Sigmund Freud

**Sigmund Freud**
Sigmund Freud
	Sigmund Freud, by Max Halberstadt, 1914
Born	Sigismund Schlomo Freud; 6 May 1856; Freiberg, Moravia, Czech Republic
Died	23 September 1939 (aged 83); London, England, UK;
Residence	Austria, UK
Nationality	Austrian
Ethnicity	Ashkenazi Jew
Fields	Neurology; Philosophy; Psychiatry; Psychology; Psychotherapy; Psychoanalysis; Literature
Institutions	University of Vienna
Alma mater	University of Vienna
Known for	Psychoanalysis
Influences	Arthur Schopenhauer; Friedrich Nietzsche; Jean-Martin Charcot; Josef Breuer
Influenced	John Bowlby; Viktor Frankl; Anna Freud; Ernest Jones; Carl Jung; Melanie Klein; Jacques Lacan; Fritz Perls; Otto Rank; Wilhelm Reich
Notable awards	Goethe Prize
Religious stance	Atheist

Sigmund Freud (6 May 1856 – 23 September 1939) ek Austrian neurologist aur famous psychologist rahaa. Dher log uske "the father of psychoanalysis" bole hae.

Uske janam ke naam Sigismund Schlomo Freud rahaa, lekin 1877 me jab uske umar 21 saal ke rahaa, uu aapan naam badal ke Sigmund Freud kar diis.

Freud, psychology me important rahaa kahe ki uu pahila admii rahaa jon ki unconscious ke scientifically study karis rahaa.

Aapan first book likhe ke baad, Freud, Martha Bernays se saadi karis jisse uske chhe larrkan bhaes aur usme se ek Anna Freud bhi ek famous psychologist banis.

Uske janam purana Austro-Hugarian Empire me uu jagha pe jon ki abhi Czech Republic me hae, me bhaes rahaa. 1938 me uu, Jewish hoe ke kaaran, Hitler ke prosecution se bhaage ke khatir, England chal diis jahan pe uske maut 1939 me bhaes rahaa.

Jiwan kahani

Bachpan ke din aur Sikchhaa

Sigmund Freud ke janam Ashkenazi Jewish parents se Moravia ke town Freiberg,^[1]^[2] Austrian Empire (abhi ke Příbor, Czech Republic) me bhais rahaa aur uu aath larrkan me sab se barraa rahaa. ^[3] Uske maiyaa aur bappa Galicia ke rahin. Uske pitaji, Jakob Freud, jon ek wool merchant rahaa, ke dui larrkaa, Emanuel aur Philipp, uske pahila saadi se rahaa. Jakob ke palwaar Hasidic Jews rahin aur, jab Jakob apne ii sankriti se duur hoe gais rahaa, uske Torah study ke khaatir jaana jaawat rahaa. Uu aur Freud ke maiyaa, Amalia Nathansohn, jon usse 20 saal jawaan rahii aur tiisra aurat rahii, ke saadi Rabbi Isaac Noah Mannheimer 29 July 1855 me karis rahaa.^[4] Uulog ke paisa ke kami rahaa aur ek room ke ek locksmith ke ghar me Schlossergasse 117 me rahat rahin jab Sigmund ke janam bhais rahaa.^[5] Uu ek caul ke saathe paida bhais rahaa, jiske uske maiyaa ek positive omen maanat rahii, lorrkaa ke future ke khaatir.^[6]

Freud (16 saal ke umar me) aur uske maiyaa, Amalia, 1872 me

1859 me, Freud palwaar Freiberg se chal diis. Freud ke half-brothers emigrated to Manchester, England ,igate hoe gay rahin, jiske kaaran uske aapan bachpan ke dost, Emanuel ke larrkaa, John ke chhorre kae parraa.^[7] Jakob Freud aapan aurat aur dui larrkan (Freud's sister, Anna, was born in 1858; a brother, Julius, born in 1857, had died in infancy) ke pahile Leipzig aur baad me, 1860 me Vienna lae gais rahaa, jahaan pe chaar larrhi aur jahaan pe chaar bahini aur ek bahiyaa ke janam bhais rahaa: Rosa (b. 1860), Marie (b. 1861), Adolfine (b. 1862), Paula (b. 1864), Alexander (b. 1866). 1865 me, the nau saal ke Freud Leopoldstädter Kommunal-Realgymnasium me bharti bhais rajaa, ek jaana-maana high school. Uu bahut achchhaa pupil aur Matura se graduate 1873 me honors ke saathe bhais rahaa. Uu literature ke pasand karat rahaa aur German, French, Italian, Spanish, English, Hebrew, Latin aur Greek me achchhaa se baat karat rahaa.^[8]

