Abu Nuwas

Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami
Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami
	;
Janam	750; Persia
Maut	810;
Pen name	Abū-Nuwās
Kaam	Poet
Nationality	Persian

Abu-Nuwas al-Hasan ben Hani al-Hakami (750–810), nai to Abū-Nuwās, ek Arbii bhasa ke kavi rahaa.^[1] Uu Persia me paida bhais rahaa. Uu The Book of One Thousand and One Nights likhis rahaa.

Jawaani ke din aur kaam

Abu Nuwas ke ke baap ek Arbii rahaa jon ki Marwan II ke army me ek sipahi rahaa. Uske Farsi maiya ek weaver rahii. Uske janam Basra, nai to Damascus, me bhais rahaa. Jab Abu Nuwas chhota rahaa tab uske ek Basra ke dukandaar ke bech dewa gais rahaa. Barraa hoe ke uu Baghdad gais jahan pe uu apan kavita ke khatir mashur bhais.

Exile and imprisonment

Abu Nuwas ke uu time Egypt bhaage ke parra jab ki uu ek mashuur Persian political palwaar Barmakis, jiske caliph Harun al-Rashid maar diis rahaa, ke baare me likhis. 1809 me uu Baghdad lautis jab Harun al-Rashid mar gais. Iske baad uu Muhammad al-Amin, Harun al-Rashid ke larrka ke khatir kavita likhe lagis. Nawas ke uu time ke sab se achchhaa kavi maana jaawat rahaa. Baad me Amin ke uske bhaeya overthrow kar diis aur Nawas ke uske liberal kaam ke khatir jahel kar dewa gais.

Paramparaa

Prabhao

Abu Nuwas kuchh lekhak me se ek hae jiske literary form of the mu‘ammā (literally "blinded" or "obscured") ke banae ke credit dewa jaawe hae, a paheli jiske solve kare ke khaatir "by combining the constituent letters of the word or name to be found" ke kaam me laawa jaawe hae.^[2]^[3] Uu dui Arabic genres ke aur achchhaa karis rahaa: Khamriyya (wine poetry) aur Tardiyya (hunting poetry). Ibn Quzman, jon Al-Andalus me 12th century me likhat rahaa, uske bahut taarif karat rahaa aur usse compare karaa gais hae.^[4]^[5]

Translations

O Tribe That Loves Boys. Hakim Bey (Entimos Press / Abu Nuwas Society, 1993). With a scholarly biographical essay on Abu Nuwas, largely taken from Ewald Wagner's biographical entry in The Encyclopedia of Islam.
Carousing with Gazelles, Homoerotic Songs of Old Baghdad. Seventeen poems by Abu Nuwas translated by Jaafar Abu Tarab. (iUniverse, Inc., 2005).
Jim Colville. Poems of Wine and Revelry: The Khamriyyat of Abu Nuwas. (Kegan Paul, 2005).
Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.

Smaarak

Baghdad city me dher jagha hae jiske naam Abu Nawas se aais hae. Abū Nuwās Street Tigris Naddi ke east bank me hae, uu neighbourhood me jon pahile city ke showpiece rahaa.^[6] Abu Nuwas Park ek 2.5-kilometer stretch Jumhouriya Bridge aur ek park ke biich me hae jon naddi talak failaa rahaa, Karada me 14th of July Bridge ke lage.^[7]

1976 me, ek crater on the planet Mercury me ke Abu Nuwas ke honour me naam dewa gais rahaa.^[8]

Abu Nawas Association, jiske 2007 me Algeria me suruu karaa gais rahaa, ke ii kavi ke naam dewa gais hae. Ii santhaa ke khaas aim rahaa ki Algeria me homosexuality ke decriminalise karaa jaae, aur Algerian penal code which still considers homosexuality a crime punishable by imprisonment and accompanied by a fine ke khalaaas karaa jaae article 333 aur 338 ke radd kar ke. ^[9]^[10]

Censorship

Jab uske kaam ke khule aam chaapa jaawat rahaa twentieth century ke suruu talak, uske kaam ke pahila modern censored edition Cairo me 1932 me chhaapa gais rahaa. January 2001 me, Egyptian Ministry of Culture order karis ki Nuwaske homoerotic poetry ke 6,000 book ke copies ke jaraawa gais rahaa .^[11]^[12] Saudi Global Arabic Encyclopedia me Abu Nuwas ke entry se, pederasty ke sab chrchaa ke mitae dewa gais rahaa.^[13]

Popular culture me

One Thousand and One Nights me Nawas ke feature karaa gais hae, jahaan pe uske Harun al-Rashid ke ek saathi ke ruup me dekhaawa gais hae.

