Louis Pasteur
| Louis Pasteur | |
|---|---|
 Nadar ke utaara gais chhaapa, 1895 | |
| Born | 27 December 1822 Dole, France |
| Died | 28 September 1895 (aged 72) Marnes-la-Coquette, France |
| Fields | |
| Institutions |
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| Notable students | Charles Friedel[1] |
| Known for | Anthrax vaccine Cholera vaccine Rabies vaccine Chirality Dextran Fermentation theory Galactose Germ theory of disease Kinetic resolution Koch–Pasteur rivalry Liebig–Pasteur dispute Pasteurization Pasteur effect Pasteur pipette Pasteur–Chamberland filter Racemic acid Spontaneous generation Swan neck flask Stereochemistry Zymology |
| Notable awards |
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Signature | |
Louis Pasteur (27 December 1822 – 28 September 1895) ek French microbiologist aur chemist rahaa. Uu aur uske aurat, Marie, ke "germ theory of disease", ke khatir experiment kare ke khatir jaana jaawe hae. Uu pahila jan rahaa jon ki rabies ke khatir vaccination banais rahaa. Uu chemistry me dher chij discover karis rahaa, khaas taur pe crystals ke symmetry aur different shapes. Uske dudh aur wine ke dher din talak rajhe ke system banae khatir bhi jaana jaawe hae. Iske pasteurization bola jaawe hae.
Bachpan ke din aur sikchhaa
[badlo | source ke badlo]
Louis Pasteur ke janam 27 December 1822 me, Dole, Jura, France me bhais rahaa, ek Catholic palwaar me garib tanner rahaa.[3] Uu Jean-Joseph Pasteur aur Jeanne-Etiennette Roqui ke tiisra larrkaa rahaa. Uske palwaar Marnoz me 1826 aur Arbois me 1827 me rahe ke gay rahin.[4][5] Pasteur, primary school 1831 me suruu karis rahaa.[6] Uu dyslexic aur dysgraphic rahaa.[7][8][9]Template:Dubious
Uu aapan bachpan me ek average student rahaa, aur parrhai me achchhaa nai rahaa, kaaheki uske dil fishing aur sketching me rahaa.[3] Uu dher pastels aur chhaapa aapan mai-baap, dost and parrosi ke banais rahaa.[10] Pasteur secondary school, Collège d'Arbois me parrhis rahaa.[11] October 1838 me uu Paris gais ek boarding school me bharti hoe ke khaatir, lekin homesick hoe gais aur November me laut gais rahaa.[12]
1839 me uu, Collège Royal, Besançon me bharti hoe ke philosophy parrhe lagaa aur aapan Bachelor of Letters degree ke 1840 me paais rahaa.[13] Uske Besançon college ke ek tutor banaawa gais rahaa jab uu degree science course with special mathematics parrhat rahaa.[14] Uu aapan pahila examination, 1841 me fail hoe gais rahaa. Uu baccalauréat scientifique (general science) degree Dijon se karis, jahaan uske Bachelor of Science in Mathematics degree (Bachelier ès Sciences Mathématiques), 1842 me mila rahaa,[15] lekin uske grade chemistry me average rahaa.[16]
Baad me, 1842 me, Pasteur École Normale Supérieure ke test liis rahaa.[17] Test ke time, uske thakaan se larre ke parraa aur khaali physics aur mathematics achchhaa se karis rahaa.[18] Uu aapan pahila set of tests se pass kar liis, lekin kaaheki uske ranking low rahaa, Pasteur decide karis ki uu agle saal fir se kosis karii.[19] Uu Paris ke boarding school lautis aur test ke taiyaari kare lagaa. Uu aapan classes ke Lycée Saint-Louis me aur lectures Jean-Baptiste Dumas Sorbonne me parrhis rahaa.[20] 1843 me uu test ke high ranking se pass karis aur École Normale Supérieure ke join karis.[21] Baad me, uu Jean-Baptiste Boussingault, Conservatoire national des arts et métiers ke student rahaa.[22] 1845 me uske licencié ès sciences degree milaa.[23] 1846 me uske professor of physics Collège de Tournon, Ardèche me, banaawa gais rahaa. Lekin chemist Antoine Jérôme Balard uske maangat rahaa École Normale Supérieure me ek graduate laboratory assistant (agrégé préparateur) ke ruup me.[24] Uu Balard join karis simultaneously started his research in crystallography and i, aur uu ekke saathe 1847 me aapan theses, ek chemistry me aur duusra physics me: (a) Chemistry Thesis: "Recherches sur la capacité de saturation de l'acide arsénieux. Etudes des arsénites de potasse, de soude et d'ammoniaque."; (b) Physics Thesis: "1. Études des phénomènes relatifs à la polarisation rotatoire des liquides. 2. Application de la polarisation rotatoire des liquides à la solution de diverses questions de chimie." karis rahaa[25][23][26]
- ↑ Asimov, Asimov's Biographical Encyclopedia of Science and Technology 2nd Revised edition
- ↑ "II. Abdülhamid'in Fransız kimyagere yaptığı yardım ortaya çıktı". CNN Türk. Archived from the original on 26 December 2018. Retrieved 29 December 2016.