Freud University of Vienna me 17 saal ke umar me bharti bhais rahaa. Uu maangat rahaa wakiili parrhe lekin university me medical faculty me bharti bhais rahaaa, jahaan pe uske parrhai me philosoph Franz Brentano ke niche rahaa, physiology Ernst Brücke ke niche, aur zoology Darwinist professor Carl Claus ke niche.^[9] 1876 me, Freud chaar haptaa talak Claus ke zoological research station Trieste me rahaa, jahaan pe uu kuchh sau sapaiyaa (eels) ke disect karis rahaa, uulog ke male reproductive organs ke khij me.^[10] 1877 me, Freud Ernst Brücke ke physiology laboratory gais, jahan pe uu chhe saal talak insaan ke dimaag, duusra vertebrates jaise frogs, lampreys, aur invertebrates, jaise, crayfish se compare karat rahaa. Uske research kaam biology of nervous tissue ke kaaran neuron ke 1890s me paawa gais rahaa.^[11] Freud ke research waala kaam 1879 me ruk gais rahaa kaaheki uske ek saal ke compulsory military service kare ke rahaa. Jaada time mile ke kaaran uu chaar essay ke John Stuart Mill ke collected works me se translate karis rahaa.^[12] Uu graduate bhais rahaa with MD March 1881 me.^[13]

Suruu ke kaam aur saadi

1882 me, Freud aapan medical kaam ke Vienna General Hospital me suruu karis rahaa. Uske research ke kaam cerebral anatomy me, ke kaaran 1884 me ekn influential paper on the palliative effects of cocaine publish karaa gais rahaa, aur uske kaam aphasia me uske pahila book, On Aphasia: A Critical Study ke basis rahaa, jiske 1891 me publish karaa gais rahaa.^[14] Aur tiin saal talak, Freud aspatal ke dher department me kaam karis rahaa. Uske time Theodor Meynert's psychiatric clinic me aur ek locum ke ruup me ek local asylum me, ke kaaran clinical kaam me interest aur barrhaa rahaa. Uske dher published research ke kaaran uske ek university lecturer nai to docent in neuropathology 1885 me banaawa gais rahaa, jisme uske koi talab nai milat rahaa lekin uu University of Vienna me lecture de sakat rahaa.^[15]

Duusra websites

Ii koi jan article ek chhota panna hae. Aap iske lamba karke Wikipedia ke madat kare saktaa hae.

↑ "Digitized Birth Records of Freiberg (Zemský archiv v Opavě)". digi.archives.cz. Retrieved 18 July 2021.
↑ "Sigmund Freud | Biography, Theories, Works, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2 May 2023.
↑ Gresser 1994, p. 225.
↑ Emanuel Rice (1990). Freud and Moses: The Long Journey Home. SUNY Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7914-0453-9.
↑
Gay 2006, pp. 4–8; Clark 1980, p. 4.
- For Jakob's Torah study, see Meissner 1993, p. 233.
- For the date of the marriage, see Rice 1990, p. 55.
↑ Deborah P. Margolis, M.A. (1989). "Margolis 1989". Mod. Psychoanal: 37–56. http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A. Retrieved 17 January 2014.
↑ Jones, Ernest (1964) Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Edited and abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books p. 37.
↑ Hothersall 2004, p. 276.
↑ Hothersall 1995
↑ See "past studies of eels" and references therein.
↑
Costandi, Mo. "Freud was a pioneering neuroscientist", The Guardian, 10 March 2014.
In this period he published three papers:
- Freud, Sigmund (1877) (in de). Über den Ursprung der hinteren Nervenwurzeln im Rückenmark von Ammocoetes (Petromyzon Planeri). na. https://archive.org/details/b3047467x.
- Freud, Sigmund (1878) (in de). Über Spinalganglien und Rückenmark des Petromyzon. https://books.google.com/books?id=c9I7mgEACAAJ.
- Freud, Sigmund (April 1884). "A New Histological Method for the Study of Nerve-Tracts in the Brain and Spinal Cord". Brain 7 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1093/brain/7.1.86. https://zenodo.org/record/1935710.
For a more in-depth analysis: Gamwell, Lynn; Solms, Mark (2006). From Neurology to Psychoanalysis. State University of New York: Binghamton University Art Museum. pp. 29–33, 37–39. https://www.curezone.org/upload/PDF/From_NEUROLOGY_to_PSYCHOANALYSIS_by_Sigmund_Freud.pdf.
↑ Gay 2006 p. 36.
↑ Sulloway 1992 [1979], p. 22.
↑ Wallesch, Claus (2004). "History of Aphasia Freud as an aphasiologist". Aphasiology 18 (April): 389–399. doi:10.1080/02687030344000599.
↑ Gay 2006, pp. 42–47.

