Simón Bolívar
Simón Bolívar | |
 Posthumous portrait, 1922 | |
| In office 16 February 1819 – 27 April 1830 | |
| Preceded by | Estanislao Vergara y Sanz de Santamaría |
| Succeeded by | Domingo Caycedo |
| In office 10 February 1824 – 27 January 1827 | |
| Preceded by | José Bernardo de Tagle |
| Succeeded by | José de La Mar |
| In office 6 August 1825 – 29 December 1825 | |
| Preceded by | Office established |
| Succeeded by | Antonio José de Sucre |
| Janam | 24 July 1783 Caracas, Captaincy General of Venezuela |
| Maut | 17 December 1830 (aged 47) Santa Marta, Gran Colombia |
| Nationality |
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| Spouse | María Teresa Rodríguez del Toro y Alaysa (m. 1802; d. 1803) |
| Domestic partner | Manuela Sáenz |
| Signature |  |
Simón Bolívar (1783 - 1830) ek Venezuela ke military commander rahaa. Uske janam Caracas, Venezuela me bhaes rahaa. Uu South America ke dher des ke Spain se ajaadi dewais rahaa. Kuchh din talak uu Gran Colombia ke president rahaa, ek des jon ki abhi nai hae. Bolivia des ke naam Bolívar se aais hae.
Bachpan ke din aur palwaar
[badlo | source ke badlo]Simón Bolívar ke janam 24 July 1783 me Caracas, Venzuela ke capital me bhais rahaa. Uu Juan Vicente Bolívar y Ponte aur María de la Concepción Palacios y Blanco ke chauthaa aur sab se chhotaa larrkaa rahaa. Bolívar palwaar ke ke pahila jan jon Americas migrate bhais rahaa ke bhi wahii naam rahaa, aur ek chhotaar Spanish governmental official rahaa, jon Spain ke Basque Country me ek notaray rahaa, aur Venezuela me 1580s me aais rahaa. Pahila Simón de Bolívar ke descendants colonial bureaucracy me kaam kare rahin aur Caracas ke dhani palwaar me saadi kare rahin . Jab Simón Bolívar paida bhais rahaa, Bolívar palwaar ek sab se dhani aur jaana-maana creole palwaar Spanish Americas me rahaa.
Simón Bolívar ke bachpan ke British historian John Lynch describe karis hae: "at once privileged and deprived."[3] Juan Vicente tuberculosis se 19 January 1786 me mar gais rahaa,[4] María de la Concepción Palacios aaur uske pitaji ke chhorr ke, Feliciano Palacios y Sojo,[4] legal guardians ke ruup me Bolívar ke larrkan ke inheritances ke uppar.[5] Ii larrkan – María Antonia (janam 1777), Juana (janam 1779), Juan Vicente (janam 1781), aur Simón[6] – ke ek duusre aur uu logan ke maiyaa se alag paala gais rahaa aur custom ke anusaar African house slaves se;[7] Simón ke ek slave jiske naam Hipólita rahaa, paalis rahaa jiske uu aapan maiyaa-baap maanat rahaa.[8] 6 July 1792 me,[9] María de la Concepción bhi tuberculosis se mar gais rahaa.[5] II biswas kar ke ki uske palwaar Bolívars ke dhan ke inherit karii,[10] Feliciano Palacios ek saadi María Antonia aur Juana ke biich me arrange kar diis rahaa,[11] aur 5 December 1793 me mare se pahile,[12] Juan Vicente aur Simón ke custody aapan larrka log, Juan Félix Palacios aur Carlos Palacios y Blanco, respectively ke diis rahaa.[11] Bolívar Carlos Palacios ke hate karat rahaa,[13] jiske larrkan pe koi interest nai rahaa, aur khaali uu logan ke inheritance pe.[4]
Parrhai aur Europe ke pahila yatra: 1793–1802
