John Maynard Keynes

**John Maynard Keynes**
John Maynard Keynes
	John Maynard Keynes (right) aur Harry Dexter White, Bretton Woods Conference me
Janam	June 5, 1883; Cambridge, UK
Maut	April 21, 1946 (aged 62); Tilton, East Sussex, UK
Parrhai	Eton College aur King's College, Cambridge
Aurat/ Admii	Lydia Lopokova
Mai/Baap	John Neville Keynes, Florence Ada Brown

John Maynard Keynes, 1st Baron Keynes, Order of the Bath (5 June 1883–21 April 1946) ek British economist rahaa, jiske ideas ke Keynesian economics bola jaawe hae. Uu bolis rahaa ki sarkar ke ke tax aur banking measures ke kaam me laae ke economic recessions, depressions aur booms ke control kare ke chaahi. Uu modern theoretical of macroeconomics ke guru rahaa.

Bachpan ke din aur sikchhaa

John Maynard Keynes ke janam Cambridge, England me, 5 June 1883 me bhais rahaa, ek upper-middle-class palwaar me. Uske pitaji, John Neville Keynes, ek economist aur lecturer moral sciences me, University of Cambridge me rahaa, jab uske maiyaa Florence Ada Keynes, ek local social reformer rahii jon town ke duusra aurat mayor banis rahaa. Keynes pahila larrka rahaa aur uske baad dui aur larrkan paida bhae rahin – Margaret Neville Keynes 1885 me aur Geoffrey Keynes 1887 me. Geoffrey ek surgeon banaa rahaa aur Margaret Nobel Prize-winning physiologist Archibald Hill ke saathe saadi kare rahii.

Geoffrey ke anusaar, uulog ke mai0baap loving aur attentive rahin. Uu log ek Congregational Church jaawat rahin^[1]^[2] aur ekke ghar me jindagi bhar rahat rahin, jahan pe uulog ke larrkan sab time laut ke aawat rahin. Keynes ke uske pitaji se dher support mila rahaa, jisme uske coach karaa jaawat rahaa jisse uu aapan scholarship exams ke pass kare sakt rahaa, aur uske paisa bhi mila rahaa jab uske assets ke Great Depression in 1929 me khalaas hi. Keynes ke maiyaa aapan larrkan ke interests ke aapan bane rahis, aur Skidelsky ke anusaar, "because she could grow up with her children, they never outgrew home".^[2]

January 1889 me, paanch aur aadha saal ke umar me , Keynes started at the kindergarten, Perse School for Girls, me suruu karis rahaa, har haftaa me paanch din talak. Uu dekhais ki uu arithmetic me achchhaa rahaa, lekin usme tabiyat achhaa nai rahat rahaa, jiske kaaran uu dher class ke miss karat rahaas. Uske ek governess, Beatrice Mackintosh tutor karis rahaa, uske maiyaa ke saathe . January 1892 me, jab uu aath aur aadhaa saal ke rahaa, uu roj St Faith's preparatory school jaawe lagaa. 1894 talak, Keynes aapan class ke top karat rahaa, aur mathematics me bahut achchhaa karat rahaa. 1896 me, St Faith ke headmaster, Ralph Goodchild, likhis ki Keynes "head and shoulders above all the other boys in the school" rahaa aur uu sure rahaa ki Keynes ke ek scholarship, Eton khaatir mil jaai.^[3]

Duusra websites

Bio, bibliography, and links Archived 2009-03-21 at the Wayback Machine
Template:Gutenberg author
The Keynesian Revolution Archived 2009-04-16 at the Wayback Machine
Bio at Time 100 - the most important people of the century Archived 2009-08-26 at the Wayback Machine
John Maynard Keynes, The Economic Consequences of the Peace Archived 2006-02-07 at the Wayback Machine (1919)
John Maynard Keynes, The end of laissez-faire Archived 2000-08-15 at the Wayback Machine (1926)
John Maynard Keynes, An Open Letter to President Roosevelt (1933)
John Maynard Keynes, The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1936)
Eton College Keynes (Economics) Society
Short bio with birth location Archived 2010-08-21 at the Wayback Machine
Escoffier, Jeffrey. "Keynes, John Maynard." In Glbtq: An Encyclopedia of Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Queer Culture. glbtq, Inc.: Chicago, 2004.
Essays on John Maynard Keynes and Robert Lekachman Archived 2006-02-17 at the Wayback Machine by Reuben L. Norman Jr., Ph.D. ( 1998-2007 )
Smith, Marx, Kondratieff and Keynes: Their Intellectual Life Spans, the Convergence of their Theories based upon the Long Wave Hypothesis and the Internet Archived 2008-04-12 at the Wayback Machine by Reuben L. Norman Jr., Ph.D. ( June 6, 1998 )
Keynes's Career and Biographical Timeline Archived 2021-07-02 at the Wayback Machine

