Pusi

Pusi
	Kuchh pusi
Conservation status
	Paaltu
Scientific classification
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Chordata
Class:	Mammalia
Order:	Carnivora
Family:	Felidae
Genus:	Felis
Species:	F. catus
Synonyms
	Billi

Pusi (Felis catus), jiske domestic cat nai to house cat ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, ek chhotaa paaltu maasahari jaanwar hae. Ii palwaar ke khaali ek paaltu species hae. Archaeology aur genetics me pragati ii dekhais hae ki pusi ke paaltu Near East me lagbhag 7500 BC me karaa gais rahaa. Iske jaada kar ke ek paaltu aur kaam kare waala pusi ke rakam rakkhaa jaawe hae. Kabhi-kabhi ii pusi ghar se bahaar rahe lage hae aur jangli pusi ke rakam rahe hae aur insaan ke avoid kare hae. Pusi ke insaan uske bhaaichaara ke khaatir value karaa jaawe hae, aur iske vermin ke maare ke ability ke khaatir bhi. Iske bhittar kare waala panjaa chhotaa jaanwar jaiae muus ke maare me achchaa kaam me aawe hae. Pusi ke lage tagrraa, lachiila (flexible) dehin, jhat se reflexes, aur chook daant, aur raat me dekhe ke yogtaa aur suubghe ke abikity ekdam achchhaa hae. Ek pusi duusra ke saathe achchhaa se rahe le hae, lekin akele sikar kare hae aur aapan sikar ke uppar chppe se attack kare hae.

Pusi ke akalmandi dekha jaawe hae uske ability hae taal-mel (adapt) kare ke, dekh ke sikhe hae, aur samasya ke samadhaan kare hae. Research ii dekhais hae ki pusi ke lage achchhaa yaadgaar hae, neuroplasticity dekhae hae, aur dimaag ek chhotaa bachaa ke rakam dekhae hae. Jon rakam se pusi communicatie kare hae, me hae meow karnaa, kharaata lenaa, tharrtharraana, siskaari bharnaa, garajnaa, ghurghuraana, aur sariir ke bhaasa. Ek pusi uu awaaj ke sune sake hae jon kamjor nai to bahut uppar rahe hae insaan ke kaan ke khaatir, jaise uu awaaj jon chhota-chhota jaanwar kare hae. Ii pheromone ke secretes aur perceive kare hae.

Female pusi, temperate jagha me spring se autumn talak bachchaa de hae, aur garam des me saal bhar bachchaa de sake hae. Ii ek dafe dui se paanch bachchaa de hae. Pusi ke fancy shos ke khaatir bhi breed karaa jaawe hae. Pusi ke abaadi ke bas me kare ke khaatir spaying aur neutering karaa jaawe hae, lekin log pusi ke kula chorr de hae aur isse chirriyaa, jaanwar aur bustuinyaa ke abaadi pe dher asar parraa hae.

Pusi ke dunia bhar me paawa jaawe hae lekin iske pet ke rakam sab des me ek rakam nai rakkhaa jaawe hae. Dunia bhar ke 600 million pusi me se 400 million Asia me rahe hae, jisme 58 million pet pusi China me hae. United States me sab se jaada log pusi ke pet ke rakam rakkhe hae, jon abhi 73.8 million pusi hae. United Kingdom me lagbhag 10.9 million paaltu pusi hae.

Evolution

Paaltu pusi, palwaar ke hae, jiske lagbhag 10 se 15 million saal pahile ek common ancestor rahaa.^[1] Felidae ke evolution Asia me suruu bhais rahaa 8,38 se 14.45 million saal pahile. ^[2] Mitochondrial DNA ke analysis ii dekhae hae ki sab Felidae species 6.46 se 16.76 million saal pahile radiate bhae rahin.^[3] genus Felis, Felidae se genetically diverged bhais lagbhag 6 se 7 million saal pahile. ^[2] Phylogenetic research ke natija ii dekhae hae ki ii genus ke jangli members sympatric nai to parapatric speciation ke kaaran evolve bhain lekin pusi artificial selection se evolve bhais rahaa.^[4] Pusi aur iske nagiich sab se nagiich ke ke janglii ancestor hae diploid aur duuno ke 38 chromosomes hae^[5] aur lagbhag 20,000 genes hae.^[6]

Phylogenetic relationships of the domestic cat as derived through analysis of

Felidae

Pantherinae

Felinae

other Felinae lineages

Felis

Jungle cat (F. chaus)

Black-footed cat (F. nigripes)

Sand cat (F. margarita)

	Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)

	African wildcat (F. lybica)

	European wildcat (F. silvestris)