Ek jaada fictionalised Abu Nuwas, novels The Father of Locks (Dedalus Books, 2009) me villian hae^[14] aur The Khalifah's Mirror (2012) jon Andrew Killeen likhis hae,^[15] me uu ek spy hae jon Ja'far al-Barmaki ke khaatir kaam kare hae.^[16]

Sudanese novel Season of Migration to the North (1966), jon Tayeb Salih likhis hae, Abu Nuwas ke prem kavita ke dher cite karaa gais hae novel ke ek villian , Sudanese Mustafa Sa'eed dwaara, jisse England ke ek jawaan aurat ke seduce karaa jaae sake hae: "Does it not please you that the earth is awaking,/ That old virgin wine is there for the taking?"^[17]

Tanzania ke artist Godfrey Mwampembwa (Gado) ek Swahili comic book banais hae jiske Abunuwasi bola jaawe hae jiske 1996 me publish karaa gais rahaa.^[18] Isme ek trickster jan, jiske naam hae, ek villian hae tiin kahaani me jon East African folklore as well as the fictional Abu Nuwasi of One Thousand and One Nights pe based hae.^[19]^[20]

Pasolini's Arabian Nights, Sium kahaani Abu Nuwas ke erotic poetry pe based hae. The original poems are used throughout the scene.^[21]

Indonesia me, Abu Nuwas, jiske Abunawas bola jaawe hae, dher folk khissa meek character hae, Nasreddin Hoca ke rakam.^[22] Uske khissa me khaas highlight, relations between ordinary people aur higher class ke biich ke rahaa.^[23]

Aur parrho

Kennedy, Philip F. (1997). The Wine Song in Classical Arabic Poetry: Abu Nuwas and the Literary Tradition. Open University Press. ISBN 0198263929.
Kennedy, Philip F. (2005). Abu Nuwas: A Genius of Poetry. OneWorld Press. ISBN 1851683607.
Lacy, Norris J. (1989). "The Care and Feeding of Gazelles – Medieval Arabic and Hebrew love poetry". In Moshe Lazar. Poetics of Love in the Middle Ages. George Mason University Press. pp. 95–118. ISBN 0913969257.
Frye, Richard Nelson. The Golden Age of Persia. p. 123. ISBN 0-06-492288-X.
Abu Nuwas. Encyclopædia Britannica. http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9003430.
Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.

Notes

Note a: Sources vary: Garzanti gives a date of birth of 756 or 758 and a date of death as circa 814,^[24] while Dona S. Straley gives circa 756 to circa 810.^[25]

Swahili sanskriti

East Africa ke Swahili sanskriti me the Abu Nuwas ke Abunuwasi ke naam se jaana jaawe hae aur ii dher popular hae. Hian pe iske naam dher khissa me Nasreddin, Guba nai to "the Mullah" ke naam se jaana jaawe hae. Ii sab kahani me Abunuwasi dhani log ke trick kar ke gaib log ke madat kare hae.

Tanzania ke artist Godfrey Mwampembwa, Swahili ke comic book likis hae jiske Abunuwasi bola jaawe hae,jisme Abunawasi khissa ke adapt karaa gais hae.^[26]

References

↑ Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.
↑ "mu'ammā". Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. 1998.
↑ "Lughz". Encyclopedia of Islam. 2009.
↑ La Corónica. 24. 1995. p. 242. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ipfAAAAMAAJ.
↑ Monroe, James T. (2013). "Why was Ibn Quzmān Not Awarded the Title of "Abū Nuwās of the West?" ('Zajal 96', the Poet, and His Critics)". Journal of Arabic Literature 44 (3): 293–334. doi:10.1163/1570064x-12341271. https://brill.com/view/journals/jal/44/3/article-p293_2.xml.
↑ Template:Britannica
↑ "DVIDS – News – A Walk in the Park". Dvidshub.net. Retrieved 12 September 2010.
↑ Mahoney & 20 13, p. 49.
↑ "Gay people are reclaiming an Islamic heritage", 2021-05-27.
↑ TCHUISSEU, Divine-Léna (28 November 2020). "LGBTQIA+ activism in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries: between repression and determination". Institut du Genre en Géopolitique. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021.
↑ Al-Hayat, 13 January 2001
↑ Middle East Report, 219 Summer 2001
↑ Bearman, Peri (2009). "Global Arabic Encyclopedia". In Khanbaghi, Aptin (ed.). Encyclopedias about Muslim Civilisations. pp. 16–17.
↑ Killeen, Andrew. (2009). The father of locks. Sawtry: Dedalus. ISBN 978-1-903517-76-5. OCLC 260209089.
↑ Killeen, Andrew. (2012). The Khalifah's mirror. New York: Dedalus. ISBN 978-1-909232-35-8. OCLC 815389625.
↑ Killeen 2009.
↑ Ṣāliḥ 1991, pp. 119-120.
↑ Gado (1996). Abu nuwasi : kimefasiriwa na kimechorwa. Nairobi, Kenya: Sasa Sema Publications. ISBN 9966-9609-0-2. OCLC 43496228.
↑ Pilcher 2005, p. 297.
↑ Gado 1998.
↑ Moon, Michael (15 January 2017). Arabian Nights: A Queer Film Classic. Arsenal pulp press. ISBN 9781551526676. https://books.google.com/books?id=fgDRDgAAQBAJ&q=1001+nights+sium&pg=PT38.
↑ "Bedanya Nasrudin Khoja dan Abu Nawas". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 2016-09-20. Retrieved 2024-04-22.
↑ Rahayu, Mundi (2021). "The discourse of common people represented in Javanese version of Abu Nawas stories". Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 644. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125970487.pdf. Retrieved May 1, 2024.
↑ Garzanti, Aldo (1974) [1972] (in Italian). Enciclopedia Garzanti della letteratura. Milan: Garzanti. p. 2.
↑ Straley, Dona S.. The undergraduate's companion to Arab writers and their web sites. Libraries Unlimited. p. 30. ISBN 1591581184. ISBN 978-1-59158-118-5.
↑ Pilcher, Tim and Brad Brooks. (Foreword: Dave Gibbons). The Essential Guide to World Comics. Collins and Brown. 2005. 297.

