[PS15-3] Pater, Imke; Lissauer, Jack J. (2015). Planetary Sciences (2nd updated ed.). New York: Cambridge University Press. p. 250. ISBN 978-0521853712. https://books.google.com/books?id=stFpBgAAQBAJ&pg=PA250. Retrieved 17 August 2016.

[iau2015-4] 4.0 ^4.1 Archinal, B. A.; Acton, C. H.; A'Hearn, M. F.; Conrad, A.; Consolmagno, G. J.; Duxbury, T.; Hestroffer, D.; Hilton, J. L. et al. (2018). "Report of the IAU Working Group on Cartographic Coordinates and Rotational Elements: 2015" (in en). Celestial Mechanics and Dynamical Astronomy 130 (3): 22. doi:10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5. ISSN 0923-2958. http://link.springer.com/10.1007/s10569-017-9805-5.

[IMCCE-5] "Encyclopedia - the brightest bodies". IMCCE. Archived from the original on 24 July 2023. Retrieved 29 May 2023.

[6] "Exploration | Uranus". NASA Solar System Exploration. 10 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 August 2020. Retrieved 8 February 2020. Jan. 24, 1986: NASA's Voyager 2 made the first - and so far the only - visit to Uranus.

[TianwenPlSoc-7] "China's plans for outer Solar System exploration", The Planetary Society, 21 December 2023. (in en)

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v • d • e Saur mandal (Solar System)

Suraj • Heliosphere	Grah (Planets) ☾ = Chaand ∅ = rings		Budhgrah (Mercury)	Sukhgrah (Venus)	Dunia (Earth) ☾	Mangalgrah (Mars) ☾

			Brahaspati (Jupiter) ☾ ∅	Sanigrah (Saturn) ☾ ∅	Arungrah (Uranus) ☾ ∅	Varungrah (Neptune) ☾ ∅

	Bauna grah (Dwarf planet)		Ceres	Pluto ☾	Haumea ☾	Makemake

			Eris ☾

	Small Solar System bodies	Chhota tara (Asteroid) (minor planets)	Groups and families: Vulcanoids · Near-Earth asteroids · Asteroid belt Jupiter Trojans · Centaurs · Neptune Trojans · Asteroid moons · Meteoroids · Pallas · Juno · Vesta · Hygiea ·
		Chhota tara (Asteroid) (minor planets)	See also the list of asteroids.

		Trans- Neptunians	Kuiper belt – Plutinos: Orcus · Ixion – Cubewanos: Varuna · Quaoar · Huya
		Trans- Neptunians	Scattered disc: Sedna

		Jhaarru	Lists of periodic and non-periodic comets Damocloids · Hills baadal · Oort baadal
See also the list of solar system objects