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Rabindranath Tagore

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Rabindranath Tagore

FRAS
Janam7 May 1861
Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Bengal Presidency, India
Maut7 August 1941 (aged 80)
Jorasanko Thakur Bari, Bengal Presidency, India
Anya NaamBhanusimha
Kaams
  • Poet
  • novelist
  • playwright
  • essayist
  • composer
  • painter
  • philosopher
  • social reformer
  • educationist
  • linguist
  • grammarian
JamaanaBengal Renaissance
Notable work
MovementContextual Modernism
Jivan SaathiMrinalini Devi (m. 1883; d. 1902)
Larrkan5, including Rathindranath Tagore
SambandhiTagore family
InaamTemplate:Awards
Rabindranath Tagore's voice
Rabindranath Tagore singing Tabu Mone Rekho
Recorded c. 1930–40
Signature
Close-up on a Bengali word handwritten with angular, jaunty letters.

Rabindranath Tagore (Bengali: রবীন্দ্রনাথ ঠাকুর; 7 May 1861 - 7 August 1941) tha jab India divided nahi tha. Unka naam pahile Robindronath Thakur thaa. Veh philosopher aur artist rahaa lekindher book aur drama likhis rahaa. Unhone music aur gaana ko bhi compose kara tha. Unke writings ke influence Bengali culture me 19th century aur early 20th century me jaada rahaa. 1913 mein unko Nobel Prize for literature mila. Veh Asia ke pehle insaan the Jinhe Nobel prize mila tha . Uske admiii log, Gurudev bolat rahin.

Tagore ke janam Kolkata me bhais rahaa. Uu jab khaali aath saal ke rahaa tab uu aapan pahila kavita likhis rahaa. Uu pahila barraa kavita 1877 me publish karis rahaa. Uu pahila short story aur dramas likis jab uu khaali 16 saal ke rahaa.

Tagore ke likha gais chiij me rahaa Gitanjali (Song Offerings), Gora (Fair-Faced), Ghare-Baire,Chokher bali","Jogajog","Noukadubi","Chitrangada","Dakghar","Roktokorobi" adi.

Tagore Jana Gana Mana, India ke national anthem, ke likhis rahaa.[1][2][3] [4][5][6][7][8] Uu Amar Shonar Bangla, Bangladesh ke national anthem, ke bhi likhis rahaa.[9]

Inke upanyas Nastanirh par Charulata naam se ek fil ban chuki hae.[10]

Palwaar

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Tagore naam Thakur ke is anglicised transliteration hae.[11] Tagore palwaar ke pahile waala naam Kushari rahaa. Uulog Pirali Brahmin ('Pirali' itihaas me ek stigmatised aur pejorative connotation rahaa; ek insult jon Piralis ke outrice kar diis rahaa[12] from other Brahmin sub-castes)[13][14] rahin, jon suruu me ek gaon jiske naam Kush rahaa, ke rahin, West Bengal ke Bardhaman district ke. Rabindranath Tagore ke janam kahani likhe waala, Prabhat Kumar Mukhopadhyaya ii book ke pahila volume me likhis hae Rabindrajibani O Rabindra Sahitya Prabeshak ki

quoteKusharis log Deen Kushari ke descendent rahin, jon Bhatta Narayana ke larrka rahaa; Deen ke ek gaon jiske naam Kush rahaa ( Burdwan zilla me) Maharaja Kshitisura se dewa gais rahaa, jiske uu chief banaa aur uske Kushari bola jaawat rahaa.[15]

Jindagi aur ghatna

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Bachpan ke din: 1861–1878

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Tagore (nicknamed "Rabi"), 13 jinda larrkan me se sab se chhotaa rahaa, aur uske janam 7 May 1861 me Jorasanko mansion, Calcutta me,[16] jon Debendranath Tagore (1817–1905) aur Sarada Devi (1830–1875) ke larrka rahaa.

Black-and-white photograph of a finely dressed man and woman: the man, smiling, stands with the hand on the hip and elbow turned outward with a shawl draped over his shoulders and in Bengali formal wear. In front of him, the woman, seated, is in an elaborate dress and shawl; she leans against a carved table supporting a vase and flowing leaves.
Tagore aur uske aurat Mrinalini Devi, 1883 me

