"India" ke source dekho

{| border=1 align=right cellpadding=4 cellspacing=0 width=300 style="margin: 0.5em 0 1em 1em; background: #f9f9f9; border: 1px #aaaaaa solid; border-collapse: collapse; font-size: 95%;"
|+<big><big>Republic of India<br />भारत गणराज्य<br />Bharat Gaṇarājya</big></big>
|-
| style="background:#efefef;" align="center" colspan="2" |
{| border="0" cellpadding="2" cellspacing="0"
|-
| align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Flag of India.svg|125px]]
| align="center" width="140px" | [[file:Emblem of India.svg|80px]]
|-
| align="center" width="140px" | '''India''' ka jhanda
| align="center" width="140px" | National Emblem
|}
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" | <small>''Motto: Satyameva Jayate<br />English: Truth Alone Triumphs<br />Sanskrit:सत्यमेव जयते<br />''</small>जय हिन्द, jay hind<br />
|-
| align="center" colspan="2" | [[file:India_(orthographic_projection).svg|300px]]
|-
| Rajabhasa || हिन्दी Hindi
|-
| Maatra bhasa|| Angreji(English), Malayalam, Bengali, Punjabi, Gujarati, Marathi, Marwari, Tamil, Telegu, Kannada, Sanskrit, Mizo, Bihari, Kashmiri, Urdu, Farsi, Konkani, Assamese, Sindhi, Odia, Nishi
|-
| Dusre bhasa || Nepali, Persian, Arabic, (Pashton), Adi
|-
| Sambandh || Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iran, Nepal, Sri Lanka, Bhutan, Myanmar, Bangladesh, China, Hong Kong, Russia, South East Asia, South Asia
|-
| NRI (Non Residing Indian) || MENA(5 million), North America aur Asia(2 million each), Europe (500,000), South America, United Kingdom & Australia(350,000 each).
|-
| Overseas Indian || Asia(3 million), North America(4 million), Africa & UK(1.5 million each), Australia(400,000), Europe & MENA(100,000 each)
|-
| Migrants || 12 million
|-
| Rashtra Gaana: || ''[[India ke national anthem|Jana Gana Mana]]''
|-
| Rajdhani || [[New Delhi]]<br /><small>28º 34' N, 77º 12' E</small>
|-
| Sarkaar<br />&nbsp;- President<br />&nbsp;- Prime Minister <br />&nbsp;- Vice President
| Federal republic<br /><br />[[Droupadi Murmu]]<br />[[Narendra Modi]]<br />[[Jagdeep Dankhar]]
|-
| Ajaadi<br />&nbsp;-Date
|&nbsp;- United Kingdom (British Raaj) <br />[[15 August]] [[1947]] <br />
|-
| Kshetrafal<br /> &nbsp;- Total <br /> &nbsp;- % paani
| 7th position<br /> 3,287,263&nbsp;km²<br /> 9.56%
|-
| Janasankhya<br /> &nbsp;- Total ([[2023]]) <br />&nbsp;-Density
|&nbsp;- 2nd position <br />1,385,000,000<br />403.8/km<sup>2</sup>
|-
| GDP <br />&nbsp;- Total ([[2023]]) <br />&nbsp;- Per capita
| 5th position <br />$ 3,750,000,000 ($1.2 billion - $350 billion) <br />$ 2,707 varies state to state ($2000 - $20000)
|-
| Dharam
| Hinduism
|-
| Dusre Dharam
| Sikhism, Islam, Buddhism, Christian, Zoroastrian, Judaism
|-
| Mudra || Indian rupee(INR)
|-
| Samay Mandal || UTC +5:30
|-
| Durbhasha code || +91
|-
| [[Internet TLD]]|| .in
|}
India (Bharat, Hindustan), South [[Asia]] ka ek desh hae. Iski abaadi 1,370,000,000 se jaada hae. India ki raajdhaani [[New Delhi]] hae. Is desh ki 22 adhikarik bhashayen hae. Ye kshetrafal me duniya ka satvaan (7th) sab se bada desh hae aur abaadi mein dusra sab se bada desh hae, lekin duniya ki sab se barraa democracy hae. Iske dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]], pashchim me [[Arabian Sea]], purab me [[Bay of Bengal]] hae. Iske border ke paschim me [[Pakistan]], uttar me [[China]], [[Bhutan]], [[Nepal]] aur poorab me [[Bangladesh]] aur [[Myanmar]] hae. India ke dakshin me [[Indian Ocean]] me to the east. India ke dakshin me [[Sri Lanka]], [[Maldives]], aur [[Indonesia]] hae.