[1] "Digitized Birth Records of Freiberg (Zemský archiv v Opavě)". digi.archives.cz. Retrieved 18 July 2021.

[2] "Sigmund Freud | Biography, Theories, Works, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. 2 May 2023.

[Gresser-3] Gresser 1994, p. 225.

[Emanuel-4] Emanuel Rice (1990). Freud and Moses: The Long Journey Home. SUNY Press. p. 55. ISBN 978-0-7914-0453-9.

[5] Gay 2006, pp. 4–8; Clark 1980, p. 4.
For Jakob's Torah study, see Meissner 1993, p. 233.

For the date of the marriage, see Rice 1990, p. 55.

[mwuw] For Jakob's Torah study, see Meissner 1993, p. 233.

[mwvQ] For the date of the marriage, see Rice 1990, p. 55.

[6] Deborah P. Margolis, M.A. (1989). "Margolis 1989". Mod. Psychoanal: 37–56. http://www.pep-web.org/document.php?id=MPSA.014.0037A. Retrieved 17 January 2014.

[7] Jones, Ernest (1964) Sigmund Freud: Life and Work. Edited and abridged by Lionel Trilling and Stephen Marcus. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books p. 37.

[8] Hothersall 2004, p. 276.

[9] Hothersall 1995

[10] See "past studies of eels" and references therein.

[11] Costandi, Mo. "Freud was a pioneering neuroscientist", The Guardian, 10 March 2014.
In this period he published three papers:
Freud, Sigmund (1877) (in de). Über den Ursprung der hinteren Nervenwurzeln im Rückenmark von Ammocoetes (Petromyzon Planeri). na. https://archive.org/details/b3047467x.

Freud, Sigmund (1878) (in de). Über Spinalganglien und Rückenmark des Petromyzon. https://books.google.com/books?id=c9I7mgEACAAJ.

Freud, Sigmund (April 1884). "A New Histological Method for the Study of Nerve-Tracts in the Brain and Spinal Cord". Brain 7 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1093/brain/7.1.86. https://zenodo.org/record/1935710.
For a more in-depth analysis: Gamwell, Lynn; Solms, Mark (2006). From Neurology to Psychoanalysis. State University of New York: Binghamton University Art Museum. pp. 29–33, 37–39. https://www.curezone.org/upload/PDF/From_NEUROLOGY_to_PSYCHOANALYSIS_by_Sigmund_Freud.pdf.

[mw6Q] Freud, Sigmund (1877) (in de). Über den Ursprung der hinteren Nervenwurzeln im Rückenmark von Ammocoetes (Petromyzon Planeri). na. https://archive.org/details/b3047467x.

[mw9Q] Freud, Sigmund (1878) (in de). Über Spinalganglien und Rückenmark des Petromyzon. https://books.google.com/books?id=c9I7mgEACAAJ.

[mwAQA] Freud, Sigmund (April 1884). "A New Histological Method for the Study of Nerve-Tracts in the Brain and Spinal Cord". Brain 7 (1): 86–88. doi:10.1093/brain/7.1.86. https://zenodo.org/record/1935710.

[12] Gay 2006 p. 36.

[13] Sulloway 1992 [1979], p. 22.

[14] Wallesch, Claus (2004). "History of Aphasia Freud as an aphasiologist". Aphasiology 18 (April): 389–399. doi:10.1080/02687030344000599.

[15] Gay 2006, pp. 42–47.

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