Jane Austen

Jane Austen
Jane Austen
	; Jane Austen ke chhaapa, jiske uske bahiji, Cassandra banais rahaa (c. 1810)
Writing period	1787 to 1809–11
Genres	pyar
Signature

Jane Austen (16 December 1775 – 18 July 1817) ek English ke novelist rahii. Uu dher pyar waala fiction dhani admi logan ke baare me likhis. Uske kaam uske English Literature me sab se jaada jaana maana aur liked writer banais.^[1] She is one of the great masters of the English novel.

Austen's ke kaam, sentimental novel ke late 18th century me criticise karis, aur nineteenth-century ke asliyat novels ke hissa rahaa.^[2] Uu saadharan log ke bare me likhat rahii. Ii kaaran se uske novel ke modern character milat rahaa.^[3] Austen ke kahaani jaada kar ke hansae waala rahaa,^[4] lekin ii bhi dekhaat rahaa ki aurat logan saadi ke uppar, social standing aur economic security khatir dependhwar rahin .^[5] Her works are also about moral problems.^[6]

Jane Austen ke janam 16 December 1775 me Steventon, jon ki Basingstoke kenagiichme hae, me bhais rahaa.^[7] Uske parrhai uske pitaji aur barraa bhaiyaa logan aur apne se book parr ke bhais rahaa. Uu aapan palwaar ke saathe Steventon me rahat rahii. Jab uske pitaji, 1801 me, retire bhais tab uske palwaar Bath city me rahe lagin. 1805 me, jab uske pitaji ke maut hoe gais tab uske palwwar Chawton, jon ki Alton, Hampshire ke nagiich hae,me rahelagin.

Jane Austen aapan kaam be baare me sehi nai dekhat rahii.^[7] Jab uu chhota larrki rahis tab uu khissa likhat rahii. Uske novel ke bahut dafe badle ke baad chhaapa jaawat rahaa. Uske khaali chaar novel ke chhaapa gaisrahaa jab uu jinda rahii. Ii rahaa Sense and Sensibility (1811), Pride and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814) aur Emma (1815). Dui aur novels, Northanger Abbey aur Persuasion, ke uske bhaiya 1817 me chhaapis rahaa. Persuasion ke uske maut sekuchhdin pahile likha gais rahaa. Pahile uudui aur book likhis rahaa, Lady Susan, aur ek an unfinished novel, The Watsons. Uu ek nawaa novel, Sanditon, me kaam karat rahii, lekin iske khatam kare se pahile uske maut hoe gais. Uu abhi ek jaana maana lekhak hae.

Bachpan ke din, 20 saal ke umar talak

Palwaar

Jane Austen ke janam 16 December 1775 me Steventon, Hampshire me bhais rahaa. Uske pitaji, George Austen (1731–1805), uske paidais ke baare me ek chitthii me likhis rahaa ki Austen ke maiyaa , Cassandra, "certainly expected to have been brought to bed a month ago." Uu ii bhi likhis rahaa kinawaa paida bhais larrki "a present plaything for Cassy and a future companion rahii."^[8] 1775-1776 ke winter bahut kharaab rahaa , aur khaali 5 April me uske ek local church me baptise karaa gais rahaa aur Jane Christian karaa gais rahaa.^[8]

George ek rector Anglican parishes of Steventon aur Deane ke.^[10] The Reverend Austen ek puraana dhani palwaar se aais rahaa jon wool merchants rahin. Jaise har ek generation of eldest sonske uske inheritances milaa, George ke palwaar ke hissa garib hoe gais rahaa. Uu aur uske dui bahini, bina mai-baap ke rahin aur uulog ke uske palwaar dekh-bhaal kare rahin. 1745 me, 15 saal ke umar me , George ke bahini Philadelphia ke milliner in Covent Garden me apprentice kar dewa gais rahaa.^[11] Solah saal ke umar me , George St John's College, Oxford me bharti bhais,^[12] jahan hoe sake ki uu Cassandra Leigh (1739–1827) ke milis rahaa.^[13] Uu ek barraa Leigh palwaar ke rahii. Uske pitaji All Souls College, Oxford me rector rahaa, jahaan uu dhani log ke biich me barraa bhais rahaa. Uske sab se barraa bhaiyaa James barraa estate ke aapan great-aunt Perrot se inherit karis rahaa, jisme khaali ek condition rahaa ki uu aapan naam badal ke Leigh-Perrot kare.^[14]