India ke ruling ke ithiaas ke bare mein kaha gaya hae ki Chandragupt Murya India ke pehle Raja the aur modern day India ko banane mein Shri Jawaharlal Nehru ka haath hae magar Shri Dr. Rajendra Prasad bhi ho sakte hae British ke madam se. Aur dusre aise ithasik log hae Ashoka the Great. Turko Indian Tuqhlaq aur Mughal Empire ka bhi haath hae, Indus valley civilization. Aaj ke zamane mein [[All India National Congress]] aur [[Bharatiya Janata Party]] aur Janata Dal aur communist party ka Hukum ke barabari chalta hae aur raja aur politician ke bhi haath hae.

[[Indian Settler|India]] me 28 states aur 9 union territories hae (jisme national capital territory bhi hae)<ref>[http://india.gov.in/knowindia/state_uts.php] States and Union Territories of India - Source - Govt of India Official Website</ref>. Union territories ke President of India  se appoint karaa gais administrators chalawe hae. Dui territor, (Delhi aur Puducherry) ke partial statehood dewa gais hae, jisme ek elected legislature aur executive councils of ministers hae, lekin state e raam ii logan ke lage puura taagat nai hae.Article 370 5 August ko remove kiya tha aur tab 9 union terretories ho gaye.

;States
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Number
!State
!Code
!Capital
|-	 
|1
|[[Andhra Pradesh]]
|AP
|Amaravati
|-
|2
|[[Arunachal Pradesh]]
|AR
|[[Itanagar]]
|-
|3
|[[Assam]]
|AS
|[[Dispur]]
|-
|4
|[[Bihar]]
|BR
|[[Patna]]
|-
|5
|[[Chhattisgarh]]
|CG
|[[Raipur]]
|-
|6
|[[Goa]]
|GA
|[[Panaji]]
|- 
|7
|[[Gujarat]]
|GJ
|[[Gandhinagar]]
|-
|8
|[[Haryana]]
|HR
|[[Chandigarh]]
|-
|9
|[[Himachal Pradesh]]
|HP
|[[Shimla]]
|-
|10
|[[Jammu and Kashmir]]
|JK
|[[Srinagar]]
|-
|11
|[[Jharkhand]]
|JH
|[[Ranchi]]
|-
|12
|[[Karnataka]]
|KA
|[[Bangalore]]
|-
|13
|[[Kerala]]
|KL
|[[Thiruvananthapuram]]
|-
|14
|[[Madhya Pradesh]]
|MP
|[[Bhopal]]
|-
|15
|[[Maharashtra]]
|MH
|[[Mumbai]]
|-
|16
|[[Manipur]]
|MN
|[[Imphal]]
|-
|17
|[[Meghalaya]]
|ML
|[[Shillong]]
|-
|18
|[[Mizoram]]
|MZ
|[[Aizawl]]
|-
|19
|[[Nagaland]]
|NL
|[[Kohima]]
|-
|20
|[[Orissa]]
|OR
|[[Bhubaneswar]]
|-
|21
|[[Punjab (India)|Punjab]]
|PB
|[[Chandigarh]]
|-
|22
|[[Rajasthan]]
|RJ
|[[Jaipur]]
|-
|23
|[[Sikkim]]
|SK
|[[Gangtok]]
|-
|24
|[[Tamil Nadu]]
|TN
|[[Chennai]]
|-
|25
|[[Tripura]]
|TR
|[[Agartala]]
|-
|26
|[[Uttar Pradesh]]
|UP
|[[Lucknow]]
|-
|27
|[[Uttarakhand]]
|UL
|[[Dehradun]]
|-
|28
|[[West Bengal]]
|WB
|[[Kolkata]]
|-
|29
|[[Telangana]]
| TS
|[[Hyderabad]]
|}

