Judo

Judo, jiske matlab "Gentle Way" hae Japan ke purana Samurai art Jiujitsu se aae hae. Ii 1964 se ek Olympic sport hae. Judo ke 1882 me Kano Jigoro suruu karis rahaa aur ii jujutsu se alag hae kaaheki isme opponent ke maarna aur hathuyaar ke nai kaam me laawa jaae hae.^[1] Judo uu time mashuur bhais jab iske Tokyo Metropolitan Police aapan khaas martial art banais. Judo ke practice kare waala ke :judoka" bola jaae hae aur judo ke uniform ke "judoki" bola jaae hae.

Judo me virodhi ke giraawa jaae hae, tabaawa jaae hae, nai to uske surrender karaawa jaae hae, lock nai to choke se. Jab ki maarna aur hathyaar ke kaam me laana kuch "kata" me hae, ii judo competition me illegal hae. Judo ke governing body International Judo Federation hae.

Judo waza (techniques)

Judo me tiin khaas technique hae: nage-waza (giraae waala technique), katame-waza (pakrre waala technique) aur atemi-waza (Maare waala technique).^[2] Judo ke jaada kae ke nage-waza aur katame-waza ke khaatir jaana jaae hae.^[3]

Judo ke practice kare waala log har ek practice session me ukemi (break-falls) ke practice kare hae, jaise ki nage-waza ke bina choot ke karaa jaae sake hae. Dher rakam ke ukemi hae; jaise ushiro ukemi (pichchhe ke bagal gire ke technique), yoko ukemi (side ke bagal gire ke technique), mai ukemi (aage ke bagal gire ke technique) aur zenpo kaiten ukemi (roll hoe ke gire ke technique)^[4] Waza kare waala ke tori bola jaae hae aur jispe ii perform karaa jaae hae ke uke bola jaae hae.^[5]

Nage-waza

Nage-waza me uu sab technique hae jisme tori, uke ke girae ke, nai to langi maare (trip) ke kosis kare hae, jisse uke aapan piithi (back) pe gire hae. Har ek technique me tiin hissa rahe hae:

Kuzushi: virodhi aapan balance khoe de hae^[6]
Tsukuri: ghuum ke throw me fit ho jaana^[7]
Kake: throw ke kar ke khalaas karna

Nage-waza ke aam taur pe drill karaa jaae hae uchi-komi ke kaam me laae kae, jaise ki throw ke kake ke level pe lai jaawa jaae hae.^[8]

Katame-waza

Katame-waza ke aur chhota hissa me me baata jaae hae: osaekomi-waza (pakkrre waala technique) jisme tori, uke ke pakarr ke uske piithi ke floor me dabae de hae, shime-waza (gatai dabaae waala technique) jisme tori, uke ke give-up kare ke khaatir uske saans le se roke hae, aur kansetsu-waza (joint technique) jisme tori, uske ke give-up karae hae, joints ke dabae ke.^[9]

Ii rakam ke ek aur technique hae ne-waza, jisme waza ke bina kharraa hoe ke apply karaa jaae hae.^[10]

*Juji gatame* (十字固, cross lock)(armbar), ek *kansetsu-waza*

Judo ke competition me kansetsu-waza ke ke khaali elbow me apply karaa jaae hae.^[11]

Atemi-waza

Atemi-waza me tori, uke ke ek vital point me maar ke disable kare hae. Atemi-waza ke kata se bahaar kaam me laae ke ijaajat nai hae.^[12]

References

↑ Kano, Jigoro (2005), Naoki, Murata (ed.), Mind Over Muscle: Writings from the founder of Judo, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha
↑ Daigo (2005) p. 8
↑ Numerous texts exist that describe the waza of judo in detail. Daigo (2005); Inokuma and Sato (1987); Kano (1994); Mifune (2004); and Ohlenkamp (2006) are some of the better examples
↑ Kano (1994) pp. 45–54
↑ Ishikawa and Draeger (1999) p. 179
↑ Kano (1994) pp. 42–43; Mifune (2004) pp. 41–43
↑ Kano (1994) pp. 42–43; Mifune (2004) pp. 41–43
↑ Takahashi (2005) pp. 39–43
↑ For full coverage of katame waza techniques extant in current judo competition rules, see Adams (1991), Kashiwazaki (1992) and Kashiwazaki (1997)
↑ Koizumi, Gunji. "Ne-waza (Groundwork) and Atemi-waza (blows) in Judo". Judo. Budokwai Judo Quarterly Bulletin. Retrieved 11 September 2012.
↑ Adams (1991)
↑ Daigo (2005) p. 9; Harrison (1952) pp. 162–168