Tagore ke jaada kar ke naukar log paale rahin; uske maiyaa mar gais rahaa jab uu chhotaa rahaa aur uske pitaji jaada kar ke travel karat rahaa.[17] Tagore palwaar Bengal renaissance ke agwaii karis rahaa. Uulog literary magazines ke publish karis rahaa; Bengali aur Western classical music ke recitals regularly karaa jaawat rahaa. Tagore ke pitaji dher professional Dhrupad musicians ke balae ke aapan ghar me rakkhis rahaa jisse ki uulog Indian classical music larrkan ke parrhae sake.[18] Tagore ke sab se barraa bhbaiyaa Dwijendranath ek philosopher aur kavi rahaa. Ek aur bhaiyaa, Satyendranath, pahila Hindustani rahaa jiske elite aur pahiley all-European Indian Civil Service me appoint karaa gais rahaa. Ek aur bhaiyaa, Jyotirindranath, ek musician, composer, aur playwright rahaa.[19] Uske bahini, Swarnakumari ek lekhak ban gais rahaa.[20] Jyotirindranath ke aurat Kadambari Devi, jon Tagore se thorraa barriii rahii, uske khaas dost aur powerful influence rahii. Use atm-hatya 1884 me, Tagore ke saadi ke kuchh din baad , se uu dher saal talak dukhi rahaa.[21]

Tagore jaada kar ke classroom parrhai se duur rahaa aur ghar bhar me ghumat rahaa aur bagal ke Bolpur aur Panihati bhbi, jahaan uske palwaar ghume jaawat rahaa.[22][23] Uske bhaiyaa Hemendranath uske parrhais aur exercise bhi karais rahaa , Ganges me pahurrae ke, nai to pahaarr me trek kar ke, gymnastics kar ke, aur judo aur kusti kar ke. Uu drawing, anatomy, geography aur history, literature, mathematics, Sanskrit, aur English—uske sab se kamti favourite subject bhi parrhis rahaa.[24] Tagore formal education se nafrat karat rahaa—his scholarly travails at the local Presidency College spanned a single day. Dher saal baad uu batais ki achchhaa parrhai koi chij ke samjhae nai hae lekin curiosity ke barrhae hae.[25]

References

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  1. ↑ National Anthem - Know India. Nation Portal of India. Government of India.
  2. ↑ Bhatt, P.C., ed. (1999). Constituent Assembly Debates. XII. Lok Sabha Secretariat.
  3. ↑ Volume XII. Tuesday, the 24th January 1950. Online Transcript, Constituent Assembly Debates
  4. ↑ Ganpuley's Memoirs.1983. Bharatiya Vidya Bhavan.p204
  5. ↑ Rajendra Rajan (May 4 2002). "A tribute to the legendary composer of National Anthem". The Tribune. Check date values in: |date= (help)
  6. ↑ "Controversy over Jana Gana Mana takes a new turn" (HTML). Rediff. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  7. ↑ "Who composed the score for Jana Gana Mana? Gurudev or the Gorkha?" (HTML). Rediff. Retrieved 2008-06-08.
  8. ↑ www.lehigh.edu/~amsp/2004/09/national-anthem-throwdown-jana-gana.html
  9. ↑ "Archive copy". Archived from the original on 2009-12-11. Retrieved 2009-07-29.CS1 maint: archived copy as title (link)
  10. ↑ Robinson, Arthur. Satyajit Ray: The Inner Eye. Los Angeles: University of California Press. 1989. ISBN 0-520-06905-6. pp. 159.
  11. ↑ Nasrin, Mithun B.; Wurff, W. A. M. Van Der (2015). Colloquial Bengali. Routledge. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-317-30613-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=3blgCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA1.
  12. ↑ "Tagore and Caste: From Brahmacharyasram to Swadeshi Movement (1901–07)". Sahapedia (in English). Retrieved 2025-10-15.
  13. ↑ Ahmad, Zarin (2018-06-14). Delhi's Meatscapes: Muslim Butchers in a Transforming Mega-City. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-909538-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=jurkDwAAQBAJ&dq=rabindranath+tagore+pirali+brahmin&pg=PT16.
  14. ↑ Fraser, Bashabi (2019-09-15). Rabindranath Tagore. Reaktion Books. ISBN 978-1-78914-178-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=W3uhDwAAQBAJ&dq=rabindranath+tagore+pirali+brahmin&pg=PT22.
  15. ↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named tagore1
  16. ↑ "Rabindranath Tagore – Facts". Nobel Foundation. Archived from the original on 11 June 2017. Retrieved 14 June 2017.
  17. ↑ Thompson 1926, p. 20.
  18. ↑ Som 2010, p. 16.
  19. ↑ Tagore 1997b, p. 10.
  20. ↑ Sree, S. Prasanna (2003). Woman in the novels of Shashi Deshpande : a study (1st ed.). New Delhi: Sarup & Sons. p. 13. ISBN 81-7625-381-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=-bXCWuy8ccMC. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  21. ↑ Paul, S. K. (1 January 2006). The Complete Poems of Rabindranath Tagore's Gitanjali: Texts and Critical Evaluation. Sarup & Sons. p. 2. ISBN 978-81-7625-660-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=IproIa_rIv8C. Retrieved 12 April 2016.
  22. ↑ Thompson 1926, pp. 21–24.
  23. ↑ Das 2009.
  24. ↑ Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 48–49.
  25. ↑ Dutta & Robinson 1995, pp. 50.
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