;[[file:India-states-numbered.svg|thumb|right]]Union Territories
{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
!Number
!Union territory
!Code
!Capital
|-
|A
|[[Andaman and Nicobar Islands]]
|AN
|[[Port Blair]]
|-
|B
|[[Chandigarh]]
|CH
|Chandigarh
|-
|C
|[[Dadra and Nagar Haveli]]
|DN
|[[Silvassa]]
|-
|D
|[[Daman and Diu]]
|DD
|[[Daman, India|Daman]]
|-
|E
|[[Lakshadweep]]
|LD
|[[Kavaratti]]
|-
|F
|[[Delhi|National Capital Territory]]
|ND
|[[New Delhi]]
|-
|G
|[[Puducherry]]
|PY
|[[Puducherry (city)|Puducherry]]
|-
|H
|[[Kashmir]]
|JK
|Srinagar
|-
|I
|[[Ladakh]]
|LA
|Leh, Kargil
|
|}
{| class="infobox borderless"
! colspan="3" |National symbols of the Republic of India (Official)
|-
! National heritage animal
|
| [[Image:2005-bandipur-tusker.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National bird
|
| [[Image:Pavo muticus (Tierpark Berlin) - 1017-899-(118).jpg|50px]]
|-
! National tree
|
| Bargad Ka Ped
|-
! National flower
|
| [[Image:Sacred lotus Nelumbo nucifera.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National  animal
|
| [[Image:Panthera tigris.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National aquatic marine mammal
|
| [[Image:PlatanistaHardwicke.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National reptile
|
| [[Image:King-Cobra.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National heritage mammal
|
| [[Image:Hanuman Langur.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National fruit
|
| [[Image:An Unripe Mango Of Ratnagiri (India).JPG|50px]]
|-
! National temple
|
| [[Image:New Delhi Temple.jpg|50px]]
|-
! National river
|
| [[Image:River Ganges.JPG|50px]]
|-
! National mountain
|
| [[Image:Nanda Devi 2006.JPG|50px]]
|}

== Etymology ==
India ke naam Indus se aais hae, jon ki purana Farsi bhasa me Hindu sabd hae. Farsi me ii Sanskrit सिन्धु (Sindhu) se aais hae, jisme ii Indus Naddi ke naam hae. Purana jamana ke Greeek logan Hindusani log ke Indoi (Ινδοί), yaaniki Indus ke log, bolate the. India ke Constitution me des ko Bharat (ucharan: [ˈbʱaːrət̪]) bola jata hae. Bharat naam India ke ek purana raja Bharata se aya hae. Hindustan ([ɦɪnd̪ʊˈst̪aːn]) , jo ki Farsi se aaya hae, ka matalab “Hinduyon ka desh” hae.

== Itihaas ==
India ek prachin des hae jiska lamba itihas hae. Adhunik India 1947 se ajaad desh hae,jo pehle British imperial crown aur usse pehle [[East India company]] ke indirect control Mein Tha.
India ke itihaas uu time se suruu hoe hae jab ki 500,000 saal pahle hian pe ''[[Homo erectus]]'' rahat rahin, Iske baad hian pe 75,000 saal pahile ''[[Homo sapiens]]''rahe ke suruu karin. [[Indus Valley Civilization]], jon ki Indian sub-continent ke northwestern hissa me c. 3300 se 1300 BCE talak rahaa, India ke pahila khaas civilization rahaa. [[Iron Age India|Iron Age]] me ek [[Vedic Period|Vedic Civilization]], [[Indo-Gangetic plain]] me suru bhais jisme [[Magadha]] kingdom rahaa jon ki [[Mahavira]] aur [[Gautama Buddha]] ke 6th or 5th century BCE me janam dis rahaa.

4th and 3rd centuries BCE me lagbhag subcontinent ke sab hissa ke [[Maurya Empire]] aapan niche kar liis. Iske baad 1500 chhota chhota kingdom, jiske middle ke nnam se jaana jaawe hae, rahaa. Ii time India ke economy jorr se barha rahaa. 4h century me India ke north aur cental hissa ke unite kar ke Gupta Empire banaa jon ki 200 saal talak chalaa. Ii time Hinduism aur aage barrha. South India me [[Chalukya dynasty|Chalukyas]], [[Chola dynasty|Cholas]], [[Pallavas]], aur [[Pandyan Dynasty|Pandyas]] raj karat rahin jon ki [[Hinduism]] aur [[Buddhism]] ke [[Asia]] ke dusra des me export karin.

