Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Western Philosophy; 19th-century philosophy
	G.W.F. Hegel
Name	Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel
Birth	27 August 1770; Stuttgart, Germany
Death	November 14, 1831 (aged 61); Berlin, Germany
School/tradition	German Idealism; Founder of Hegelianism
Main interests	Logic, Philosophy of history, Aesthetics, Religion, Metaphysics, Epistemology, Political Philosophy,
Notable ideas	Absolute idealism, Dialectic, Sublation, master-slave dialectic
Influences	Aristotle, Heraclitus, Anselm, Descartes, Goethe, Spinoza, Rousseau, Böhme, Kant, Fichte, Hölderlin, Schelling
Influenced	Adorno, Bakunin, Barth, Bataille, Bauer, Bookchin, Bradley, Brandom, Breton, Croce, Danto, Deleuze, Derrida, Dewey, Dilthey, Emerson, Engels, Feuerbach, Fukuyama, Gadamer, Gentile, Green, Habermas, Heidegger, Ilyenkov, Kierkegaard, Kojève, Koyré, Küng, Lacan, Lenin, Lukács, Marcuse, Marx, Moltmann, O'Donoghue, Sartre, Stirner, Charles Taylor, Žižek

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (27 August 1770 – 14 November 1831) ek German philosopher the, jiske janam Stuttgart, Württemberg, Germany me hua tha. Uu Hegelianism ke suruu karis rahaa jon ki German Idealism ke hissa hae. Uske asar dher sare writer aur philosopher ke uppar parra rahaa, jisme (Bradley, Sartre, Küng, Bauer, Stirner, Marx) jon usse agree karat rahin, aur (Kierkegaard, Schopenhauer, Nietzsche, Heidegger, Schelling) jon ki usse agree nai karat rahin. Hegel history, politics, religion, art, logic aur metaphysics ke baare me book likhis rahaa.

Jindagi

Jawani ke din

Bachpan

Hegel ke janam 27 August 1770 me Stuttgart, Duchy Württemberg, Germany ke south east me bhais rahaa. Uske Georg Wilhelm Friedrich naam ddewa gais rahaa, lekin uske palwaar ke log uske Wilhelm ke naam se jaanat rahin. Uske pitaji, Georg Ludwig, ek Rentkammersekretär (secretary to the revenue office), Karl Eugen, Duke of Württemberg ke court me rahaa.^[1] Hegel ke maiya, Maria Magdalena Louisa (née Fromm), ek high court judge ke larrki rahii. Jan Hengel 11 saal ke rahaa, tab uske maiya ke maut "bilious fever" (Gallenfieber) se hoe gais. Hegel uar uske putaji ke bhi ii bimari parkkris lkin duuno bach gain. .^[2] Hegel ke ek bahini, Christiane Luise (1773–1832), aur ek bhaiya, Georg Ludwig (1776–1812) rahaa, jon ki Napoleon ke Russian campaign of 1812 me marr gais rahaa.^[3]

Tiin saal ke umar me , Hegel ek "German School" gais. Paanch saal ke umar me jab uu "Latin School" gais tab first declension jaanat rahaa, jiske uu aapan maiya se sikhis rahaa.

1776 me Hegel Stuttgart ke Gymnasium Illustre me bharti bhais. Aapan jawani me Hegel dher book parhat rahaa, aur isme se dher chij aapan diary me copy karat rahaa.

Atthaarah saal ke umar me,, Hegel Tübinger Stift, ek Protestant seminary attached to the University of Tübingen me bharti bhais rahaa, jahaan pe uske roommates, kavi aur philosopher Friedrich Hölderlin aur hoe waalae philosopher Friedrich Schelling rahaa.^[4]^[5]^[6] Uulog seminary ke restrictive environment se khusi nai rahin, tiino achchhaa dost ban gay rahin aur ek duusre ke idea ke influence kare rahin. (Ii jaada likely hae ki Hegel Stift attend karis rahaakaaheki ii state-funded rahaa, aur uske "a profound distaste for the study of orthodox theology" rahaa aur uu kabhi bhi minister nai bane maangat rahaa.^[7]) Tiino Hellenic civilization ke admire karat rahin, aur Hegel steeped himself in Jean-Jacques Rousseau and Lessing during this time.^[8] Uulog French Revolution ke hote dekhe rahin, bahut khusi se.^[5] Jab violence of the 1793 Reign of Terror Hegel ke hopes ke dampen kar diis, uu moderate Girondin faction ke samarthan karte rahaa aapan commitment to the principles of 1789 ke kabhi nai chhorris rahaa, jiske uu express karis rahaa ek toast to the storming of the Bastille har ek fourteenth of July me.^[9]^[10] Schelling anur Hölderlin apne ke theoretical debates on Kantian philosophy me duboe de rahin, jisme se Hegel duur rahaa.^[11] Ii time Hegel, aapan future ke ekPopularphilosoph (a "man of letters") samjhat rahaa jon serve kare hae jisse ki abstruse ideas of philosophers ke sadhaaran log talak pajunchaawa jaawe sake hae.^[12]

