Tanzania

United Republic of Tanzania
*Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania* (Swahili)
United Republic of Tanzania Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania (Swahili)
	Flag Coat of arms
	Motto: "Uhuru na Umoja" "Freedom and Unity"
	Anthem: "Mungu ibariki Afrika"; "God bless Africa"
Capital	Dodoma; 6°10′S 35°44′E / 6.167°S 35.733°E
Largest city	Dar es Salaam; 06°48′S 39°16′E / 6.800°S 39.267°E
Official languages	Swahili; English;
Other languages	100 se jaada bhasa, jisme hae (1m+): Shambala; Sukuma; Nyamwezi; ; Chagga; Ha; Bena; Gogo; Haya; ; Dholuo; Iraqw; Makonde; Nyaturu; ; Maasai; Jita; Pare;
Religion (2020)	63.1% Christianity; 34.1% Islam; 1.5% Koi dharam nai; 1.2% Traditional dharam; 0.1% duusra dharam;
Demonym(s)	Tanzanian
Government	Unitary dominant-party; presidential republic
• President	Samia Suluhu Hassan
• Vice-President	Emmanuel Nchimbi
• Prime Minister	Mwigulu Nchemba
• Speaker	Mussa Zungu
• Chief Justice	George Mcheche Masaju
Legislature	National Assembly
Independence from the United Kingdom
• Tanganyika	9 December 1961
• Zanzibar	10 December 1963
• Unification of Tanganyika and Zanzibar	26 April 1964
• Current constitution	25 April 1977
• Water (%)	6.4
Population
• 2024 estimate	67,462,121 (23rd)
• 2022 census	61,741,120
• Density	65.2 /km2 (168.9 /sq mi) (147th)
GDP (PPP)	2025 estimate
• Total	▲ $293.59 billion (69th)
• Per capita	▲ $4,370 (158th)
GDP (nominal)	2025 estimate
• Total	▲ $88.980 billion (80th)
• Per capita	▲ $1,280 (162th)
Gini (2017)	40.5; medium inequality
HDI (2023)	▲ 0.555; medium (165th)
Currency	Tanzanian shilling (TZS)
Time zone	UTC+3 (East Africa Time)
Driving side	left
Calling code	+255
ISO 3166 code	TZ
Internet TLD	.tz

Tanzania, Africa me ek des hae jiske official bhasa Kiswahili aur English hae. Ii Africa ke sab se barraa talao, Lake Victoria, ke bagal me hae.

1997 me 29,646,752 log Tanzania me rahat rahin. Ii logan 120 tribes ke hae; aur koi tribe me 10% se jaada population nai hae. Tanzania ek multicultural society hae jisme dher culture ke log rahe hae. Tanzania me dher dharam hae jisme se khaas hae Christianity aur Islam.

Tanzania ke sab se bhaarii export machhri hae, jiske roj Europe aurAmerica bheja jaawe hae. Tanzania ke jaada log kheti me kaam kare hae aur coffee, cotton, sisal, tea, tobacco, aur cashew nuts paida kare hae.

United Republic of Tanzania ke President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete hae. Tanzania, United Nations, UNIDO, the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, the Commonwealth of Nations, the Non-Aligned Movement, SADC, PTA, aur the ADB ke member hae. Ii Lome Convention ke bhi sign karis hae.

Mainland Tanzania (jike pahile Tanganyika ke naam se jaana jawat rahaa) December 1961 me ajaad bhaes, jab ki Zanzibar January 1964 me ajaadi ek revolutionse paais. April 1964 me ii duuno des ek hoe ke United Republic of Tanzania banais . July 1992 talak, Tanzania ek-party state rahaa. Ek Presidential Commission ke baad, ii des multi-party political system suruu karis aur 1995 aur 200 me hian pe election bhaes rahaa.

Naam

Tanzania ke naam dui des ke naam jisse ii jorr ke banaa hae kae naam ke jorr ke banaawa gais hae : Tanganyika aur Zanzibar.^[11] Jab Zanzibar aur Tanganyika ek howat rahin tab, national newspaper The Standard ek nawaa naam ke khaatir ek contest ke run karis rahaa, jiske jiite waala Mohammed Iqbal Dar rahaa. Iqbal ii batais ki uu nawaa naam ke banae ke khaatir "Tan" aur "zan" ke uniting states me se liis hae, "i" uske aapan naam se, aur "a" Ahmadiyya ke reference kare hae.^[12]

Tanganyika naam Swahili ke sabd tanga "sail" aur nyika "uninhabited plain, wilderness" se aais hae, jisse phrase "sail in the wilderness" bane hae. Kabhi-kabhi ii sanjhaa jaawe hae ki ii Lake Tanganyika ke reference kare hae.^[13]

Zanzibar ke naam Zanj se aawe hae, jon huan ke local lig ke naam hae, aur Arbii barr "coast" nai to "shore" se aais hae.^[14] Zanj , Al-Zanjia , East African coast ke Arbii naam hae, jon Azania, Greek naam (possibly derived from a Sabaic name) se related hae wahii coast ke khaatir, jiske Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, ek book jiske first-century CE me likha gais rahaa, me mentioned hae. Azania ke describe karaa gais hae ki ii Mapharitis - ek jaati ke log jon uu time, abhi ke southwest Yemen me rahat rahin, raaj karat rahaa.

