Sansaar

Sansaar me uu sab chij hae jon ki hae. Isme sab rakam ke physical chij aur energy, grah, tara, galaxies aur space ke sab chij hae.^[1] 20th century ke suruu se vigyanik ii pataa lagaain ki space aur samay ek saathe Big Bang se 13.383 billion saal pahile suruu bhais rahaa^[2], aur iske baad sansaar barrhe lagaa. Abhi sansaar, umar aur size me etnaa barraa hoe gais hae ki "observable universe" ke abhi 93 billion light saal ke diameter hae aur puura sansaar ke size nai jaana jaae sake hae aur saait infinite hae.^[3]

Sab se puraana, sansaar ke medel ke Greek aur Indian philosophers log develop kare rahin, aur ii duuno "geocentric" rahaa, jiske matlab hae ki dunia, sansaar ke biich me rahaa.^[4]^[5] Kuchh sau saal baad Nicolaus Copernicus ek duusra model banais jisme suraj ke solar system ke biich me rakkha gais rahaa. Iske baad Isaac Newton aur Johannes Kepler, Copernicus ke model ke aur refine karin.

Kuchh aur astronomers ke kaam ke baad ii realise karaa gais ki Suraj Milky Way me kuch hundred billion Tara me se ek hae aur Milky Way kuchh 100 billion galaxy me se ek hae. Ajj-kal ii bhi samjhaa jaae hae ki sansaar ke koi centre aur edge nai hae.^[6] 29th century ke discoveries se ii samjhaa jaae hae ki sansaar ke ek suruwaat rahaa aur tab se ii barrhtee jaae hae.^[7]

Big Bang theory ke anusaar, jon energy aur matter suruu me rahaa, kamtii dense hoe gais hae jaise sansaar expand bhais hae. Jaise sansaar barraa bhais . waise ii aur thandaa hoe gais aur subatomic particle aur atoms banaa. Hydrogen aur helium ke baadal (cloud) huan pe khiicha gais jahaan pe density jaada rahaa aur pahila galaxy ayr taara banaa. Gravity ke matter aur light pe effect ke adhyan ke baad ii paawa gais hae ki sansaar me me jetna taara, nebula, aur gas hae, se jaada matter hae. Jon matter ke dekhaa jaae nai sake hae ke dark matter bolaa jaae hae.^[8] Ek jaana maana model, Lambda-CDM model ke anusaar dark matter sansaar ke 25.8% mass aur energy hae aur dark energy 69.2% hae, jiske kaaran sansaar barraa hoe hae.^[9] Iske matlab ii hae ki sadhaaran matter universe ke khaali 4.84% hae. Taara, planet, dekhaae waala gas cloud matter ke khaali 6% hae.^[10]

Dher theory hae ii chij ke baare me kiBig Bang se pahile kon chij bhais rahaa. Kuchh bhautik vigyanik ii bole hae ki ek se jaada sansaar hae.^[11]

References

↑ Zeilik, Michael; Gregory, Stephen A. (1998). Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 978-0-03-006228-5. "The totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be."
↑ Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J. et al. (September 2020). "Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 641: A6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. ISSN 0004-6361. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910.
↑ Greene, Brian (2011). The Hidden Reality. Alfred A. Knopf.
↑ Dold-Samplonius, Yvonne (2002). From China to Paris: 2000 Years Transmission of Mathematical Ideas. Franz Steiner Verlag.
↑ Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey; Wallis, Faith (2005). Medieval Science Technology and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. OCLC 61228669.
↑ Carroll, Bradley W.; Ostlie, Dale A. (2013) (in en). An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (International ed.). Pearson. pp. 1173–1174. ISBN 978-1-292-02293-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=RLwangEACAAJ. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
↑ Hawking, Stephen (1988). A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-553-05340-1. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofti00step_1.
↑ Redd, Nola. "What is Dark Matter?". Space.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.
↑ "Planck 2015 results, table 9". Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.
↑ Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (September 1, 1992). "The baryon content of the Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 258 (1): 14P–18P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711.
↑ "'Multiverse' theory suggested by microwave background", BBC News, August 3, 2011. (in en-GB)

[Zeilik1998-1] Zeilik, Michael; Gregory, Stephen A. (1998). Introductory Astronomy & Astrophysics (4th ed.). Saunders College Publishing. ISBN 978-0-03-006228-5. "The totality of all space and time; all that is, has been, and will be."

[2] Planck Collaboration; Aghanim, N.; Akrami, Y.; Ashdown, M.; Aumont, J.; Baccigalupi, C.; Ballardini, M.; Banday, A. J. et al. (September 2020). "Planck 2018 results: VI. Cosmological parameters". Astronomy & Astrophysics 641: A6. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833910. ISSN 0004-6361. https://www.aanda.org/10.1051/0004-6361/201833910.

[Brian_Greene_2011-3] Greene, Brian (2011). The Hidden Reality. Alfred A. Knopf.

[4] Dold-Samplonius, Yvonne (2002). From China to Paris: 2000 Years Transmission of Mathematical Ideas. Franz Steiner Verlag.

[Routledge-5] Glick, Thomas F.; Livesey; Wallis, Faith (2005). Medieval Science Technology and Medicine: An Encyclopedia. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-96930-7. OCLC 61228669.

[6] Carroll, Bradley W.; Ostlie, Dale A. (2013) (in en). An Introduction to Modern Astrophysics (International ed.). Pearson. pp. 1173–1174. ISBN 978-1-292-02293-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=RLwangEACAAJ. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

[Hawking-7] Hawking, Stephen (1988). A Brief History of Time. Bantam Books. p. 43. ISBN 978-0-553-05340-1. https://archive.org/details/briefhistoryofti00step_1.

[8] Redd, Nola. "What is Dark Matter?". Space.com. Archived from the original on February 1, 2018. Retrieved February 1, 2018.

[planck_2015-9] "Planck 2015 results, table 9". Archived from the original on July 27, 2018. Retrieved May 16, 2018.

[10] Persic, Massimo; Salucci, Paolo (September 1, 1992). "The baryon content of the Universe". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society 258 (1): 14P–18P. doi:10.1093/mnras/258.1.14P. ISSN 0035-8711.

[11] "'Multiverse' theory suggested by microwave background", BBC News, August 3, 2011. (in en-GB)

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]