Parmanu hathiyaar

Ek Parmanu hathiyaar (nuclear weapon), nuclear bomb, nai to nuke, ek hathiyaar hae jon ki achaanak me dher shakti (energy) ke kuchh rakam ke atom ke nucleus me chhorre hae. Isse ekdam jaada shakti nikle hae jiske nuclear explosion bola jaae hae.

Nuclear explosion ek city ke barbaad kar de sake hae aur usme ke jaada log ke maar de sake hae. Isse nuclear fallout bhi bane hae jisse log bemaar hoe sake hae. Abhi talak parmanu hathiyaar sab se jaada barbaadi kare waala hathiyaar hae jiske insaan banais hae.

Pahila parmanu hathiyaar ke United States, World War II ke time banais rahaa. Dui parmanu hathiyaar ke Japan ke city Hiroshima aur Nagasaki me giraawa gais rahaa. Isse 200,000 log ke maut bhais rahaa.^[1] Ii khaali ekke time rahaa jab ki parmanu hathiyaar ke larrai me kaam me laawa gais hae.

Dui rakam ke parmanu hathiyaar rahe hae. Pahila hae fission hathiyaar, jiske atomic bomb (A-Bomb) bola jaae hae. Ii uranium, nai to plutonium ke isotope ke kaam me laae hae. Duusra hae fusion hathiyaar, jiske hydrogen bomb (H-bomb, nai to thermonuclear hathiyaar) bola jaae hae. Isme hydrogen ke ek isotope ke kaam me laawa jaae hae.

World War II ke baad, 2000 se jaada dafe nuclear hathiyaar ke test karaa gais hae. Uu des jon ki parmanu hathiyaar ke test karin hae aur sab ke batae hae ki unke lage ii hathiyaar hae: United States, Russia, United Kingdom, France, China, India, Pakistan aur North Korea. I biswas karaa jaae hae ki Israel ke lage parmanu hathiyaar hae lekin uu iske kabule nai hae. South Africa khaali ek des hae kiske lage pahile ii hathiyaar rahaa lekin ab uske dismantle kar diis hae.^[2]

References

↑ "Frequently Asked Questions #1". Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Archived from the original on September 19, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2024. total number of deaths is not known precisely ... acute (within two to four months) deaths ... Hiroshima ... 90,000–166,000 ... Nagasaki ... 60,000–80,000
↑ "Federation of American Scientists: Status of World Nuclear Forces". Fas.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2024.

[1] "Frequently Asked Questions #1". Radiation Effects Research Foundation. Archived from the original on September 19, 2007. Retrieved July 25, 2024. total number of deaths is not known precisely ... acute (within two to four months) deaths ... Hiroshima ... 90,000–166,000 ... Nagasaki ... 60,000–80,000

[nuclearweapons1-2] "Federation of American Scientists: Status of World Nuclear Forces". Fas.org. Archived from the original on January 2, 2013. Retrieved July 25, 2024.

[1]

[2]