Mimar Sinan

Mimar Sinan
Mimar Sinan
	Detail of a miniature in the illuminated manuscript; Tārīkh-i Sulṭān Sulaymān possibly depicting Sinan, c. 1579
Janam	c. 1488/1490; Ağırnas, Karaman Eyalet, ; Ottoman Empire ; (now Kayseri, Turkey)
Maut	17 July 1588 (aged 98-100); Constantinople, Ottoman Empire; (now Istanbul, Turkey)
Rashtriyata	Ottoman
Kaam	Architect
Buildings	Süleymaniye Mosque; Selimiye Mosque; Mehmed Paša Sokolović Bridge; Mihrimah Sultan Mosque; Mihrimah Mosque; Kılıç Ali Pasha Complex; Şehzade Mosque; Haseki Hürrem Sultan Baths; Haseki Sultan Complex; Sokollu Mehmet Pasha Mosque; Rüstem Pasha Mosque Topkapi palace
Signature

Mimar Sinan (15 April 1489 - 9 April 1588), 50 saal talak Ottoman Empire ke main architect rahaa. Uske khaas kaam hae Edirne ke Selimiye Masjid aur Istanbul ke Suleiman masjid. Uu dui sau se jaada building ke banais, jisme Koran schools (sibyan mektebs) bhi rahaa.

Uske training ek military engineer ke rahaa aur uu tarakki kar k pahile ek officer banaa aur baad me ek Janissary commander, jisme uske title ağa rahaa.^[1] Uu aapan architectural aur engineering skills uu time sikhis jab ki uu Janissaries ke saathe military campaign pe rahaa aur fortifications, rasta, pul aur aqueducts banae me kaafi aage hoe gais rahaa. ^[2] Lagbhag 50 saal ke umar me uske chief royal architect banawa gais rahaa, aaur uu aapan army me sikha gais skill ke dharmik building aur government building ke banae me lagais.^[2] Uu lagbhag 50 saal talak ii post pe rahaa.

Uu ek bhaari sarkari department ke agua rahaa aur dher jane ke train karis rahaa jon ki baad me apne se achchhaa archtect banin, jaise kiSedefhar Mehmet Ağa, jon ki Sultan Ahmed Mosque ke banais rahaa.

Jawaani ke din aur palwaar

Mimar Sinan ke janam, Joseph ke naam ke niche, ek chhota town, Ağırnas , Kayseri city ke lage, Anatolia (jaise Sultan Selim II ke hukum me bataawa gais hae) me bhais rahaa.^[3] Uske janam chaahe 1489 aur 1491 ke biich me, nai to 1494 aur 1499 ke biiich me bhais rahaa. Uske origin ke dispute karaa jaawe hae, khaas kar ke Armenian,^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] aur Cappadocian Greek.^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] Ek argument jisse ii jaana jaawe hae ki uu Armenian nai to Greek background ke rahaa, hae ek Selim II se, jiske Ramadan 7 981 (ca. December 30, 1573) date karaa gais hae, jisme Sinan ke request ki uske palwaar ke maaf kar ke general exile of Kayseri's Armenian community to the island of Cyprus nai karaa jaawe;^[6] ii decree, June 1930-May 1931 edition of the Istanbul Turkish journal Türk Tarihi Encümeni Mecmuası me pulish karaa gais rahaa. Godfrey Goodwin batais hae ki "after the Ottoman conquest of Cyprus in 1571, when Selim II decided to repopulate the island by transferring Rum (Orthodox Christian) families from the Karaman Eyalet, Sinan intervened on behalf of his family and obtained two orders from the Sultan in council exempting them from deportation."^[9] Dher scholars ke anusaar, iske matlab hae ki uske palwaar Cappadocian Greek rahaa, kaaheki khaali Orthodox Christians (Rûms) uu ilaaka ke, Greek bhasa me baat karat rahin.^[12]

Sinan ke janam sthaan, Ağırnas, ek Greek gaon jisme koi Armenian log nai rahin, me bhais rahaa, jiske kuchh scholars bahas kare hae ki ii theory ki uu Greek origin ke rahaa, ke support kare hae.^[13] Iske alaawa, Greeks ke ii gaon ke chhorre se pahile, ek Cappadocian Greek palwaar Taşçıoğlu gain se (Greek: Ταστσιόγλου) ii daawa karis rahaa ki Sinan uske palwaar ke hissa rahaa.^[13]

isse kamti popular theories scholars me, hae ki Sinan ek Albanian rahaa,^[11]^[14] aur saait Jewish bhi,^[15] nai to Christian Turkish.^[15] Encyclopædia Britannica ke anusaar, Sinan chaahe Armenian nai to Greek origin ke rahaa.^[16] Ek local sanskriti Shiroka Lăka gaon me, batae hae ki Sinan Bulgarian origin ke rahaa aur uske palwaar uu gaon se aaawe rahin.^[17] Turkish scholars log ii biich ii bahas kare hae ki Sinan ke palwaar Christian Turkish rahin.^[15] 1935 me, ek council jiske Turkish Historical Society commission karis rahaa, Sinan ke tomb ke khol ke uske khoprri ke naape rahin ii dekhae ke khaatir ki uu Turkish "racial" heritage ke rahaa.^[18]

