Vladimir Lenin: ke revisions ke biich ke antar

Vladimir Ilyich Lenin
Владимир Ильич Ленин
	Vladimir Ilyich Lenin ; Владимир Ильич Ленин
	;
Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars
	In office; 8 November 1917 – 21 January 1924
Preceded by	Alexander Kerensky ; (as President of the Provisional Government)
Succeeded by	Alexei Rykov; (Joseph Stalin as the party leader)
Leader of the Bolshevik Party
	In office; 17 November 1903 – 21 January 1924
Preceded by	None
Succeeded by	Joseph Stalin; (as General Secretary)
Janam	22 April 1870; Simbirsk, Russian Empire
Maut	21 January 1924 (aged 53); Gorki, Russian SFSR, Soviet Union
Nationality	Russian
Political party	Bolshevik Party
Spouse	Nadezhda Krupskaya
Profession	Politician, Revolutionary, Lawyer
Dharam	None (Atheist)
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22:04, 28 Navambar 2009 ke badlao

Vladimir Ilyich Ulyanov (Russian: Влади́мир Ильи́ч Улья́нов, IPA: vla'dʲimʲr ilj'itʂ ul'janʌf), better known as Lenin (Ленин)) (22 April 1870 - 21 January 1924) ek Russian revolutionary aur Bolshevik party ke leader rahaa. Uu Soviet Union ke pahil aleader rahaa. Soviet Union, Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) ke dusra naam hae. Lenin ke Leninism suruu kare khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae, jiske baad me Josif Stalin Marxism-Leninism naam diis rahaa.

School me , Lenin Latin aur Greek bhasa me achchhaa parrhat rahaa. 1887 me uske Kazan State University se nikal dewa gais rahaa kahe ki uu bahut radical rahaa aur Tsar ke virod me protest karis rahaa. Wahii saal me Lenin ke bhaiya, Alexander Ulyanov, ke Alexander III kr hatya kare ke kosis me faansi pe charrhawa gais rahaa. Lenin apne se parrte rahaa aur 1891 me uske lawyer ke licence mila.

St. Petersburg me jab, Lenin wakiili ke parrhai karat rahaa tab uu Karl Marx aur Friedrich Engels ke bichar ke baare me jaanis. Kaahe ki Marxism ke Russia me allowed nai rahaa, Lenin ke arrest kar ke jahel me kar dewa gais rahaa aur iske baad Siberia bhej dewa gais rahaa.

July 1898 me, jab uu Siberia me rahaa, tav uu ek socialist aurat, Nadezhda Krupskaya se saadi karis. 1899 me uu el book likhis, The Developm me rahaaent of Capitalism in Russia. 1900, Lenin ke Siberia se chhorr dewa gais rahaa.

Iske baad Lenin Europe bhar me ghumis aur ek Marxist newspaper, Iskra ke chapis, Russian sabd jiske matlab English me "spark" hae. Uu Russian Social Democratic Labour Party (RSDLP) ke ek leader ban gais.

1903 me, Lenin aur RSDLP ke duusra leader, Julius Martov ke biich me matbhed hoe gais ki Party ke kon rakam se organise karaa jaawe . This dispute, which was about the organization of the Party, divided the party in two. Lenin wanted a strict, centralised, and disciplined model. Martov wanted a less strict, less centralised one. Martov's helpers became known as Mensheviks (meaning "those who are less"). Lenin's supporters were called Bolsheviks ("those who are more").

Lenin went to Finland in 1907, because it was safer for Marxists in Finland than in Russia. He travelled around Europe and visited many socialist meetings and events. During this time he lived in different places like London, Paris and, during World War I, in Geneva. At the beginning of the war, a big meeting, theSecond International that included the Bolsheviks, broke down, when various member Parties helped their countries in the war, going away from the Marxist idea of internationalism. Lenin and the Bolsheviks (aka communists) one of only a handful of groups and people who stood against the war for Marxist reasons.

1917

After Nicholas II stopped to be a Tsar during the February Revolution, Lenin went back to Russia. He became an important Bolshevik leader, and made public the April Theses about what he said were mistakes of the new middle class government of Kerensky, and he called for a Workers' Revolution to overthrow the government. Lenin also talked about the mistakes of many members of the Bolshevik Central Committee (including Zinoviev, Kamenev and Stalin) who helped the government to continue to fight the war against Germany, against the wishes of the Leninists.

During July 1917, when people said that Lenin had got money from the Germans; he was afraid and had to flee to Finland.

In October 1917, the Bolsheviks under Lenin and Trotsky headed the Petrograd Soviet and other Soviets all over Russia in a taking of power from Kerensky's Government, known as the October Revolution ended up in the making of the first Marxist Communist State in world history.

On November 8, 1917, Lenin was chosen Chairman of the Council of People's Commissars by the Russian Soviet Congress. This means that he was the leader of Russia.

Because he was shocked by the German invasion, he signed the Treaty of Brest-Litovsk. Russia lost a lot of land, but the Germans stopped the invasion.

During the Russian Civil War, Lenin started war communism. But after the war, Lenin brought the New Economic Policy. Some private enterprise was allowed, but not much at all. Businessmen, known as nepmen, can own only light industry, not heavy.

After Fanny Kaplan (opposition party august 30 1918) shot Lenin, he started having many strokes and never recovered. By May 1922, he was badly paralysed. After a stroke in March 1923, he could not speak or move. Lenin's fourth stroke killed him in January 1924. Just before the stroke Lenin wanted to get rid of Stalin, considering him dangerous to the soviet republic.

The city of St. Petersburg had been renamed by the Tsar to Petrograd in 1914, but was renamed Leningrad in Lenin's honour in 1924. But after the end of soviet socialism, in 1991, it was called St. Petersburg again.

Before Lenin died, he said he wished to be buried beside his mother. When he died, the communists led by dictator stalin let the people of Russia come to look at him. Because people kept coming, they decided not to bury him. A building was built, in Red Square, Moscow, over Lenin's body, so that people could see him. Lenin's body was mummified (became mummy). It is called the Lenin mausoleum (a mausoleum is a building for dead people). It is a situated in Moscow, Russia, and many people still go there to see him. The body looks ok but it has deteriorated, years of preservation brought tissue wear.

The Russian orthodox churchs prefers burying him with his family, proposal was give to the government but no official reply has been received because his viewing brings in revenue to the russian government.