Naastiktaa (Atheism)

Itihaas me naastiktaa me me biswas ke "classical antiquity" aur puraana Indian philosophy talak trace karaa jaawe sake hae. Pachchhim ke des me naastiktaa kamti hoe gais jab Isai dharam me dher jan biswas kare lagin. 16th century aur Age of Anlightenment me Europe me naastiktaa fir se barrhaa rahaa. 20th century talak dher jan naastik hoe gae rahin. Ii anumaan karaa jaawe hae ki dunia bhar me 500 million se 1.1 billion log naastik hae.^[1]^[2]

Naastiktaa ke matlab hae bhagwaan me biswas nai kare ke. Iske ultaa hae, "theism", jiske matlab hae, biswas ki bhagwaan hae. Jon koi bhagwaan me biswas nai kare hae ke naastik bola jaawe hae. ^[3]^[4]

Naastiktaa me biswas kare ke kaaran philosophical se samajik approach talak based hae. EK khass kaaran kahee bhagwaan me nai biswas karaa jaawe hae, ii hae ki bhagwaan ke rahe ke koi sabuut nai hae.^[5]^[6] Naastik log ii bole hae ki sab koi paida hoe hae bina koi bhagwaan ke biswaas me aur ii naastik ke kaam nai hae ki uu prove kare ki bhagwaan nai hae.^[7]

References

↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named CambridgeZuckerman
↑ Joas, Hans; Wiegandt, Klaus, eds. (2010). Secularization and the World Religions. Liverpool University Press. p. 122 (footnote 1). ISBN 978-1-84631-187-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=rQTdki1xyK0C&pg=PA122. Retrieved April 18, 2012.
↑
- Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica]. Retrieved 2009-08-23.
- Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. p. 175.
↑ Rowe, William L. (1998). "Atheism". In Edward Craig (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named logical
↑ Shook, John R. "Skepticism about the Supernatural" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.
↑ (Stenger 2007, pp. 17–18), citing Parsons, Keith M. (1989). God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytical Defense of Theism. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-551-5.

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[2] Joas, Hans; Wiegandt, Klaus, eds. (2010). Secularization and the World Religions. Liverpool University Press. p. 122 (footnote 1). ISBN 978-1-84631-187-1. https://books.google.com/books?id=rQTdki1xyK0C&pg=PA122. Retrieved April 18, 2012.

[3] 
Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica]. Retrieved 2009-08-23.

Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. p. 175.

[4] Nielsen, Kai (2009). "Atheism". Encyclopædia Britannica]. Retrieved 2009-08-23.

[5] Edwards, Paul (1967). "Atheism". The Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 1. Collier-MacMillan. p. 175.

[4] Rowe, William L. (1998). "Atheism". In Edward Craig (ed.). Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy.

[logical-5] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named logical

[6] Shook, John R. "Skepticism about the Supernatural" (PDF). Archived (PDF) from the original on October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 2, 2012.

[7] (Stenger 2007, pp. 17–18), citing Parsons, Keith M. (1989). God and the Burden of Proof: Plantinga, Swinburne, and the Analytical Defense of Theism. Amherst, New York: Prometheus Books. ISBN 978-0-87975-551-5.

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