Sinan barraa bhais rahaa, aapan pitaji ke kaam me uske madat kar ke , aur jab uske conscript karaa gais rahaa, tab uske lage building work ke achchhaa jaankaari rahaa.^[19] Tiin records hae (Anonymous Text; Architectural Masterpieces; Book of Architecture) library of Topkapı Palace me, jiske Sinan aapan dost aur biographer Mustafa Sâi Çelebi ke khaatir likhis rahaa. Tiin manuscripts me, Sinan aapan bachpan aur military career ke baare me bataawe hae. Uu aapan pitaji ke "Abdülmennan" (literally "Servant of the Generous and Merciful One") bole hae, ek title jiske Ottoman jamaana me kaamme laawa jaawat rahaa, ek Muslim convert ke non-Muslim pitaji ke.^[20]

References

↑ Goodwin (2001), p. 87
1 2 Kinross (1977), pp 214–215
↑ Goodwin 2003, pp. 199-200.
↑ Zaryan, Sinan, Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, p. 385.
↑ Kouymjian, Dickran. "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, p. 13. ISBN 0-312-10168-6.
1 2 Alboyajian (1937), vol. 2, pp. 1533-34.
↑ "Sinan, an Armenian architect": Chisholm, Hugh. The Encyclopaedia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 1910, page 426.
↑ Talbot, Hamlin Architecture Through the Ages. University of Michigan, p. 208.
1 2 Goodwin 2003, p. 199.
↑ Rogers, J. M. (2006). Sinan: Makers of Islamic Civilization.. I.B.Tauris: Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. p. backcover. ISBN 978-1-84511-096-3. https://archive.org/details/sinan0000roge/page/. "(Sinan) He was born in Cappadocia, probably into a Greek Christian family. Drafted into the Janissaries during his adolescence, he rapidly gained promotion and distinction as a military engineer."
1 2 Cragg, Kenneth (1991). The Arab Christian: A History in the Middle East. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-664-22182-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=pMuxLlWih04C&pg=PA120. "The greatest of all Muslim architects, Sinan ... was of Greek or Albanian Christian origin"
↑ Necipoğlu 2007, p. 147.
1 2 Kuban, Doğan (1997) (in en). Sinan's Art and Selimiye. Economic and Social History Foundation. pp. 29. ISBN 978-975-7306-30-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=b9XVAAAAMAAJ. "Konyalı reports that Ağırnas was a Greek village with no Armenian inhabitants, and that before the Greeks evacuated the village a Greek family named Taşçıoğlu had claimed Sinan as a member of their own family."
↑ Brown, Percy (1942). Indian architecture: (The Islamic period). Taraporevala Sons. p. 94. https://books.google.com/books?id=e-VOAAAAYAAJ&q=the+fame+of+the+leading+Ottoman+architect,+Sinan,+having+reached+his+ears,+he+is+reported+to+have+invited+certain+pupils+of+this+Albanian+genius+to+India+to+carry+out+his+architectural+schemes.. "… the fame of the leading Ottoman architect, Sinan, having reached his ears, he is reported to have invited certain pupils of this Albanian genius to India to carry out his architectural schemes."
1 2 3 Akgündüz Ahmed & Öztürk Said, (2011), Ottoman History, Misperfections and Truths, IUR Press (Islamitische Universiteit Rotterdam), Pg.196, See online. Quoted from the book: "some Jewish writers claimed that the actual name of Sinan the Architect was Yusuf Sinan and was, accordingly, Jewish... According to yet another view, Sinan came from a Christian Turkish family, whose father's name was Abdulmennan and his grandfather's Doğan Yusuf."
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Britannica
↑ Daskalov, Roumen; Vezenkov, Alexander (2015) (in en). Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Three: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies. BRILL. pp. 285. ISBN 978-90-04-29036-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=WDRzBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA385. "Mimar Sinan (1539–1588) is undoubtedly one of the greatest architects of the sixteenth century. He was not a Turk but a Greek from Cappadocia (or a Bulgarian from Shiroka Lăka, according to a local variant)."
↑ Bettany Hughes, Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities (New York: Da Capo Press, 2017), p. 437.
↑ Encyclopædia Britannica: Sinan (Ottoman architect)
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Günay

Ii koi jan article ek chhota panna hae. Aap iske lamba karke Wikipedia ke madat kare saktaa hae.

