Joan Bicknell

Joan Bicknell (10 aprail 1939 - 12 joon 2017) briten kee pahalee mahila manorog prophesar theen. unhonne landan vishvavidyaalay ke sent jorj mein kaam kiya aur seekhane kee akshamata ke kshetr mein agranee bhoomika nibhaee. usane manashchikitseey aspataalon mein kroorata ka saamana kiya aur vah bauddhik vikalaang, alokapriy aur chikitsa pratishthaan dvaara kabhee sveekaar nahin kie gae sansthaagat logon ke maanavaadhikaar adhivakta the. usane bahu-vishayak aspataal prabandhan aur samudaay-aadhaarit dekhabhaal kee shuruaat kee. jon bikanel ka janm briten ke vest landan ke aailavarth mein ek majadoor varg ke parivaar mein hua tha. usake pita albart ne ek eent banaane vaale ke roop mein kaam kiya, baad mein royal injeeniyars ke saath bam nipataan mein. unakee maan, dorothee (nee smith), ek sachiv theen. usaka ek bada bhaee, edavard tha, jo svaazeelaind mein ek shikshak ke roop mein mar gaya. usake do sautele bhaee bhee the jo bauddhik roop se vikalaang the. bikanel ne tvikenahaim kauntee skool phor garls mein bhaag liya aur 1962 mein barmingham vishvavidyaalay mein chikitsa ka adhyayan kiya. Snaatak star kee padhaee ke baad unhonne methodist mishanaree ke roop mein naijeeriya ke oyo mein ilesha vesle gild aspataal mein bachchon ke saath kaam kiya. jab 1967 mein naijeeriyaee grhayuddh shuroo hua, to vah phlaing doktar seva ke saath kaam karane ke lie siera liyon chalee gaeen. vah sare mein bachchon kee deerghakaalik dekhabhaal ke lie ek aspataal, kaarashaaltan mein kveen mairee aspataal mein manochikitsa ka adhyayan karane ke lie yooke laut aaee. 1969 mein, unhonne manovaigyaanik chikitsa mein diploma praapt kiya, aur 1971 mein unhonne sansthaagat bachchon mein seesa vishaaktata ke kaaranon aur prasaar par ek theesis pooree kee. vah sare ke chertse mein botaleez paark aspataal mein salaahakaar manochikitsak ban gaeen. 1978 mein, unhen normansafeeld aspataal mein manorog dekhabhaal ke aadhunikeekaran ke lie ek taask phors mein niyukt kiya gaya tha. unhonne ek chikitsa adheekshak ke roop mein us samay prathaagat hone ke bajaay ek bahu-vishayak teem ke maadhyam se ek aspataal ka prabandhan shuroo kiya. Antatah bikanel ko landan vishvavidyaalay ke sent jorj mein prophesar kee upaadhi se sammaanit kiya gaya aur vah briten kee manochikitsa mein pahalee mahila prophesar baneen. apane udghaatan vyaakhyaan mein 19 navambar 1980 ko "vikalaangata ka manovikrti" kaha jaata hai, unhonne bauddhik akshamata ke nidaan ke lie parivaar kee pratikriya ke saath shok kee prakriya mein du: kh ke charanon ke ek saadrshy ko chitrit kiy.