[badlo | source ke badlo]Jab uu chhotaa rahaa, tab Bolívar madmas rahaa[5] aur parrhai me dhyan nai dewat rahaa.[10] Uske maiyaa ke mare se pahile, uu dui saal Venezuelan lawyer Miguel José Sanz ke tutelage ke niche rahaa at the direction of the Real Audiencia of Caracas, the Spanish court of appeals Caracas me.[5] 1793 me, Carlos, Bolívar ke ek rudimentary primary school me bharti karis jiske Venezuelan educator Simón Rodríguez chalaawat rahaa.[14] June 1795 me, Bolívar aapan uncle ke ghar se bhaag ke aapan bahini ahe jija ke lage gais rahaa.[8] Ii duuno uske aapn ghare rakkhe maangat rahin,[15] lekin Real Audiencia ii matter ke Palacios ke gavour me decide karis, aur Simón ke bhejis Rodríguez ke saathe rahe ke khaatir.[8]
Huan pe dui mahina rahe ke baad, Real Audiencia direct karis ki uske Palacios ke palwaar waala ghar lautara jaae.[11] Bolívar, Real Audiencia ke promise karis ki uu aapan parrhai me dhyan lagai aur baad me Rodríguez aur Venezuelan intellectuals Andrés Bello aur Francisco de Andújar uske fulltime parrhae lagin.[8] 1797 me, Rodríguez ke connection pro-independence Gual and España conspiracy ke kaaran uske exile me jaae ke parraa rahaa,[8] aur Bolívar ke ek honorary militia force me enrol karaa gais rahaa. Jab ek saal ke baad uske ek officer commission karaa gais rahaa,[8] uske uncle log Carlos aur Esteban Palacios y Blanco decide karin ki uske Madrid bheja jaae.[14] Huan pw, Esteban, Queen Maria Luisa's favorite, Manuel Mallo ke friend rahaa.[16]
19 January 1799 me, Bolívar Spanish warship San Ildefonso ke port of La Guaira me board karis,[8] jon Cádiz jaawat rahaa.[17] Uu Santoña pahuncha, Spain ke north coast pe , May 1799 me.[18] Ek haftaa ke baad,[16] uu Madrid pahuncha aur Esteban ke joi kar liis,[14] jon Bolívar ke "unparr" paais.[5] Esteban Gerónimo Enrique de Uztáriz y Tovar, ek Caracas ke native aur government official ke puchhis ki uu Bolívar ke parrhae.[19][20] Bolívar Uztáriz ke ghare February 1800 me jaae ke rahe lagaa jahaan pe uu Classics, literature, aur social studies parrhis rahaa.[21][5]
Duusra websites
[badlo | source ke badlo]- Simon Bolivar Archived 2007-06-28 at the Wayback Machine
References
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ "Ley Disponiendo Que El Ejecutivo Comunique A Bolívar La Abolición De La Constitución Vitalicia Y La Elección De Presidente De La República, 22 de Junio de 1827" (in Spanish). Congress of Peru. 22 June 1827. Retrieved 29 March 2023.Template:Fix/category[dead link]
- ↑ "Se enciende el debate por el cargo de Simón Bolívar", El Día, 19 December 2011. (in es)
- ↑ Lynch 2006, p. 7.
- 1 2 3 Langley, 2009 & Arana 2013.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 Masur et al.
- ↑ Slatta & de Grummond 2003, p. 11.
- ↑ Masur 1969, pp. 22–23.
- 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Masur et al.
- ↑ Langley 2009.
- 1 2 Arana 2013, p. 25.
- 1 2 3 Masur, 1969 & Arana 2013.
- ↑ Slatta & de Grummond 2003, p. 13.
- ↑ Lynch 2006, p. 17.
- 1 2 3 Lynch, 2006 & Arana 2013.
- ↑ Arana 2013, p. 32.
- 1 2 Arana 2013.
- ↑ Arana 2013, p. 37.
- ↑ Lynch 2006.
- ↑ Arana 2013, p. 44.
- ↑ Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011, pp. 17–18.
- ↑ Cardozo Uzcátegui 2011, pp. 14, 19.
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