South India me, [[Kerala]] 77 CE se Roman Empire se trade karat rahaa. Islam bhi pahile Kerala me Muslim traders se aais. Muslim rule subcontinent me 712 CE me aais jab ki Arab general [[Muhammad bin Qasim]] [[Sindh]] aur [[Multan]] pr kapjaa karis.<ref name="infopak">{{cite web| url=http://www.infopak.gov.pk/History.aspx| title=History in Chronological Order| publisher=Government of Pakistan| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref> Iske baad dher aur Muslim invaders central Asia se aain aur [[Delhi Sultanate]] aur [[Mughal Empire]] jaise Empire ke suruu karin.

Mughal Empire ke saathe dher [[Rajput]] kingdoms, aur dher Hindu states, jaise ki [[Vijayanagara Empire]], [[Maratha Empire]], aur [[Ahom Kingdom]] bhi rahaa. 18th century me Moghul Empire   [[Durrani Empire|Afghans]], [[Baloch people|Balochis]], [[Sikh Empire|Sikhs]], aur Marathas ke kaaran kamjor hoe gais. .<ref name="east_india">{{cite web| url=http://lcweb2.loc.gov/frd/cs/pktoc.html| title=Pakistan| publisher=Library of Congress| accessdate=2008-01-09}}</ref>

Mid-18th century ke baad, India ke dhire dhire British East India Company aapan niche kar liis. Company ke raaj se nakhusi ke kaaran  [[Indian Rebellion of 1857]] bhais aur iske baad , India ke was directly [[British Raj|British Crown]] ke niche karaa gais. Iske baad  [[Indian independence movement|struggle for independence]] ke [[Indian National Congress]] suru karis jiske baad me [[All-India Muslim League|Muslim League]] bhi join karis. Subcontinent ke  [[United Kingdom]] se 1947 me ajaadi mila aur des ke partition kar ke India aur Pakistan banawa gais.

== List of Vice Presidents of India ==

[[file:Jagdeep Dhankar (cropped).jpg|thumb|Shri Jagdeep Dankhar]]
*Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan - Independent
* Zakir Husain - Independent 
* Varahagiri Venkatagiri - Independent
* Gopal Swarup Pathak - Independent
* B. D. Jatti - INC
* M. Hidayatullah - Independent
* R. Venkatraman - INC
* K. R. Narayan - INC
* Krishan Kant - Janata Dal
* Bhairon Singh Shekhawat - BJP
* M. Hamid Ansari - INC
* M. Venkaiah Naidu - BJP
* Jagdeep Dhankar '''(Present) - BJP'''