Theological certificate ke Tübingen Seminary se paawe ke baad, Hegel Hofmeister (house tutor) ek aristocratic palwaar ke Berne (1793–1796) me ban gais rahaa.^[13]^[5]^[6]

Bibliography

Theodor W. Adorno, 1994. Hegel: Three Studies. MIT Press. Translated by Shierry M. Nicholsen, with an introduction by Nicholsen and Jeremy J. Shapiro, ISBN 0-262-51080-4. Essays on Hegel's concept of spirit/mind, Hegel's concept of experience, and why Hegel is difficult to read.
Avineri, Shlomo, 1974. Hegel's Theory of the Modern State. Cambridge University Press. Best introduction to Hegel's political philosophy.
Frederick C. Beiser, ed., 1993. The Cambridge Companion to Hegel. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-38711-6. The Cambridge Companions are a good way to start learning about a particular philosopher; this one is no exception.

Duusra websites

The new HegelWiki
A superior biography of Hegel with graphics
Hegel.net - resources available under the GNU FDL
Hegel.net - wiki article on Hegel
Alicia Farinati - Hegelian Works Archived 2013-09-03 at the Wayback Machine Several articles on Hegel. Available in English, Spanish and French
Commented link list
Hegel mailing lists in the internet
Explanation of Hegel, mostly in German
Discussion of the Hegelian tradition, including the Left and Right schism Archived 2005-04-27 at the Wayback Machine
The Hegel Society of America
Hegel in Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy
https://www.gwfhegel.org/
Hegel page in 'The History Guide'
Is Hegel a Christian?
Rethinking the Place of Philosophy with Hegel - Call for Papers for Cosmos and History Archived 2008-04-14 at the Wayback Machine

Template:Wikisource author

Hegel ke text online

References

↑ Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, pp. 2-3; p. 745.
↑ Ibid., 3, incorrectly gives the date as September 20, 1781, and describes Hegel as aged eleven. Cf. the index to Pinkard's book and his "Chronology of Hegel's Life", which correctly give the date as 1783 (pp. 773, 745); see also German Wikipedia.
↑ Ibid., 4.
↑ Beiser 1993a.
1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Knox2022".
1 2 Redding 2020.
↑ Beiser 2005, p. 8.
↑ Harris 1997, p. 7.
↑ Pinkard 2000, p. 451.
↑ Beiser 2005, p. 10.
↑ Beiser 2005, p. 9.
↑ Pinkard 2000, pp. 46–47.
↑ Pinkard 2000, p. 38.

[1] Pinkard, Hegel: A Biography, pp. 2-3; p. 745.

[2] Ibid., 3, incorrectly gives the date as September 20, 1781, and describes Hegel as aged eleven. Cf. the index to Pinkard's book and his "Chronology of Hegel's Life", which correctly give the date as 1783 (pp. 773, 745); see also German Wikipedia.

[3] Ibid., 4.

[FOOTNOTEBeiser1993a-4] Beiser 1993a.

[Knox2022-5] 1 2 3 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "Knox2022".

[FOOTNOTERedding2020-6] 1 2 Redding 2020.

[FOOTNOTEBeiser20058-7] Beiser 2005, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTEHarris19977-8] Harris 1997, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTEPinkard2000[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWJQhWRNy0C&pg=PA451&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false_451]-9] Pinkard 2000, p. 451.

[FOOTNOTEBeiser200510-10] Beiser 2005, p. 10.

[FOOTNOTEBeiser20059-11] Beiser 2005, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEPinkard2000[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWJQhWRNy0C&pg=PA46&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false_46–47]-12] Pinkard 2000, pp. 46–47.

[FOOTNOTEPinkard2000[https://books.google.com/books?id=GHWJQhWRNy0C&pg=PA38&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q&f=false_38]-13] Pinkard 2000, p. 38.

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