Indonesia

Republic of Indonesia; Republik Indonesia
Jhanda	Coat of arms
Des ke jaankari
Des ke motto:	Bhinneka Tunggal Ika (Unity in Diversity)
National anthem:	"Indonesia Raya"
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:	Bahasa Indonesia
	Abaadi:
- Total:	265,973,879 (ranked 4)
Jagha
	country map Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
Capital City:	Jakarta
Sab se barraa City:	Jakarta
	Area
- Total:	1,919,440 (ranked 15)
- Water:	n/a km² (4.85%)
Politics / Government
Established:	17 August 1945
Leader:	President: Joko Widodo
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:	Rupiah (IDR)
International information
Time ke zone:	+7 to +9
Telephone ke dialing code:	+62
Internet domain:	.co.id

Indonesia, Southeast Asia ke ek des hae, jon ki Malay Archipelago me hae. Isme 18,108 islands hae jisme se 6,000 me admii log rahe hae. Indonesia ke kuchh khaas island hae Java, Bali, Borneo, Sulawesi, aur Sumatra. Indonesia ke capital Jakarta, Java island me hae. Abhi ke president Susilo Bambang Yudhoyono hae. Modern Indonesia, 17 August 1945 ke 10 baje suru bhaes jab Ir. Sukarno Indonesia ke Declaration of Independence parrhis

Indonesia, dunia ke chautha sb se jaada populous des hae, jiske abaadi 266,952,952 (2018 ke estimate) hae. Hain pe har ek square kilometer me 111 log rahe hae. Indonesia ke bhasa, Bahasa Indonesia hae, lekin hian pe 737 aur bhasa me baat karaa jaae hae, khaas kar ke duur ke tribal jagha me. Duusra bhasa me hae Javanese], Balinese aur Sundanese. Iske sab se nachdik ke des hae Papua New Guinea, Malaysia, aur East Timor jon ki Indonesia se land border share kae hae. Aur parros ke des hae Australia south me, Singapore north-west me, aur Phillipines north-east me.

Sambandh: Australia, India, Iran, South East Asia, South Asia

Dharam/Mazhab: Islam, Buddhism

Dusre Dharam: Hinduism, Christian

Itihaas

Indonesia me 500,000 saal purana Homo erectus ke fossil paawa gais hae. Iske "Java Man" ke naam dewa gais hae.^[1] Homo sapiens Indonesia me 45,000 saal pahile aae rahin.^[2] Austronesian log Indonesia me 4000 saal pahile Taiwan se aae rahin. Indonesia se outrigger boat East Africa aur Madagascar pahila century se jaae lage rahin.^[3] Seventh century CE se Srivijaya rajya rahaa jisme trade ke kaaran Hindu aur Buddhist ke influence rahaa. Eighth aur tenth centuries CE ke biich me, the agricultural Buddhist Sailendra aur Hindu Mataram kingdom Java me rahaa. Hindu Majapahit kingdom ke eastern Java me 13th century me, Gajah Mada ke niche suruu karaa gais rahaa, aur iske asar Indonesia bhar rahaa. Ii jamaana ke Indonesia ke "Golden Age" bolaa jaae hae.^[4] 13th century se Indonesia me Islam faile lagaa. 1512 se Portuguese aur Dutch log Indonesia ke colonise kare lagin aur 20th century ke suruu talak lagbhag sab Indonesia Netherlands ke niche rahaa. World War II me Indonesia ke Japan aapan niche kar liis rahaa aur 1945 me larrai khlaas hoe ke time Sukarnojaise leader ke niche Indonesia aapan independence declare karis rahaa. Netherlands fir se aapan control Indonesia pe kare ke kosis karis lekin 1949 me Indonesia se nikal gais.

Jagha

Mount Semeru and Mount Bromo in East Java. Indonesia ke seismic aur volcanic activity dunia ke sab se jaada me se hae

Indonesia, Asia ke des me se sab se south me hae. Ii des latitudes 11°S aur 6°N aur longitudes 95°E aur 141°E ke biich me hae. Ii dunia ke sab se barraa archipelago des hae jo duuni Souteast Asia aur Oceania me hae. Indonesia ke east se west talak 5,120 kilometres (3,181 miles) aur north se south talak 1,760 kilometres (1,094 miles) hae.^[5] Indonesia ke sarkar ke anusaar, des me 17,504 island hae lekin UN me khaali 16,056 registered hae.^[6] Ii equator ke duuno taraf hae aur 6,000 islands me log rahe hae.^[7] Sab se barraa island hae Sumatra, Java, Borneo (jiske Brunei aur Malaysia se share karaa jaae hae), Sulawesi, and New Guinea (jiske Papua New Guinea se share karaa jaae hae).^[8] Indonesia land border ke Malaysia se Borneo me aur Sebatik, Papua New Guinea se New Guinea me, East Timor se Timor Island me, aur maritime borders Singapore, Malaysia, Vietnam, the Philippines, Palau, aur Australia se.