== Pradhan Mantri/Prime Minister ==
{| class="wikitable" border="0" cellpadding="1" cellspacing="1" style="border:1px solid black"
|- bgcolor="#99ccff"
! Name
! Chapa
! Entered Office
! Left office
! Birth
! Death
! Political party
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Jawahar Lal Nehru|Jawahar Lal Nehru]]
| [[file:Jawaharlal Nehru.jpg|100px]]
| 15 August 1947 <sup>c</sup>
| 27 May 1964 <sup>1</sup>
| 14 November 1889  
| 27 May 1964
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress|100px]]
|-
|''Rajiv & Indira Gandhi''
|[[file:Rajiv, Indira and Sanjay Gandhi.jpg|thumb]]
| -
| -
| -
| -
|[[Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]]
| [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|Gulzarilal Nanda 1|100px]]
| 27 May 1964
| 9 June 1964 *
| 4 July 1898  
| 15 January 1998
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Lal Bahadur Shastri|Lal Bahadur Shastri]]
| [[file:Lal Bahadur Shastri.JPG|100px]]
| 9 June 1964
| 11 January 1966 <sup>1</sup>
| 2 October 1904  
| 11 January 1966
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Gulzarilal Nanda|Gulzarilal Nanda]]
|  [[File:Gulzarilal Nanda 1.jpg|Gulzarilal Nanda 1|100px]]
| 11 January 1966
| 24 January 1966 *
| 4 July 1898  
| 15 January 1998
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Morarji Desai|Morarji Desai]]
| [[file:Morarji Desai 1978.jpg|100px]]
| 24 March 1977
| 28 July 1979 <sup>4</sup>
| 29 February 1896  
| 10 April 1995
| [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Charan Singh|Charan Singh]]
| [[File:Prime minister Charan Singh.jpg|118x118px]]
| 28 July 1979
| 14 January 1980 <sup>3</sup>
| 23 December 1902  
| 29 May 1987
| [[w:Janata Party|Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Vishwanath Pratap Singh|Vishwanath Pratap Singh]]
| [[File:Visit of Vishwanath Pratap Sing, Indian Minister for Trade, to the CEC (cropped).jpg|75px]]
| 2 December 1989
| 10 November 1990 <sup>3</sup>
| 25 June 1931  
| 27 November 2008
| [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Chandra Shekhar|Chandra Shekhar]]
| [[File:Chandra_Shekhar_Singh_2010_stamp_of_India.jpg|75px]]
| 10 November 1990
| 21 June 1991 
| 1 July 1927 
| 8 July 2007
| [[w:Samajwadi Janata Party|Samajwadi Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:P. V. Narasimha Rao|P. V. Narasimha Rao]]
| [[File:Visit_of_Narasimha_Rao,_Indian_Minister_for_Foreign_Affairs,_to_the_CEC_(cropped)(2).jpg|75px]]
| 21 June 1991 <sup>c</sup>
| 16 May 1996 
| 28 June 1921  
| 23 December 2004
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|100px]]
| 16 May 1996
| 1 June 1996 <sup>3</sup'''>'''
| 25 December 1924
| 16 August 2018
| [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Inder Kumar Gujral|Inder Kumar Gujral]]
| [[file:I k gujral.jpg|100px]]
| 21 April 1997
| 19 March 1998
| 4 December 1919
| 30 November 2012
| [[w:Janata Dal|Janata Dal]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Atal Bihari Vajpayee|Atal Bihari Vajpayee]]
| [[File:Atal Bihari Vajpayee (crop 2).jpg|100px]]
| 19 March 1998 <sup>c</sup>
| 22 May 2004 
| 25 December 1924
| 16 August 2018
| [[wBharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[Manmohan Singh|Dr. Manmohan Singh]]
| [[file:Manmohansingh04052007.jpg|100px]]
| 22 May 2004
| 26 May 2014
| 26 September 1932
| Alive
| [[w:Indian National Congress|Indian National Congress]]
|- bgcolor="#F4F9FF"
| [[w:Narendra Damodardas Modi|Narendra Damodardas Modi]]
| [[File:2019 Diálogo dos Líderes com o Conselho Empresarial do BRICS e o Novo Banco de Desenvolvimento - 49065550471.jpg|100px]]
| 26 May 2014 <sup>c</sup>
| [[Incumbent]]
| 17 September 1950
| Alive
| [[w:Bharatiya Janata Party|Bharatiya Janata Party]]
|-
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|}

=== Notes ===
* * Interim - It is debatable whether Mr. Gulzari Lal Nanda was a Prime Minister or an Acting Prime Minister. The constitution does not have a position of acting Prime Minister. Mr. Nanda was sworn in as the Prime Minister of India. In contrast, the constitution provides for an acting President who discharges the duties of a President. Hence, constitutional experts and historians now agree that Mr. Nanda is the second Prime Minister of India.
<sup>c</sup>-indicates a full term
* <sup>1</sup> Assassinated or Died in Office
* <sup>2</sup> Returned to Office
* <sup>3</sup> Resigned
* <sup>4</sup> Dismissed by President following a [[no-confidence motion]]

== Presidents ==
Ii suchi ke number karaa gais hae uu order pe jispe uu logan presential election ke jitin rahaa. [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]], [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]], aur [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]], acting president rahin, aur ii kaaran se number nai karaa gais hae. India ke President koi party ke member nai rahe hae aur ''Political party'' waala column ii dekhae hae ki president elect hoe se pahile kon party me rahaa.