[GoodwinA87-1] Goodwin (2001), p. 87

[Kinross214-2] 1 2 Kinross (1977), pp 214–215

[FOOTNOTEGoodwin2003199-200-3] Goodwin 2003, pp. 199-200.

[SAE-4] Zaryan, Sinan, Armenian Soviet Encyclopedia, p. 385.

[5] Kouymjian, Dickran. "Armenia from the Fall of the Cilician Kingdom (1375) to the Forced Emigration under Shah Abbas (1604)" in The Armenian People From Ancient to Modern Times, Volume II: Foreign Dominion to Statehood: The Fifteenth Century to the Twentieth Century. Richard G. Hovannisian (ed.). New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997, p. 13. ISBN 0-312-10168-6.

[Alboyajian1937-6] 1 2 Alboyajian (1937), vol. 2, pp. 1533-34.

[7] "Sinan, an Armenian architect": Chisholm, Hugh. The Encyclopaedia Britannica; A Dictionary of Arts, Sciences, Literature and General Information. 1910, page 426.

[8] Talbot, Hamlin Architecture Through the Ages. University of Michigan, p. 208.

[FOOTNOTEGoodwin2003199-9] 1 2 Goodwin 2003, p. 199.

[Rogers,_J._M._2006-10] Rogers, J. M. (2006). Sinan: Makers of Islamic Civilization.. I.B.Tauris: Oxford Centre for Islamic Studies. p. backcover. ISBN 978-1-84511-096-3. https://archive.org/details/sinan0000roge/page/. "(Sinan) He was born in Cappadocia, probably into a Greek Christian family. Drafted into the Janissaries during his adolescence, he rapidly gained promotion and distinction as a military engineer."

[Cragg-11] 1 2 Cragg, Kenneth (1991). The Arab Christian: A History in the Middle East. Westminster John Knox Press. p. 120. ISBN 0-664-22182-3. https://books.google.com/books?id=pMuxLlWih04C&pg=PA120. "The greatest of all Muslim architects, Sinan ... was of Greek or Albanian Christian origin"

[FOOTNOTENecipoğlu2007147-12] Necipoğlu 2007, p. 147.

[:1-13] 1 2 Kuban, Doğan (1997) (in en). Sinan's Art and Selimiye. Economic and Social History Foundation. pp. 29. ISBN 978-975-7306-30-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=b9XVAAAAMAAJ. "Konyalı reports that Ağırnas was a Greek village with no Armenian inhabitants, and that before the Greeks evacuated the village a Greek family named Taşçıoğlu had claimed Sinan as a member of their own family."

[Brown-14] Brown, Percy (1942). Indian architecture: (The Islamic period). Taraporevala Sons. p. 94. https://books.google.com/books?id=e-VOAAAAYAAJ&q=the+fame+of+the+leading+Ottoman+architect,+Sinan,+having+reached+his+ears,+he+is+reported+to+have+invited+certain+pupils+of+this+Albanian+genius+to+India+to+carry+out+his+architectural+schemes.. "… the fame of the leading Ottoman architect, Sinan, having reached his ears, he is reported to have invited certain pupils of this Albanian genius to India to carry out his architectural schemes."

[:0-15] 1 2 3 Akgündüz Ahmed & Öztürk Said, (2011), Ottoman History, Misperfections and Truths, IUR Press (Islamitische Universiteit Rotterdam), Pg.196, See online. Quoted from the book: "some Jewish writers claimed that the actual name of Sinan the Architect was Yusuf Sinan and was, accordingly, Jewish... According to yet another view, Sinan came from a Christian Turkish family, whose father's name was Abdulmennan and his grandfather's Doğan Yusuf."

[Britannica-16] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Britannica

[17] Daskalov, Roumen; Vezenkov, Alexander (2015) (in en). Entangled Histories of the Balkans - Volume Three: Shared Pasts, Disputed Legacies. BRILL. pp. 285. ISBN 978-90-04-29036-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=WDRzBwAAQBAJ&pg=PA385. "Mimar Sinan (1539–1588) is undoubtedly one of the greatest architects of the sixteenth century. He was not a Turk but a Greek from Cappadocia (or a Bulgarian from Shiroka Lăka, according to a local variant)."

[18] Bettany Hughes, Istanbul: A Tale of Three Cities (New York: Da Capo Press, 2017), p. 437.

[SinanBritannica-19] Encyclopædia Britannica: Sinan (Ottoman architect)

[Günay-20] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Günay

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