- 1 2 Template:CathEncy
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 6–7. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA6.
- ↑ Robbins, Louise (2001). Louis Pasteur and the Hidden World of Microbes. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-512227-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=qUHuafXKKBEC&pg=PA14.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 8. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA8.
- ↑ Phillips, Cynthia; Priwer, Shana (2018). 101 Things You Didn't Know about Einstein: Sex, Science, and the Secrets of the Universe. Adams Media. p. 21.
- ↑ Geffner, Donna (2013). "Famous People with Learning Disabilities". Gemm Learning. Archived from the original on 3 January 2023. Retrieved 3 January 2023.
- ↑ Thomson, Oliver (2013). A Short History of Human Error. Arena Books Ltd. p. 92. ISBN 978-1909421264.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA12.
- ↑ Robbins, Louise (2001). Louis Pasteur and the Hidden World of Microbes. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-19-512227-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=qUHuafXKKBEC&pg=PA15.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA11.
- ↑ Keim, Albert; Lumet, Louis (1914). Louis Pasteur. Frederick A. Stokes Company. pp. 10, 12. https://archive.org/stream/louispasteur00keim#page/10/mode/2up.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 14, 17. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA14.
- ↑ "Louis Pasteur (1822–1895) | ENS". www.ens.psl.eu. Archived from the original on 30 October 2021. Retrieved 30 October 2021.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA19.
- ↑ Robbins, Louise (2001). Louis Pasteur and the Hidden World of Microbes. New York: Oxford University Press. p. 18. ISBN 978-0-19-512227-5. https://books.google.com/books?id=qUHuafXKKBEC&pg=PA18.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (27 November 2000) (in en). Louis Pasteur. JHU Press. pp. 21. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 20–21. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA20.
- ↑ Keim, Albert; Lumet, Louis (1914). Louis Pasteur. Frederick A. Stokes Company. pp. 15–17. https://archive.org/stream/louispasteur00keim#page/14/mode/2up.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 23–24. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA24.
- ↑ Legros, Jean-Paul (1998). D'Olivier de Serres à René Dumont : portraits d'agronomes. Paris: Technique et documentation. ISBN 2-7430-0289-1.
- 1 2 Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 502. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9.
- ↑ Debré, Patrice (2000). Louis Pasteur. Baltimore: JHU Press. pp. 29–30. ISBN 978-0-8018-6529-9. https://books.google.com/books?id=RzOcl-FLw30C&pg=PA29.
- ↑ Louis Pasteur, Thèse de Chimie, Thèse de Physique. 1847. https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/bpt6k141151t/f29.image/. Retrieved 31 October 2021.
- ↑ Keim, Albert; Lumet, Louis (1914). Louis Pasteur. Frederick A. Stokes Company. pp. 28–29. https://archive.org/stream/louispasteur00keim#page/28/mode/2up.