Itihaas

Khaas articles: Tanzania ke itihaas and Zanzibar ke itihaas

Puraana

Tanzania, dunia ke uu sab jagha me se ek hae jon sab din se rahe waala jagha me sab se puraana hae. Olduvai Gorge, jon Ngorongoro Conservation Area me hae, ek UNESCO World Heritage Site, jisme ek collection hae jisme Aujaar ke remnants hae jon development and use of transitional technology ke document kare hae.

Eastern Africa ke aadiwaasi log ke linguistically isolated Hadza aur Sandawe hunter-gatherers Tanzania ke socha jaawe hae.^[15]

Migration ke pahila wave Southern Cushitic bhasa me baat kare waala log ke rahaa jon Ethiopia aurSomalia se south Tanzania me gay rahin. Ii log Iraqw, Gorowa, aur Burunge ke ancestors rahin.^[15] Bhasa ke sabuut se ii jaana jaawe hae ki, Tanzania me Eastern Cushitic log ke dui migration rahaa lagbhag 4,000 aur 2,000 saal pahile, jon Lake Turkana ke north se originate bhais rahaa.^[15]

↑ Kendall, David (2014). "Zanzibar". nationalanthems.info. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2015.
↑ Godfrey Mugoti (12 June 2009). Africa (a-z). Godfrey books. p. 152. ISBN 9781435728905. https://books.google.com/books?id=Plvuddy_4NYC&pg=PA512.
↑ "Tanzania Country Information – All about Tanzania". expogr.com. Retrieved 26 April 2020.
↑ "Religions in Tanzania | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BFF
↑ Template:Cite CIA World Factbook
↑ "Population Size in Tanzania". Tanzania Sensa. Retrieved 14 July 2023.
↑ ^8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (in English).
↑ "Gini Index coefficient". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.
↑ Human Development Insights Human Development Reports
↑ Template:OEtymD
↑ Mazimu, Yusuph. "Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia", BBC News Swahili, 4 March 2025.
↑ John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa Archived 10 Juun 2011 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 May 2007.
↑ Template:OEtymD.
↑ ^15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A. et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans". Science 324 (5930): 1035–44. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144.

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "lower-alpha", but no corresponding <references group="lower-alpha"/> tag was found

[1] Kendall, David (2014). "Zanzibar". nationalanthems.info. Archived from the original on 4 October 2019. Retrieved 29 January 2015.

[Mugoti-2] Godfrey Mugoti (12 June 2009). Africa (a-z). Godfrey books. p. 152. ISBN 9781435728905. https://books.google.com/books?id=Plvuddy_4NYC&pg=PA512.

[expogr-3] "Tanzania Country Information – All about Tanzania". expogr.com. Retrieved 26 April 2020.

[5] "Religions in Tanzania | PEW-GRF". www.globalreligiousfutures.org. Archived from the original on 4 March 2021. Retrieved 8 November 2021.

[BFF-6] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named BFF

[CIA2024-7] Template:Cite CIA World Factbook

[8] "Population Size in Tanzania". Tanzania Sensa. Retrieved 14 July 2023.

[weodb-9] 8.0 ^8.1 ^8.2 ^8.3 "World Economic Outlook Database, April 2025" (in English).

[10] "Gini Index coefficient". CIA Factbook. Retrieved 16 July 2021.

[HDI-11] Human Development Insights Human Development Reports

[13] Template:OEtymD

[14] Mazimu, Yusuph. "Mohammed Iqbal Dar: Mjue mbunifu wa jina 'Tanzania' aliyeaga dunia", BBC News Swahili, 4 March 2025.

[15] John Knouse: A Political World Gazetteer: Africa Archived 10 Juun 2011 at the Wayback Machine website accessed 1 May 2007.

[16] Template:OEtymD.

[Genetics-17] 15.0 ^15.1 ^15.2 Tishkoff, S. A.; Reed, F. A.; Friedlaender, F. R.; Ehret, C.; Ranciaro, A.; Froment, A.; Hirbo, J. B.; Awomoyi, A. A. et al. (2009). "The Genetic Structure and History of Africans and African Americans". Science 324 (5930): 1035–44. doi:10.1126/science.1172257. ISSN 0036-8075. PMC 2947357. PMID 19407144.

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