{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align:center" width="98%"
|+
|-
! width="14%" |Name
! width="10%" |Portrait
! width="10%" |Took office
! width="10%" |Left office
! width="12%" |Vice President
! width="24%" |Notes
|-
| [[w:Dr Rajendra Prasad|Dr Rajendra Prasad]]
| [[File:Rajendra Prasad (Indian President), signed image for Walter Nash (NZ Prime Minister), 1958 (16017609534).jpg|137x137px]]
| 26 January 1950
| 13 May 1962
| [[w:Dr.S Radhakrishnan|Dr.S Radhakrishnan]]
| align="left" |Prasad, ajaad India ke pahila President rahaa aur Bihar ke rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/05/07/stories/2002050700690800.htm |title=Dr. Rajendra Prasad |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=7 May 1952 |archive-date=11 January 2009 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20090111194609/http://www.hinduonnet.com/2002/05/07/stories/2002050700690800.htm |url-status=dead }}</ref><ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811816,00.html |title=Republic Day |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=Time |date=6 February 1950 }} {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225052839/http://content.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171,811816,00.html%20 |date=25 December 2018 }}</ref> Uu India ke ajaadi ke larai me bhi involved rahaa.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/10/stories/2006121013240200.htm |title=Rajendra Prasad's birth anniversary celebrated  |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= The Hindu |date=10 December 2006 }}</ref> Prasad, ekke President rahaa jon ki dui dafe President banaa.<ref name="selecting next">{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2006/12/06/stories/2006120603561000.htm |title=Selecting the next Rashtrapati  |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Harish Khare  |work=The Hindu |date=6 December 2006 }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan|Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan]]
| [[File:Radhakrishnan telugu signature.jpg|thumb|137x137px]] 
| 13 May 1962
| 13 May 1967
| [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
|Radhakrishnan was a prominent philosopher, writer, a [[Knight of the Realm]] and also held the position of [[vice chancellor]] of the [[Andhra University]] and [[Banaras Hindu University]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.telegraphindia.com/1060415/asp/opinion/story_6099278.asp |title=Why Amartya Sen should become the next president of India |accessdate=30 November 2008 |author=Ramachandra Guha |publisher=The Telegraph |date=15 April 2006 }}</ref> He was also made a Knight of the [[Golden Army of Angels]] by [[Pope Paul VI]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2000/20000130/spectrum/main2.htm |title=Dr S. Radhakrishnan |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Sunday Tribune |date=30 January 2000 }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:Zakir Hussain (politician)|Zakir Hussain]]
| [[File:President Zakir Husain 1998 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|137x137px]]
| 13 May 1967
| 3 May 1969
| [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]]
|Hussain was vice chancellor of the [[Aligarh Muslim University]] and a recipient of [[Padma Vibhushan]] and [[Bharat Ratna]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/zakir.asp |title=Zakir Husain, Dr. |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He died before his term of office was ended.
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[w:V. V. Giri|Varahagiri Venkata Giri]] *
| No Image Available?
| 3 May 1969
| 20 July 1969
|
| align="left" |Giri was appointed as acting president following the death of Hussain.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.hindu.com/2007/07/12/stories/2007071260671200.htm |title=Shekhawat need not compare himself to Giri: Shashi Bhushan  |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work=The Hindu |date=12 July 2007 }}</ref> He resigned in a few months to take part in the presidential elections.
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]] *
| [[File:Hidayatullah.png|100px]]
| 20 July 1969
| 24 August 1969
|
| align="left" |Hidayatullah served as the [[Chief Justice of India]], and was a recipient of the [[Order of the British Empire]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/hiday.asp |title=Hidayatullah, Shri M |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He served as acting president until the election of Giri as the President of India.
|-
| [[w:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed|Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed]]
| [[File:Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed 1977 stamp of India (cropped).jpg|137x137px]]