	Domestic cat

Felis

Sand cat (F. margarita)

Chinese mountain cat (F. bieti)

European wildcat (F. silvestris)

African wildcat

Southern African wildcat (F. l. cafra)

Asiatic wildcat (F. l. ornata)

	Near Eastern wildcat

	Domestic cat

Characteristics

Size

Pusi ke khoprri aur pasri Europe ke jangli pusi se chhotaa hae.^[7] Ii average kare hae lagbhag 46 cm (18 in) head-to-body ke lambaai me aur 23–25 cm (9.1–9.8 in) uunchaai me, aur lagbhag 30 cm (12 in) lambaa puunch. Pusa log pusi se barraaa rahe hae.^[8] Barra pusi ke wajan lagbhag 4–5 kg (8.8–11.0 lb) rahe hae.^[4]

References

↑ Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997). "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution 44 (S1): S98–S116. doi:10.1007/PL00000060. PMID 9071018. https://zenodo.org/record/1232587. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
1 2 3 Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science 311 (5757): 73–77. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. https://zenodo.org/record/1230866. Retrieved 1 October 2018.
1 2 Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.
1 2 Mattern, M.Y.; McLennan, D.A. (2000). "Phylogeny and speciation of Felids". Cladistics 16 (2): 232–253. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x. PMID 34902955.
↑ Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five Mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". Chromosome Research 10 (3): 209–222. doi:10.1023/A:1015292005631. PMID 12067210.
↑ Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R.; Agencourt Sequencing Team (2007). "Initial sequence and comparative analysis of the cat genome". Genome Research 17 (11): 1675–1689. doi:10.1101/gr.6380007. PMC 2045150. PMID 17975172.
↑ O'Connor, T. P. (2007). "Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat Felis silvestris". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 17 (6): 581–595. doi:10.1002/oa.913. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf. Retrieved 20 January 2019.
↑ Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). "Domestic cat". Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press. pp. 99–112. ISBN 9780226779997. https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA99.

[Johnson_1997-1] Johnson, W. E.; O'Brien, S. J. (1997). "Phylogenetic Reconstruction of the Felidae Using 16S rRNA and NADH-5 Mitochondrial Genes". Journal of Molecular Evolution 44 (S1): S98–S116. doi:10.1007/PL00000060. PMID 9071018. https://zenodo.org/record/1232587. Retrieved 1 October 2018.

[Johnson2006-2] 1 2 3 Johnson, W. E.; Eizirik, E.; Pecon-Slattery, J.; Murphy, W. J.; Antunes, A.; Teeling, E.; O'Brien, S. J. (2006). "The late Miocene radiation of modern Felidae: A genetic assessment". Science 311 (5757): 73–77. doi:10.1126/science.1122277. PMID 16400146. https://zenodo.org/record/1230866. Retrieved 1 October 2018.

[Li_al2016-3] 1 2 Li, G.; Davis, B. W.; Eizirik, E.; Murphy, W. J. (2016). "Phylogenomic evidence for ancient hybridization in the genomes of living cats (Felidae)". Genome Research 26 (1): 1–11. doi:10.1101/gr.186668.114. PMC 4691742. PMID 26518481.

[Mattern-4] 1 2 Mattern, M.Y.; McLennan, D.A. (2000). "Phylogeny and speciation of Felids". Cladistics 16 (2): 232–253. doi:10.1111/j.1096-0031.2000.tb00354.x. PMID 34902955.

[Nie_2002-5] Nie, W.; Wang, J.; O'Brien, P. C. (2002). "The genome phylogeny of domestic cat, red panda and five Mustelid species revealed by comparative chromosome painting and G-banding". Chromosome Research 10 (3): 209–222. doi:10.1023/A:1015292005631. PMID 12067210.

[Pontius2007-6] Pontius, J. U.; Mullikin, J. C.; Smith, D. R.; Agencourt Sequencing Team (2007). "Initial sequence and comparative analysis of the cat genome". Genome Research 17 (11): 1675–1689. doi:10.1101/gr.6380007. PMC 2045150. PMID 17975172.

[OConnor-7] O'Connor, T. P. (2007). "Wild or domestic? Biometric variation in the cat Felis silvestris". International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 17 (6): 581–595. doi:10.1002/oa.913. http://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/3700/1/OConnor_Cats-IJOA-submitted.pdf. Retrieved 20 January 2019.

[WCoW-8] Sunquist, M.; Sunquist, F. (2002). "Domestic cat". Wild Cats of the World. University of Chicago Press. pp. 99–112. ISBN 9780226779997. https://books.google.com/books?id=hFbJWMh9-OAC&pg=PA99.

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