Indonesia ke sab se uunchaa pahaarr Puncak Jaya hae jon 4884 feet uunchaa hae. Des ke sab se barraa lake, Lake Toba Sumatra me hae aur iske area 1,142 square kilometres hae. Des ke kuchh barraa naddi hae; Kapuas Naddi, Barito Naddi, Mamberamo Naddi, Sepik Naddi aur Mahakam Naddi.^[9]

Mausam

Kaaheki equator Indonesia ke biich se jaae hae, hian ke mausam saal bhar ekke rakam rahe hae.^[10] Hian pe dui season rahe hae; jhuura ( May se October talak) aur bhiija (November se April talak) aur hian pe summer aur winter nai hae.^[11] Mausam tropical rainforest ke rakam hae, lekin pahaar pe kuchh thandaa rahe hae. ^[12]

Gallery

The parliament in session
The Great Mosque of Banda Aceh
University of Indonesia
Plowing with water buffalo
An amusement ride
Village children from Lombok
Fruit of Indonesia- Papaya, banana and pineapple
A traditional Batak house of Sumatra
The Sipisopiso Waterfall
A traditional sampan
The Heritage Site at Borobudur
A shop selling batik textiles
Brightly painted fishing boats
Mountains of Sulawesi
Terraced fields in Bali

↑ Pope, G.G. (1988). "Recent advances in far eastern paleoanthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology 17: 43–77. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000355. cited in Whitten, T.; Soeriaatmadja, R.E.; Suraya, A.A. (1996). The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions. pp. 309–412.
↑ Gugliotta, Guy. "The Great Human Migration", Smithsonian Maganize, July 2008.
↑ Murray P. Cox; Michael G. Nelson; Meryanne K. Tumonggor; François-X. Ricaut; Herawati Sudoyo (2012-03-21). "A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279 (1739): 2761–2768. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012. PMC 3367776. PMID 22438500.
↑ Lewis, Peter (1982). "The next great empire". Futures 14 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1016/0016-3287(82)90071-4.
↑ Frederick, William H.; Worden, Robert L. (1993) (in en). Indonesia: A Country Study. Area Handbook Series. 550. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8444-0790-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgmXWMgWcwC&pg=PA98. Retrieved 9 November 2023.
↑ "16,000 Indonesian islands registered at UN", 2017-08-21.
↑ "The World Factbook: Indonesia". Central Intelligence Agency. 2018-10-29. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2018-11-11.
↑ "Facts & Figures". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2021-03-14.
↑ "Republic of Indonesia". Microsoft Encarta. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2009-11-01.
↑ "Climate: Observations, projections and impacts" (PDF). Met Office Hadley Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-08-16.
↑ "Indonesia and Climate Change: Current Status and Policies" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2016-12-27.
↑ "Indonesia's Climate and Precipitation". indonesia.mfa.gov.ir (in English). Retrieved 2024-03-29.Template:Fix/category^{[dead link]}

[1] Pope, G.G. (1988). "Recent advances in far eastern paleoanthropology". Annual Review of Anthropology 17: 43–77. doi:10.1146/annurev.an.17.100188.000355. cited in Whitten, T.; Soeriaatmadja, R.E.; Suraya, A.A. (1996). The Ecology of Java and Bali. Hong Kong: Periplus Editions. pp. 309–412.

[2] Gugliotta, Guy. "The Great Human Migration", Smithsonian Maganize, July 2008.

[3] Murray P. Cox; Michael G. Nelson; Meryanne K. Tumonggor; François-X. Ricaut; Herawati Sudoyo (2012-03-21). "A small cohort of Island Southeast Asian women founded Madagascar". Proceedings of the Royal Society B 279 (1739): 2761–2768. doi:10.1098/rspb.2012.0012. PMC 3367776. PMID 22438500.

[4] Lewis, Peter (1982). "The next great empire". Futures 14 (1): 47–61. doi:10.1016/0016-3287(82)90071-4.

[5] Frederick, William H.; Worden, Robert L. (1993) (in en). Indonesia: A Country Study. Area Handbook Series. 550. Washington, D.C.: Federal Research Division, Library of Congress. p. 98. ISBN 978-0-8444-0790-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=6dgmXWMgWcwC&pg=PA98. Retrieved 9 November 2023.

[6] "16,000 Indonesian islands registered at UN", 2017-08-21.

[CIA-7] "The World Factbook: Indonesia". Central Intelligence Agency. 2018-10-29. Archived from the original on 2021-04-13. Retrieved 2018-11-11.

[8] "Facts & Figures". Embassy of the Republic of Indonesia, Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 2017-06-06. Retrieved 2021-03-14.

[9] "Republic of Indonesia". Microsoft Encarta. 2006. Archived from the original on 2009-10-28. Retrieved 2009-11-01.

[10] "Climate: Observations, projections and impacts" (PDF). Met Office Hadley Centre. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2017-08-16. Retrieved 2017-08-16.

[worldbank1-11] "Indonesia and Climate Change: Current Status and Policies" (PDF). World Bank. Archived (PDF) from the original on 2016-12-27. Retrieved 2016-12-27.

[12] "Indonesia's Climate and Precipitation". indonesia.mfa.gov.ir (in English). Retrieved 2024-03-29.Template:Fix/category^{[dead link]}

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