George Austen aur Cassandra Leigh engage hoe gay rahin, lagbhag 1763 me, jab uu logan miniatures ke badle rahin.^[15] Uske milaa rahaa living of the Steventon parish Thomas Knight se, jon wealthy husband uske second cousin ke rahaa.^[16] Uulog ke saadi 26 April 1764 me St Swithin's Church, Bath me bhais rahaa, licence se, ek sadhaaran ceremony me, Cassandra ke pitaji ke mare ke dui mahina baad.^[17] Uulog me amdani bahut nai rahaa George ke chhotaa per annum living se; Cassandra saadi me laais rahaa ek chhotaa inheritance ke expectation uske maiyaa ke maut ke time.^[18]

Living ke baad at the nearby Deane rectory jiske George ke khaatir ek dhani uncle Francis Austen kharidis rahaa,^[19] Austens temporary residence huan pe rakkhin, jab talak Steventon rectory nai milaa, ek 16th-century ghar jon tuuta rahaa , aur iske uulog repai kare rahin. Cassandra tiin larrkan ke janam de rahii jab uu Deane me rahat rahii: James 1765 me, George 1766 me, aur Edward 1767 me.^[20] Uske custom rahaa ki babay ke ghar me kuchh mahina talak rakkhe ke baad uske Elizabeth Littlewood ke lage chhorr de rahib, ek aurat jon nagiich ke nurse rahii aur baraah se athaarah mahina talak larrkan ke dekhat rahii.^[21]

Steventon

1768 me uske palwaar aakhri me Steventon me rahe lagin. Henry pahila larrka rahaa jon huan pe paida bhais rahaa, 1771 me.^[22] Lagbhag yahii time, Cassandra ii nai lukae sakat rahii ki George developmentally disabled rahaa. Uske mirgi aawat rahaa aur saait ginga aur bahira rahaa. Yahii time uu larrkaa ke foster ghar me bheje rahii.^[23] me 1773 Cassandra paida bhais rahaa, jiske baad Francis 1774 me, aur Jane 1775 me.^[24]

Biographer Park Honan ke anusaar, the Austen ke ghar me "open, amused, easy intellectual atmosphere" rahaa, jisme uulog ke ideas jisse Austen palwaar agree nai karat rahin politically nai to socially ke baare me baat karaa jaawat rahaa.^[25]

Uske palwaar aapan extended palwaar pe nirbhar rahaa aur dher palwaar ke log uske ghare aawat rahin.^[26] Barraa Cassandra summer of 1770 ke London me George ke bahini, Philadelphia me bitais rahaa, aur uske larrki Eliza ke saathe, aapan ek aur bahini , Mrs Walter ke saathe, aur uske Philly ke saathe.^[27] Philadelphia aur Eliza Hancock were, Le Faye ke anusaar, "the bright comets flashing into an otherwise placid solar system of clerical life in rural Hampshire, and the news of their foreign travels and fashionable London life, together with their sudden descents upon the Steventon household in between times, all helped to widen Jane's youthful horizon and influence her later life and works."^[28]