References

The Economic Consequences of Mr. Keynes: How the Second Industrial Revolution Passed Great Britain By, Bernard C. Beaudreau, iUniverse, 2006, ISBN 0-595-41661-6
Essays on John Maynard Keynes, Milo Keynes (Editor), Cambridge University Press, 1975, ISBN 0-521-20534-4
The Life of John Maynard Keynes, R. F. Harrod, London, Macmillan, 1951, ISBN 1-125-39598-2
"Keynes, John Maynard," Don Patinkin, The New Palgrave: A Dictionary of Economics, v. 2, 1987, pp. 19-41. Macmillan ISBN 0-333-37235-2 (US Edition: ISBN 0-935859-10-1)
John Maynard Keynes: Hopes Betrayed 1883-1920, Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 1992, ISBN 0-333-57379-X (US Edition: ISBN 0-14-023554-X)
John Maynard Keynes: The Economist as Saviour 1920-1937, Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 1994, ISBN 0-333-58499-6 (US Edition: ISBN 0-14-023806-9)
The Commanding Heights: The Battle for the World Economy, Daniel Yergin with Joseph Stanislaw, New York: Simon & Schuster, 1998, ISBN 0-684-82975-4
John Maynard Keynes: Fighting for Britain 1937-1946 (published in the United States as Fighting for Freedom), Robert Skidelsky, Papermac, 2001, ISBN 0-333-77971-1 (US Edition: ISBN 0-14-200167-8)
Lytton Strachey, Michael Holroyd, 1995, ISBN 0-393-32719-1

References

↑ Keynes, Geoffrey (1975). "The Early Years". Essays on John Maynard Keynes. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–35. ISBN 978-0521205344. https://archive.org/details/essaysonjohnmayn0000unse_n9x6/page/26/mode/2up.
1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "2003 Skidel".
↑
Sources:
- Hession, Charles Henry (1984). John Maynard Keynes: A Personal Biography of the Man Who Revolutionized Capitalism. MacMillan Ltd.. pp. 12–. ISBN 0025513109. https://books.google.com/books?id=l8JdAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- Dostaler, Gilles (2007). Keynes and His Battles. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 262–. ISBN 978-1781008379. https://books.google.com/books?id=fGIamxBxQgsC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 27 June 2015.
- O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (October 2003). "John Maynard Keynes". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland: MacTutor History of Mathematics. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2014.
- "Timeline". John Maynard Keynes. §"Pre-Career Years – 1883 to 1905". Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2025.
- Gümüş, Erdal (2003). "J. M. Keynes; Liberalism and Keynes; Keynes's Personal Life; Keynes's School Years". Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Sciences (Eskisehir Osmangazi University) 5 (9): 81–100. MPRA Paper No. 42373. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/42373. Retrieved 25 January 2014. (cites Skidelsky)
- 130 years of Perse Girls – Stephen Perse Foundation, 2011, p. 8, archived from the original on 22 August 2015, retrieved 25 January 2014 includes a photograph that is said to show Keynes as a child at the Perse School Kindergarten

[1] Keynes, Geoffrey (1975). "The Early Years". Essays on John Maynard Keynes. London: Cambridge University Press. pp. 26–35. ISBN 978-0521205344. https://archive.org/details/essaysonjohnmayn0000unse_n9x6/page/26/mode/2up.

[2003_Skidel-2] 1 2 Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named "2003 Skidel".

[3] Sources:
Hession, Charles Henry (1984). John Maynard Keynes: A Personal Biography of the Man Who Revolutionized Capitalism. MacMillan Ltd.. pp. 12–. ISBN 0025513109. https://books.google.com/books?id=l8JdAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 27 June 2015.

Dostaler, Gilles (2007). Keynes and His Battles. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 262–. ISBN 978-1781008379. https://books.google.com/books?id=fGIamxBxQgsC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 27 June 2015.

O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (October 2003). "John Maynard Keynes". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland: MacTutor History of Mathematics. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2014.

"Timeline". John Maynard Keynes. §"Pre-Career Years – 1883 to 1905". Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

Gümüş, Erdal (2003). "J. M. Keynes; Liberalism and Keynes; Keynes's Personal Life; Keynes's School Years". Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Sciences (Eskisehir Osmangazi University) 5 (9): 81–100. MPRA Paper No. 42373. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/42373. Retrieved 25 January 2014. (cites Skidelsky)

130 years of Perse Girls – Stephen Perse Foundation, 2011, p. 8, archived from the original on 22 August 2015, retrieved 25 January 2014 includes a photograph that is said to show Keynes as a child at the Perse School Kindergarten

[mwrg] Hession, Charles Henry (1984). John Maynard Keynes: A Personal Biography of the Man Who Revolutionized Capitalism. MacMillan Ltd.. pp. 12–. ISBN 0025513109. https://books.google.com/books?id=l8JdAAAAIAAJ. Retrieved 27 June 2015.

[mwwQ] Dostaler, Gilles (2007). Keynes and His Battles. Edward Elgar Publishing. pp. 262–. ISBN 978-1781008379. https://books.google.com/books?id=fGIamxBxQgsC&pg=PA262. Retrieved 27 June 2015.

[mw1A] O'Connor, J.J.; Robertson, E.F. (October 2003). "John Maynard Keynes". School of Mathematics and Statistics, University of St Andrews, Scotland: MacTutor History of Mathematics. Archived from the original on 25 October 2019. Retrieved 25 January 2014.

[mw2w] "Timeline". John Maynard Keynes. §"Pre-Career Years – 1883 to 1905". Archived from the original on 4 October 2023. Retrieved 29 January 2025.

[mw5A] Gümüş, Erdal (2003). "J. M. Keynes; Liberalism and Keynes; Keynes's Personal Life; Keynes's School Years". Dumlupinar University Journal of Social Sciences (Eskisehir Osmangazi University) 5 (9): 81–100. MPRA Paper No. 42373. http://mpra.ub.uni-muenchen.de/id/eprint/42373. Retrieved 25 January 2014. (cites Skidelsky)

[mw9w] 130 years of Perse Girls – Stephen Perse Foundation, 2011, p. 8, archived from the original on 22 August 2015, retrieved 25 January 2014 includes a photograph that is said to show Keynes as a child at the Perse School Kindergarten

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