Ottoman Samrajya
| Ottoman Samrajya | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Ottoman Empire Osmanlı İmparatorluğu دولت عالیه عثمانیه Devlet-i Âliye-yi Osmâniyye' | |||
| |||
| Des ke jaankari | |||
| National anthem: | None | ||
| Log ke baare me | |||
| Official bhasa: | {{{officiallanguages}}} | ||
| Abaadi: | |||
| - Total: | {{{populationtotal}}} | ||
| Jagha | |||
 | |||
| Capital City: | Söğüt (1299–1326) Bursa (1326–1365) Edirne (1365–1453) Constantinople (1453–1922) | ||
| Sab se barraa City: | {{{countrylargestcity}}} | ||
| Area | |||
| - Total: | 20,000,000 km² (7,123,562 sq mi) | ||
| Politics / Government | |||
| Economy / Money | |||
| Paisa ke naam: | Akçe, Kuruş, Lira | ||
| International information | |||
| Time ke zone: | {{{utcoffset}}} | ||
| Telephone ke dialing code: | {{{dialingcode}}} | ||
| Internet domain: | {{{internettld}}} | ||
The Ottoman Empire , jiske Turkish Empire ke naam se bhi jaana jaawat rahaa,[1][2] ek dynasty rahaa jon 1517 me Mamluk Sultanate ke harae ke suruu bhais rahaa, aur jon 1924 me Grand NAtional Assembly of Turkey abolish karis rahaa. Ii Empire 14th century se lae ke 20th century ke sruwaat talak Southeast Europe, West Asia aur North Africa ke control karis rahaa. 16th aur 18th century ke suruwaat talak ii Central Europe ke bhi control karis rahaa.[3][4][5]
Ii empire Anatolian beyliks se suruu bhais rahaa, jiske lagbhag 1299 me ek Turkoman tribal neta, Osman I suruu karis rahaa. Uske descendents log Anatolia ke dher ilaaka ke aapan niche kar liin rahaa aur 14th century ke biich me Balkans me bhi fael gain rahaa. Ii Ottoman log 1453 me Constantinople ke conquer kar ke Byzantine Empire ke khalaas kr diin rahaa. Iske uu log aapan capital banain aur naam ke badal ke Istanbul rakhin. Hian se uu log Mediterranean Basin ke jaada ilaaka ke control karin aur Europe aue Middle East ke biich me chhe century talak link rahaa. Selim I aur Suleiman the Magnificent ke raj ke time ii empire ek global power rahaa.[6]
18th century ke ant me Otttoman Empire ke dher military haar ke sahe ke parraa, jisse Balkans me kuchh nawaa des banaa. 1876 me hian pe constitutional monarchy ke banae ke kosis karaa gais rahaa, lekin ii nai chalaa.
19th century ke ant talak parrha-likha log, jiske Young Turks bola jaawat rahaa, des ke westernise kare ke kosis karin. Isse 1908 me fir se constitutional monarchy banaawa gais. Lekin Balkan me larrai me haar ke kaaran, 1913 me ek coup bhais aur dictatorship fir se aae gais.
19th aur 20th century ke suruwaat me, jaise ii empire territory ke khois, Balkans, Caucasus aur Crimea me, tab huan ke Muslim abhi ke Turkey waala jagha aae ke rahe lagin.
Naam
[badlo | source ke badlo]"Ottoman" ke Turkish bhasa waala sabd ke 14th century e Osman ke chela log ke bola jaawat rahaa. Baad me ii sabd ke Empire ke raj kare waala elite ke dewa gais rahaa. "Turk" sabd ke Anatolia me rahe waala tribal abaadi aur peasants ke dewa jaawat rahaa aur iske des ke sahar me rahe waalae aur parrha-likha log niichaa samjhat rahin.[7]Template:Rp[8] Pahile parrha-likha aur town me rahe waala log apne ke "Rumi" bolat rahin, jiske matlab "Roman" hae, jiske matlab rahaa jon log pahile ke Byzantine Empire me rahat rahin.[9]
Western Europe me Ottoman Empire, Turkish Empire aur Turkey ke ekke matlab maana jaawat rahaa, aur baad me Turkey ke jaada kaam me laawa jaat rahaa.[10]
Duusra websites
[badlo | source ke badlo]- The Ottoman Empire: A Chronogical Outline
- The Ottoman Empire: The Eternal State Archived 2009-10-25 at the Wayback Machine
- Ottoman Website
- The Ottoman Empire Map of Europe in year 1600 with a detailed view of the Empire.
- History of Turkish Empire — Gives detailed timetable.
- World Civilizations: The Ottomans — a comprehensive site that covers much about the Ottoman state and government
- Capitals of Ottoman Empire — covers the different Ottoman capitals
- Turkish Oral Narrative
- Information about Ottomans
- Forced abaadi transfers in early Ottoman imperial policy Archived 2008-10-29 at the Wayback Machine - covers the period 1300-1600
- ↑ P., E. A. (1916). "Review of The Caliph's Last Heritage: A Short History of the Turkish Empire". The Geographical Journal 47 (6): 470–472. doi:10.2307/1779249. ISSN 0016-7398. https://www.jstor.org/stable/1779249. Retrieved 10 July 2022.
- ↑ Baykara, Prof. Tuncer (2017). "A Study into the Concepts of Turkey and Turkistan which were used for the Ottoman State in XIXth Century". Journal of Atatürk and the History of Turkish Republic 1: 179–190. https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/330026. Retrieved 26 March 2024.
- ↑ Ingrao, Charles, ed. (12 August 2011). The Peace of Passarowitz, 1718. Purdue University Press. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wq7kw.12. ISBN 978-1-61249-179-0. http://www.jstor.org/stable/j.ctt6wq7kw. Retrieved 26 December 2023.
- ↑ Szabó, János B. (2019). "The Ottoman Conquest in Hungary: Decisive Events (Belgrade 1521, Mohács 1526, Vienna 1529, Buda 1541) and Results" (in en). The Battle for Central Europe. Brill. pp. 263–275. doi:10.1163/9789004396234_013. ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4. https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004396234/BP000013.xml. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ↑ Moačanin, Nenad (2019). "The Ottoman Conquest and Establishment in Croatia and Slavonia" (in en). The Battle for Central Europe. Brill. pp. 277–286. doi:10.1163/9789004396234_014. ISBN 978-90-04-39623-4. https://brill.com/display/book/edcoll/9789004396234/BP000014.xml. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
- ↑
- (Howard 2016, p. 45)
- (Somel 2010, p. xcvii)
- ↑ Ágoston, Gábor (2009). "Introduction". In Ágoston, Gábor. Encyclopedia of the Ottoman Empire.
- ↑ Imber, Colin (2009). The Ottoman Empire, 1300–1650: The Structure of Power (2 ed.). New York: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 3. "By the seventeenth century, literate circles in Istanbul would not call themselves Turks, and often, in phrases such as 'senseless Turks', used the word as a term of abuse."
- ↑ Kafadar, Cemal (2007). "A Rome of One's Own: Cultural Geography and Identity in the Lands of Rum". Muqarnas 24.
- ↑ Soucek, Svat (2015). Ottoman Maritime Wars, 1416–1700. Istanbul: The Isis Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-975-428-554-3. "The scholarly community specializing in Ottoman studies has of late virtually banned the use of "Turkey", "Turks", and "Turkish" from acceptable vocabulary, declaring "Ottoman" and its expanded use mandatory and permitting its "Turkish" rival only in linguistic and philological contexts."