References

↑ Southam, "Criticism, 1870–1940", The Jane Austen Companion, 102.
↑ Litz, 3–14; Grundy, "Jane Austen and Literary Traditions", The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, 192-93; Waldron, "Critical Responses, Early", Jane Austen in Context, p. 83, 89–90; Duffy, "Criticism, 1814–1870", The Jane Austen Companion, 93–94.
↑ "Jane Austen (English novelist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". britannica.com. Retrieved 31 May 2010.
↑ Litz, 142.
↑ MacDonagh, 66–75; Collins, 160–161.
↑ Honan, 124-27; Trott, "Critical Responses, 1830–1970", Jane Austen in Context, 92.
1 2 Jones, Vivien (2003) [1996]. Introduction to Pride and Prejudice. 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL, England: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-141-43951-3.
1 2 Le Faye (2004), 27
1 2 Le Faye (2004), 20
↑ Todd (2015), 2
↑ "Philadelphia Austen Hancock: Eliza de Feuillide's Mother". Geri Walton (in English). 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.
↑ Template:Alox2
↑ Le Faye (2004), 3–5, 11
↑ Le Faye (2004), 8; Nokes (1998), 51
↑ Le Faye (2004), 11
↑ Le Faye (2004), 6
↑ Le Faye (2004), 11; Nokes (1998), 24, 26
↑ Le Faye (2004), 12; Nokes (1998), 24
↑ Austen-Leigh, James Edward (1871). Memoir of Jane Austen (Second ed.). London: Richard Bentley and Son. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.
↑ Le Faye (2004), 11, 18, 19; Nokes (1998), 36
↑ Le Faye (2004), 19
↑ Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 25
↑ Le Faye (2004), 22
↑ Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 24–27
↑ Honan (1987), 211–212
↑ Todd (2015), 4
↑ Nokes (1998), 39; Le Faye (2004), 22–23
↑ Le Faye (2004), 29

[1] Southam, "Criticism, 1870–1940", The Jane Austen Companion, 102.

[2] Litz, 3–14; Grundy, "Jane Austen and Literary Traditions", The Cambridge Companion to Jane Austen, 192-93; Waldron, "Critical Responses, Early", Jane Austen in Context, p. 83, 89–90; Duffy, "Criticism, 1814–1870", The Jane Austen Companion, 93–94.

[3] "Jane Austen (English novelist) – Britannica Online Encyclopedia". britannica.com. Retrieved 31 May 2010.

[4] Litz, 142.

[5] MacDonagh, 66–75; Collins, 160–161.

[6] Honan, 124-27; Trott, "Critical Responses, 1830–1970", Jane Austen in Context, 92.

[jones-7] 1 2 Jones, Vivien (2003) [1996]. Introduction to Pride and Prejudice. 80 Strand, London, WC2R ORL, England: Penguin Classics. ISBN 0-141-43951-3.

[Le_Faye_2004,_27-8] 1 2 Le Faye (2004), 27

[Le_Faye_2004_20-9] 1 2 Le Faye (2004), 20

[10] Todd (2015), 2

[geri-11] "Philadelphia Austen Hancock: Eliza de Feuillide's Mother". Geri Walton (in English). 21 October 2019. Archived from the original on 23 May 2022. Retrieved 22 May 2022.

[12] Template:Alox2

[13] Le Faye (2004), 3–5, 11

[14] Le Faye (2004), 8; Nokes (1998), 51

[15] Le Faye (2004), 11

[16] Le Faye (2004), 6

[17] Le Faye (2004), 11; Nokes (1998), 24, 26

[18] Le Faye (2004), 12; Nokes (1998), 24

[19] Austen-Leigh, James Edward (1871). Memoir of Jane Austen (Second ed.). London: Richard Bentley and Son. Archived from the original on 19 December 2019. Retrieved 20 December 2019.

[20] Le Faye (2004), 11, 18, 19; Nokes (1998), 36

[21] Le Faye (2004), 19

[22] Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 25

[23] Le Faye (2004), 22

[24] Nokes (1998), 37; Le Faye (2004), 24–27

[25] Honan (1987), 211–212

[Todd4-26] Todd (2015), 4

[27] Nokes (1998), 39; Le Faye (2004), 22–23

[28] Le Faye (2004), 29

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