| 24 August 1974
| 11 February 1977
| [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]]
|Fakhruddin Ali Ahmed served as a Minister before being elected as president. He died in 1977 before his term of office ended, and was the second Indian president to have died during a term of office.<ref name="PIB">{{cite web |url=http://pib.nic.in/archieve/others/gal.html |title=Gallery of Indian Presidents |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Press Information Bureau of the Government of India |date= }}</ref>
|- style="background-color:Wheat"
| [[w:Basappa Danappa Jatti|Basappa Danappa Jatti]] *
| No Image Available
| 11 February 1977
| 25 July 1977
|
| align="left" |Jatti was the vice president of India during Ahmed's term of office, and was sworn in as acting president upon Ahmed's death. He earlier functioned as the Chief Minister for the State of [[Mysore state|Mysore]].<ref name="PIB" /><ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/jati.asp |title=Jatti, Shri Basappa Danappa |accessdate=30 November 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:Neelam Sanjiva Reddy|Neelam Sanjiva Reddy]]
| [[File:NeelamSanjeevaReddy.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
| 25 July 1977
| 25 July 1982
| [[w:Muhammad Hidayatullah|Muhammad Hidayatullah]]
|N.S.Reddy was the first Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh State. Reddy was the only [[Member of Parliament]] from the Janata Party to get elected from Andhra Pradesh.<ref>{{cite news |first=G.S. |last=Bhargava |coauthors= |title=Making of the Prez - Congress chief selects PM as well as President  |work=The Tribune |page= |date= |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://www.tribuneindia.com/2007/20070730/edit.htm }}</ref> He was unanimously elected Speaker of the [[Lok Sabha]] on 26 March 1977 and relinquished this office on 13 July 1977 to become the 6th President of India.
|-
| [[w:Giani Zail Singh|Giani Zail Singh]]
| [[File:Giani Zail Singh 1995 stamp of India (cropped).png|thumb|137x137px]]
| 25 July 1982
| 25 July 1987
| [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
|<br />In March 1972, Singh assumed the position of chief Minister of Punjab, and in 1980, he became Union Home Minister.<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://books.google.lk/books?id=nHnOERqf-MQC&pg=PA217&lpg=PA217&dq=%22Giani+Zail+Singh%22%2Bpunjabi&source=bl&ots=PCVV0gJqFJ&sig=W0TBiEbR0r9ULzarnd37JXiZIiA&hl=en&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=8&ct=result#PPA217,M1 |title=India |accessdate=3 January 2009 |last=Wolpert |first=Stanley A. |year=1999 |publisher=University of California Press |location= |page=217 }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:R. Venkataraman|Ramaswamy Venkataraman]]
| [[File:R Venkataraman.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
| 25 July 1987
| 25 July 1992
| [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
|In 1942, Venkataraman was jailed by the British for his involvement in the [[Indian independence movement|India's independence]] movement.<ref>{{cite news |first=Sanjoy|last=Hazarika |coauthors= |title=Man In The News; India's Mild New President: Ramaswamy Venkataraman  |work=The New York Times |page= |date=17 July 1987 |accessdate=6 January 2009|quote= |url=http://query.nytimes.com/gst/fullpage.html?res=9B0DEEDD1239F934A25754C0A961948260&n=Top/News/World/Countries%20and%20Territories/India }}</ref> After his release, he was elected to independent India’s Provisional Parliament as a member of the Congress Party in 1950 and eventually joined the central government, where he first served as Minister of Finance and Industry and later as Minister of Defence.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/venkat.asp|title=Venkataraman, Shri R. |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:Shankar Dayal Sharma|Shankar Dayal Sharma]]
| No Image Available?
| 25 July 1992
| 25 July 1997
| [[w:K. R. Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]
|Sharma was Chief Minister of [[Madhya Pradesh]], and the Indian Minister for Communications. He has also served as the governor of [[Andhra Pradesh]], [[Punjab (India)|Punjab]] and [[Maharashtra]].<ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.indianembassy.org/pic/PR_1999/December_99/PR_Dec_27(1)_1999.html |title=Former President Dr. Shankar Dayal Sharma passes away |accessdate=6 December 2008 |author=Navtej Sarna  |publisher=Embassy of India, Washington D.C. |date=27 December 1999 }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:Kocheril Raman Narayanan|Kocheril Raman Narayanan]]
| No Image Available?
| 25 July 1997
| 25 July 2002
| [[w:Krishan Kant|Krishan Kant]]