[1] Esat Ayyıldız. "Ebû Nuvâs’ın Şarap (Hamriyyât) Şiirleri". Bozok Üniversitesi İlahiyat Fakültesi Dergisi 18 / 18 (2020): 147-173.

[2] "mu'ammā". Encyclopedia of Arabic Literature. 1998.

[3] "Lughz". Encyclopedia of Islam. 2009.

[4] La Corónica. 24. 1995. p. 242. https://books.google.com/books?id=5ipfAAAAMAAJ.

[5] Monroe, James T. (2013). "Why was Ibn Quzmān Not Awarded the Title of "Abū Nuwās of the West?" ('Zajal 96', the Poet, and His Critics)". Journal of Arabic Literature 44 (3): 293–334. doi:10.1163/1570064x-12341271. https://brill.com/view/journals/jal/44/3/article-p293_2.xml.

[6] Template:Britannica

[7] "DVIDS – News – A Walk in the Park". Dvidshub.net. Retrieved 12 September 2010.

[FOOTNOTEMahoney20_1349-8] Mahoney & 20 13, p. 49.

[9] "Gay people are reclaiming an Islamic heritage", 2021-05-27.

[10] TCHUISSEU, Divine-Léna (28 November 2020). "LGBTQIA+ activism in Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) countries: between repression and determination". Institut du Genre en Géopolitique. Archived from the original on 2 June 2021.

[11] Al-Hayat, 13 January 2001

[12] Middle East Report, 219 Summer 2001

[bearman-13] Bearman, Peri (2009). "Global Arabic Encyclopedia". In Khanbaghi, Aptin (ed.). Encyclopedias about Muslim Civilisations. pp. 16–17.

[14] Killeen, Andrew. (2009). The father of locks. Sawtry: Dedalus. ISBN 978-1-903517-76-5. OCLC 260209089.

[15] Killeen, Andrew. (2012). The Khalifah's mirror. New York: Dedalus. ISBN 978-1-909232-35-8. OCLC 815389625.

[FOOTNOTEKilleen2009-16] Killeen 2009.

[FOOTNOTEṢāliḥ1991119-120-17] Ṣāliḥ 1991, pp. 119-120.

[18] Gado (1996). Abu nuwasi : kimefasiriwa na kimechorwa. Nairobi, Kenya: Sasa Sema Publications. ISBN 9966-9609-0-2. OCLC 43496228.

[FOOTNOTEPilcher2005297-19] Pilcher 2005, p. 297.

[FOOTNOTEGado1998-20] Gado 1998.

[21] Moon, Michael (15 January 2017). Arabian Nights: A Queer Film Classic. Arsenal pulp press. ISBN 9781551526676. https://books.google.com/books?id=fgDRDgAAQBAJ&q=1001+nights+sium&pg=PT38.

[22] "Bedanya Nasrudin Khoja dan Abu Nawas". Republika Online (in Indonesian). 2016-09-20. Retrieved 2024-04-22.

[23] Rahayu, Mundi (2021). "The discourse of common people represented in Javanese version of Abu Nawas stories". Advances in Social Science, Education and Humanities Research 644. https://www.atlantis-press.com/article/125970487.pdf. Retrieved May 1, 2024.

[24] Garzanti, Aldo (1974) [1972] (in Italian). Enciclopedia Garzanti della letteratura. Milan: Garzanti. p. 2.

[25] Straley, Dona S.. The undergraduate's companion to Arab writers and their web sites. Libraries Unlimited. p. 30. ISBN 1591581184. ISBN 978-1-59158-118-5.

[Pilcher-26] Pilcher, Tim and Brad Brooks. (Foreword: Dave Gibbons). The Essential Guide to World Comics. Collins and Brown. 2005. 297.

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