Istanbul
| Istanbul İstanbul (Turkish) |
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| — Metropolitan municipality aur province — | |
| [[File: Levent business district |
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  Istanbul  Istanbul  Istanbul |
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| Country |  Turkey |
| Region | Marmara |
| Province | Istanbul |
| Provincial seat | Cağaloğlu, Fatih |
| Districts | 39 |
| Government | |
| - Type | Mayor–council government |
| - Mayor | Nuri Aslan (acting) (Template:Polparty) |
| Population (31 December 2024)[1] | |
| - Metropolitan municipality aur province | 15,701,602 |
| - Urban | 15,340,111 |
| Population rank | 1st |
| - Demonym | Istanbulite |
| GDP Nominal (2023) [2][3] | |
| - Metropolitan municipality and province | ₺ 8,060 billion US$ 340.4 billion |
| - Per capita | ₺ 510,733 US$ 21,741 |
| Time zone | TRT (UTC+3) |
| Postal code | 34000 to 34990 |
| ISO 3166 code | TR-34 |
| Vehicle registration | 34 |
| GeoTLD | .ist, .istanbul |
| Website | |
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Istanbul, Turkey ke sab se barraa city hae jon ki 1923 talak Ottoman Empire ke capital rahaa. Ii city purana time me Byzantium aur Constantinople ke naam se jaanajaawat rahaa. Ii ek seaport hae aur Turkey ke khaas trade kare waala centre hae.
Istanbul ke aage Golden Horn aur Bosporus strait hae. Bosphorus, Black Sea aure Sea of Marmara ke jorre hae aur, Europe aur Asia ke separate kare hae. Ii city duuno Europe aur Asia me hae. Iske abaadi 11 aur 15 million ke biich me hae.
Iske pahila naam Greek me Byzantion aur Latin me Byzantium rahaa. Byzantium ke pahila dafe 667BC me Greek log aae ke base rahin. 196 AD me , Byzantium ke Romans log barbaad kar diin rahaa lekin baad me iske Roman Emperor Septimius Severus fir se banais. Constantine the Great sochis ki ii city ek achchhaa jagah pe hae aur 330 AD me Rome ke capital ke hian pe move kar diis rahaa, jiske suruu me New Roma bola jaawat rahaa lekin baad me iske naam badal ke Constantinople (Constantinopolis Greek bhasa me), rakh newa gais.
Jab Roman Empire ke dui bhaag me baat dewa gais tab ii city East Roman Empire, jiske Byzantine Empire ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rhaa, ke capital banaa. Iske kuch din talak Crusaders log occupy kar liin rahaa lekin ii bahut din talak Europe ke ek political, cultural, religious aur economical center rahaa jab talak ii 1453 me Ottoman Turks ke niche nai aais.
| TIstanbul ke Turkish citizens me Ethnic groups(2019 KONDA survey) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Turks | 78% | ||
| Kurds | 17% | ||
| Zazas | 1% | ||
| Arabs | 1% | ||
| Others | 3% | ||
Itihaas
[badlo | source ke badlo]Neolithic chij jiske 21st century ke suruwaat me paawa gais rahaa, ii dekhae hae ki Istanbul ke peninsula me log 6th millennium BC se rahe hae.[4] Uu puraana basti, jon Neolithic Revolution ke Near East se Europe lae jaae me jaruri rahaa, ek millennium talak chalaa rahaa, jab samundar ke paani se baarr ke kaaran ii jagha paani ke niche hoe gais rahaa.[5][4][6][7] Asia ke bagal ke pahila insaan ke basti, Fikirtepe mound, Copper Age ke hae, jiske chij ke 5500 se 2500 BC date karaa gais hae.[8] Europe ke bagal, peninsula ke tip me, 1st millennium BCE me ek Thracian basti rahaa. Aaj-kal ke lekhak iske Thracian toponum "Lygos" se link karis hae,[9] aur iske Pliny the Elder Byzantium ke pahila waala naam batais hae.[10]
Chaapa
[badlo | source ke badlo]
Bahaari jorr
[badlo | source ke badlo]- Audioguide Seslirehber Istanbul Turkey Archived 2017-09-13 at the Wayback Machine
- Extensive information on Architect Sinan's works in Istanbul
- ↑ "The Results of Address Based Population Registration System, 2024". www.tuik.gov.tr. Turkish Statistical Institute. 6 February 2025. Retrieved 6 February 2025.
- ↑ "GDP by Provinces, 2023 - İstanbul had the highest share of GDP with 30.4% (Tables 1 and 3)". www.tuik.gov.tr. Turkish Statistical Institute. 12 December 2024. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ↑ "Ulusal Hesaplar - Kişi başına GSYH ($)" [National Accounts - GDP per capita ($)]. www.tuik.gov.tr (in Turkish). Turkish Statistical Institute. Retrieved 12 December 2024.
- ↑ 4.0 4.1 Rainsford, Sarah. "Istanbul's ancient past unearthed", BBC, 10 January 2009. Retrieved on 29 Mai 2021.
- ↑ Algan, O.; Yalçın, M.N.K.; Özdoğan, M.; Yılmaz, Y.C.; Sarı, E.; Kırcı-Elmas, E.; Yılmaz, İ.; Bulkan, Ö. et al. (2011). "Holocene coastal change in the ancient harbor of Yenikapı–İstanbul and its impact on cultural history". Quaternary Research 76 (1): 30. doi:10.1016/j.yqres.2011.04.002. ISSN 0033-5894.
- ↑ "Bu keşif tarihi değiştirir". hurriyet.com.tr. 3 October 2008.
- ↑ "Marmaray kazılarında tarih gün ışığına çıktı". fotogaleri.hurriyet.com.tr. Archived from the original on 18 November 2015. Retrieved 21 June 2015.
- ↑ "Cultural Details of Istanbul". Republic of Turkey, Minister of Culture and Tourism. Archived from the original on 12 September 2007. Retrieved 2 October 2007.
- ↑ Janin, Raymond (1964). Constantinople byzantine. Paris: Institut Français d'Études Byzantines. pp. 10ff.
- ↑
"Pliny the Elder, book IV, chapter XI:
"On leaving the Dardanelles we come to the Bay of Casthenes, ... and the promontory of the Golden Horn, on which is the town of Byzantium, a free state, formerly called Lygos; it is 711 miles from Durazzo, ..."". Archived from the original on 1 January 2017. Retrieved 21 June 2015.CS1 maint: unfit url (link)