|<br />Narayanan served as India's ambassador to Thailand, Turkey, China and United States of America. He received doctorates in Science and Law and was also a chancellor in several universities.<ref>{{cite web |url=http://vicepresidentofindia.nic.in/krn.asp |title=Narayanan, Shri K, R |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work= |publisher=Vice President's Secretariat |date= }}</ref> He was also the vice-chancellor of [[Jawaharlal Nehru University]].<ref>{{Cite web |url=http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |title=The BJP's aim was to get rid of me |accessdate=6 January 2009 |work= |publisher=Confederation of Human Rights Organizations |date= |archive-date=12 October 2008 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081012023123/http://www.nuke.humanrightskerala.com/modules.php?op=modload&name=News&file=article&sid=5097 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
| [[w:A. P. J. Abdul Kalam|A. P. J. Abdul Kalam]]
| [[file:A P J Abdul Kalam.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
| 25 July 2002
| 25 July 2007
| [[w:Bhairon Singh Shekhawat|Bhairon Singh Shekhawat]]
| Kalam, was a scientist who played a leading role in the development of India's ballistic missile and nuclear weapons programs.<ref>{{cite book |title=Prisoners of the Nuclear Dream |last=Ramana |first=M. V. |authorlink= |coauthors=Reddy, C. Rammanohar |year=2002 |publisher=Orient Longman |location=New Delhi |isbn= |page=169 |url=http://books.google.com/books?id=IjZA-bQde1wC&pg=RA1-PA169&dq=%22Abdul+Kalam%22+%22%22Pokhran-II%22&ei=R6niSOzbDI3gtgPx0tiOBw&sig=ACfU3U0vTUY4GkXlltbzgECN98hWD8A6zQ }}</ref> Kalam also received the [[Bharat Ratna]].
|-
| [[w:Pratibha Patil|Pratibha Patil]]
| [[File:PratibhaIndia.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
| 25 July 2007
| [[Incumbent]]25 July 2012
| [[w:Mohammad Hamid Ansari|Mohammad Hamid Ansari]]
|Patil is the first woman to become the President of India. She was also the first female Governor of Rajasthan.<ref>{{cite news |url=http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2007/07/21/AR2007072100525.html |title=Female President Elected in India |accessdate=2 December 2008 |author=Emily Wax |publisher=The Washington Post |date=22 July 2007 }}</ref><ref>{{cite web |url=http://www.expressindia.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=38190 |title=Pratibha Patil is Rajasthan’s first woman governor |accessdate=6 December 2008 |work=Express India |date=8 November 2008 |archive-date=25 December 2018 |archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181225052826/http://expressindia.indianexpress.com/news/fullstory.php?newsid=38190%20 |url-status=dead }}</ref>
|-
|Pranab Mukherjee
|[[File:Pranab Mukherjee.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
|25 July 2012
|25 July 2017
|Mohammad Hamid Ansari
|In a political career spanning five decades, Mukherjee has been a senior leader in the Indian National Congress and has occupied several ministerial portfolios in the Government of India.
|-
|[[Ram Nath Kovind]]
|[[file:Ram Nath Kovind official portrait.jpg|thumb|137x137px]]
|25 July 2017
|25 July 2022
|Mohammad Hamid Ansari
M. Venkaiah Naidu
|Previously he had served as the 26th Governor of Bihar from 2015 to 2017 and was a Member of Parliament, Rajya Sabha from 1994 to 2006. Kovind was nominated as a presidential candidate by the ruling NDA coalition and won the 2017 presidential election.
|-
|[[Droupadi Murmu]]
| 
|25 July 2022
|Current
|Jagdeep Dhankar
M. Venkaiah Naidu
|Presidency hasil karne se pehle Murmu Jharkhand mien ke mantri thi inhone 2015 - 2021 take kaam kiya hae. Murmu agricultural department mein ek junior assistant thi aur kai baar chunau mein khadi hui hae.  Governor ke samay mein Murmu ne kai award hasil ki hae. Murmu India ki doosri mahila president hae. 
|}

* Symbol (*) light brown backgroundke saathe, ii dekhae hae ki iiacting president rahaa.

== States and union territories ==
{{Main|States and territories of India}}

{| class="sortable wikitable" style="text-align:center;"
|-
|
== Chapa ==
<gallery mode="packed" heights="125">
file:NorthBlock.jpg|New Delhi me Government Office
file:India Geographic Map.jpg|India ke Topograhic map
file:Tso Kiagar Lake Ladakh.jpg|Ladakh
file:Taj Mahal in March 2004.jpg|Taj Mahal
file:SBML9878-140422-BackBay skyline.jpg|Mumbai
file:Uttar Pradesh tableau on Rajpath at the 72nd Republic Day.jpg|Uttar Pradesh
file:Statue of Sardar Patel in Statue of unity.jpg|Statue Inside monument Satue of Unity
file:Wagah Attari border -Wagah -Punjab -20190605 172134.jpg|Wagah Border Pakistan & Punjab
file:Kerala backwaters, Canal, Palm trees, India.jpg|Kerala
file:Anjuna Beach, Goa, India, Legendary Curlies beach shack.jpg|Goa
file:PragMahal-Bhuj-Gujarat-JM18.jpg|Gujarat
</gallery>
== References ==
<references />
|}

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