Vietnam

Cộng Hòa Xã Hội Chủ Nghĩa Việt Nam; Socialist Republic of Vietnam
Jhanda	Coat of arms
Des ke jaankari
Des ke motto:	Independence, liberty, happiness; (Vietnamese: Độc lập - Tự do - Hạnh phúc)
National anthem:	"The Army March"; (Vietnamese:"Tien Quan Ca")
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:	Vietnamese
	Abaadi:
- Total:	83,535,576 (2005) (ranked 13)
- Density:	253 per km²
Jagha
	country map Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
Capital City:	Hanoi
Sab se barraa City:	Ho Chi Minh City
	Area
- Total:	329,560 (ranked 65)
- Water:	n/a km² (1.3%)
Politics / Government
Established:	2 September, 1945
Leader:	General Secretary: Nông Ðức Mạnh; President: Nguyễn Minh Triết; Prime Minister: Nguyễn Tấn Dũng
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:	đồng (₫) (VND)
International information
Time ke zone:	+7
Telephone ke dialing code:	+84
Internet domain:	.vn

Việt Nam, Southeast Asia ke ek des hae. Iske official naam the Socialist Republic of Việt Nam hae. Iske parrosi des hae China, Laos aur Cambodia. Vietnam ke capital Hànội hae aur sab se barraa city Hồ Chí Minh City city hae jiske pahile Sàigòn ke naam se jaana jaawat rahaa. Vietnam me 86.5 million log rahe hae.

Vietnam pe ek dafe Chinese Empire raj karat rahaa tab iske naam Annam ("peaceful south") rahaa.

Itihaas

Purana itihaas

Aecheologists ke khodaai se ii pataa chale hae ki Vietnam me Paleolithic jamaana me insaan rahat rahin. Kuchh chij jiske khodaai me paawa gais hae ke 780,000 saal puraana rahe ke daawa karaa jaae hae,^[1] jiske "tektite ke paae ke kaaran biswas karaa jaae hae, lekin aur log ii bhi daawa karin hae ki ii chij duusra jamaana me bhi paawa jaae hae.^[2] 500,000 saal puraana Homo erectus ke haddi ke northern Vietnam ke gufaa me paawa gais hae. Sab se puraana :Homo sapiens" ke haddi ke bhi hian pe paawa gais hae.

Jon jagha abhi Vietnam hae, Maritime Jade Road ke hissa rahaa. ^[3]^[4]^[5]^[6]

Lagbhag 1000 BC me Ma Naddi aur Red Naddi ke floddplains me dhaan ke kheti suruu bhais aur isse Son sankriti, jiske bronze ke kaam me laae khaatir jaana jaae hae, develop bhais. Ii time me Van Lang aur Au Lac kingdom aur iske influence Southeast Asia ke aur jagha me faelaa rahaa.

Vietnam ke dynasties

Vietnamese log ii biswas kare hae ki Hong Bang dynasty ke Hing raja log 2879 BC me pahila Vietnamese des seuruu kare rahin. 257 BC me aakhri Hung raja ke Thuc Phan harae ke Au Lac ke suruu kare rahin. 179 BC me China ke general, Zhao Tuo, An Duong Vuong ke harae ke au Lac ke Nanyue me jorr diis. Lekon Nanyue 111 BC me Han dynasty ke hissa hoe gais rahaa. Iske baad 1000 saal talak China ke niche rahaa.

938 AD me Vietnamese lord Ngo Quyen Chinese army ke harae ke Vietnam ke ajaadi dewais. 960 Ad talak Dai Viet dynasty hian pe banaa rahaa. Ii time Vietnam tiin Mogol invasion ke repel karis rahaa. Vietnamese ab se taagatwar emporer Le Thanh Tong ke time (1460-1497) me rahin. 11th aur 18th century ke biich me Vietnam south ke bagal barrha rahaa.

French Indochina

1500s me Portuguese loag Vietnam ke coast ke explore kare rahin. 1533 me uu log Vietnam ke delta me utre lagin , lekin Vietnam ke bhittar ke larrai ke kaaran uu log chale gain. Jab Poetuguese log Macau aur Japan ke Nagasaki me bas ke trade suruu kare rahin. Hian se Portuguese log Vietnam se trade karat rahin. Christian missionaries log bhi ii time Vietnam me aae rahin.

References

↑ Derevianko, A. P.; Kandyba, A. V.; Nguyen, Khac Su; Gladyshev, S. A.; Nguyen, Gia Doi; Lebedev, V. A.; Chekha, A. M.; Rybalko, A. G. et al. (21 September 2018). "The Discovery of a Bifacial Industry in Vietnam". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46 (3): 3–21. doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.003-021. ISSN 1531-832X.
↑ Marwick, Ben; Pham, Son Thanh; Brewer, Rachel; Wang, Li-Ying (14 August 2021). "Tektite geoarchaeology in mainland Southeast Asia". PCI Archaeology. doi:10.31235/osf.io/93fpa. https://osf.io/93fpa/. Retrieved 17 January 2022.
↑ Tsang, Cheng-hwa (24 January 2008). "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 20. doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751. ISSN 1835-1794. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/JIPA/article/view/11751.
↑ Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.
↑ Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.
↑ Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.

Bahaari jorr

Vietnam images

[1] Derevianko, A. P.; Kandyba, A. V.; Nguyen, Khac Su; Gladyshev, S. A.; Nguyen, Gia Doi; Lebedev, V. A.; Chekha, A. M.; Rybalko, A. G. et al. (21 September 2018). "The Discovery of a Bifacial Industry in Vietnam". Archaeology, Ethnology & Anthropology of Eurasia 46 (3): 3–21. doi:10.17746/1563-0110.2018.46.3.003-021. ISSN 1531-832X.

[2] Marwick, Ben; Pham, Son Thanh; Brewer, Rachel; Wang, Li-Ying (14 August 2021). "Tektite geoarchaeology in mainland Southeast Asia". PCI Archaeology. doi:10.31235/osf.io/93fpa. https://osf.io/93fpa/. Retrieved 17 January 2022.

[3] Tsang, Cheng-hwa (24 January 2008). "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 20. doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751. ISSN 1835-1794. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/JIPA/article/view/11751.

[4] Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.

[5] Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.

[6] Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.

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