Bibliography

Adams, Neil (1991), Armlocks, Judo Masterclass Techniques, London: Ippon Books
Cachia, Jeffrey (2009), Effective Judo, Sarasota, FL: Elite Publishing
Daigo, Toshiro (2005), Kodokan Judo Throwing Techniques, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International
De Crée, Carl (2015), "Kōdōkan jūdō's three orphaned forms of counter techniques – Part 3: The Katame-waza ura-no-kata ―"Forms of reversing controlling techniques"", Archives of Budo, 11: 155–174
De Crée, Carl (2012), The origin, inner essence, biomechanical fundamentals, and current teaching and performance anomalies of Kōdōkan jūdō's esoteric sixth kata: The Itsutsu-no-kata ―"Forms of five", Rome, Italy: University of Rome
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2009a), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Elusive Tenth Kata: The Gō-no-kata - "Forms of Proper Use of Force" - Part 1", Archives of Budo, 5: 55–73
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2009b), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Elusive Tenth Kata: The Gō-no-kata - "Forms of Proper Use of Force" - Part 2", Archives of Budo, 5: 74–82
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2009c), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Elusive Tenth Kata: The Gō-no-kata - "Forms of Proper Use of Force" - Part 3", Archives of Budo, 5: 83–95
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2011a), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Inauspicious Ninth Kata: The Joshi goshinhō - "Self-defense methods for females" - Part 1", Archives of Budo, 7: 105–123
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2011b), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Inauspicious Ninth Kata: The Joshi goshinhō - "Self-defense methods for females" - Part 2", Archives of Budo, 7: 125–137
De Crée, Carl; Jones, Llyr C. (2011c), "Kōdōkan Jūdō's Inauspicious Ninth Kata: The Joshi goshinhō - "Self-defense methods for females" - Part 3", Archives of Budo, 7: 137–139
Fromm, Alan; Soames, Nicolas (1982), Judo - The Gentle Way, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul
Fukuda, Keiko (2004), Ju-No-Kata, Berkeley, California: North Atlantic Books
Harrison, E. J. (1952), Manual of Judo, London: Foulsham
Hoare, Syd (2005), "Development of judo competition rules" (PDF), sydhoare.com, archived from the original (PDF) on July 1, 2019, retrieved September 16, 2012
Hoare, Syd (2009), A History of Judo, London: Yamagi Books
Inman, Roy (2005), The Judo Handbook, UK: Silverdale Books
Inokuma, Isao; Sato, Noboyuki (1987), Best Judo, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha International
Ishikawa, Takahiko; Draeger, Donn F. (1999), Judo Training Methods, Boston, Massachusetts: Tuttle Publishing
Itō, Kazuo (1970), Jūdō no nage- to katame-no-ura-waza, Tōkyō: Seibunkan Shoten
Jones, Llyr C.; Hanon, Michael J. (2010), "The way of kata in Kodokan Judo", Journal of Asian Martial Arts, 19: 8–37
Kano, Jigoro (1994), Kodokan Judo, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha
Kano, Jigoro (2005), Naoki, Murata (ed.), Mind Over Muscle: Writings from the founder of Judo, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha
Kano, Jigoro (2008), Watson, Brian N. (ed.), Judo Memoirs of Jigoro Kano, Victoria, BC: Trafford Publishing
Kashiwazaki, Katsuhiko (1992), Shimewaza, Judo Masterclass Techniques, London: Ippon Books
Kashiwazaki, Katsuhiko (1997), Osaekomi, Judo Masterclass Techniques, London: Ippon Books
Koizumi, Gunji (April 1947), "1936 Conversation with Jigoro Kano", Budokwai Bulletin
Law, Mark (2007), The Pyjama Game, A Journey Into Judo, London, UK: Aurum Press
Lowry, Dave (2006), In the dojo. A guide to the rituals and etiquette of the Japanese martial arts, Boston, MA: Weatherhill
Mifune, Kyuzo (2004), The Canon of Judo: Classic teachings on principles and techniques, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha
Ohlenkamp, Neil (2006), Judo Unleashed: Essential Throwing & Grappling Techniques for Intermediate to Advanced Martial Artists, Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill
Otaki, Tadao; Draeger, Donn F. (1997), Judo Formal Techniques: Complete guide to Kodokan randori no kata (reprint ed.), Clarendon, Vermont: Tuttle Publishing
Takahashi, Masao (2005), Mastering Judo, Champaign, Illinois: Human Kinetics

[1] Kano, Jigoro (2005), Naoki, Murata (ed.), Mind Over Muscle: Writings from the founder of Judo, Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha

[2] Daigo (2005) p. 8

[3] Numerous texts exist that describe the waza of judo in detail. Daigo (2005); Inokuma and Sato (1987); Kano (1994); Mifune (2004); and Ohlenkamp (2006) are some of the better examples

[4] Kano (1994) pp. 45–54

[5] Ishikawa and Draeger (1999) p. 179

[6] Kano (1994) pp. 42–43; Mifune (2004) pp. 41–43

[7] Kano (1994) pp. 42–43; Mifune (2004) pp. 41–43

[8] Takahashi (2005) pp. 39–43

[9] For full coverage of katame waza techniques extant in current judo competition rules, see Adams (1991), Kashiwazaki (1992) and Kashiwazaki (1997)

[10] Koizumi, Gunji. "Ne-waza (Groundwork) and Atemi-waza (blows) in Judo". Judo. Budokwai Judo Quarterly Bulletin. Retrieved 11 September 2012.

[11] Adams (1991)

[12] Daigo (2005) p. 9; Harrison (1952) pp. 162–168

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]