"Hindustani bhasa" ke source dekho

{{Infobox language
| name             = Hindustani
| nativename       = {{hlist|हिन्दुस्तानी|{{nq|ہندوستانی}}}}
| altname          = Hindi–Urdu
| image            = Hindustani.svg
| imagescale       = 0.7
| imagecaption     = The word ''Hindustani'' in the [[Devanagari]] and [[Perso-Arabic script]]s
| states           = [[Languages of India|India]] and [[Languages of Pakistan|Pakistan]]
| region           = [[Western Uttar Pradesh]]/[[Delhi]] ([[Hindi Belt|Hindustani Belt]]),<br>[[Deccan]] ([[South India]]),<br>[[Pakistan]]<ref>{{cite journal |editor1=Robina Kausar |editor2=Muhammad Sarwar |editor3=Muhammad Shabbir |title=The History of the Urdu Language Together with Its Origin and Geographic Distribution |journal=International Journal of Innovation and Research in Educational Sciences |volume=2 |issue=1 |url=https://www.ijires.org/administrator/components/com_jresearch/files/publications/IJIRES-154_final.pdf}}</ref>
| speakers         = [[L1 speakers]]: {{circa|250}} million
| ref              = <ref name=ethnologue>"Hindi" L1: 322 million (2011 Indian census), including perhaps 150 million speakers of other languages that reported their language as "Hindi" on the census. L2: 274 million (2016, source unknown). Urdu L1: 67 million (2011 & 2017 censuses), L2: 102 million (1999 Pakistan, source unknown, and 2001 Indian census):  ''Ethnologue'' 21. {{e21|hin|Hindi}}. {{e21|ur|Urdu}}.</ref>
| speakers2        = [[L2 speakers]]: ~500 million (1999–2016)<!--includes the 140M subtracted from the L1 census total of 390M estimated to speak something other than Hindustani. Not all of these will be able to speak Hindustani even as an L2, another reason the numbers can be only very approximate--><ref name=ethnologue />
| familycolor      = Indo-European
| fam2             = [[Indo-Iranian languages|Indo-Iranian]]
| fam3             = [[Indo-Aryan languages|Indo-Aryan]]
| fam4             = [[Hindi languages|Central Zone]]
| fam5             = [[Western Hindi]]
| ancestor         = [[Shauraseni Prakrit]]
| ancestor2        = [[Apabhraṃśa]]
| ancestor3        = [[Old Hindi]]
| stand1           = [[Hindi]]
| stand2           = [[Urdu]]
| dia1             = [[Deccani language|Deccani]]
| dia2             = [[Hyderabadi Urdu|Hyderabadi]]
| dia3             = [[Dhakaiya Urdu|Dhakaiya]]
| dia4             = [[Rekhta]]
| dia5             = [[Kauravi]]
| dia6             = [[Bombay Hindi|Bambaiya]]
| dia7             = [[Bihari Hindi]]{{efn|Not to be confused with the [[Bihari languages]], a group of [[Eastern Indo-Aryan languages]].}}
| dia8             = [[Andaman Creole Hindi|Andaman]]
| dia9             = [[Haflong Hindi|Haflong]]
| dia10            = [[Judeo-Urdu]]
| script           = {{Unbulleted list
|[[Devanagari]] (Hindi)
|[[Perso-Arabic script|Perso-Arabic]] [[Nastaliq]] ([[Urdu alphabet]]) (Urdu)<ref name="Grierson"/><ref name="Ray2011"/>
|[[Bengali–Assamese script]] (for [[Urdu]] in [[Bangladesh]].)
|[[Latin script|Latin]] ([[Hinglish]]-[[Urdish]] or Informal Text)
|[[Kaithi]] (historical)
|[[Hebrew script|Hebrew]] ([[Judeo-Urdu]])
|[[Laṇḍā scripts|Laṇḍā]] (historical)<ref>{{Cite book|last=Gangopadhyay|first=Avik|title=Glimpses of Indian Languages|publisher=Evincepub publishing|year=2020|isbn=9789390197828|pages=43}}</ref>
|[[Mahajani]] (historical, mainly [[Hindi]])
|[[Hindi Braille]]
|[[Urdu Braille]]}}
| sign             = [[Indian Signing System]] (ISS)<ref>[http://share.pdfonline.com/51071726f49f47ea858865837b25f8f9/dedse_dhh09.htm Norms & Guidelines] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20140113022437/http://share.pdfonline.com/51071726f49f47ea858865837b25f8f9/dedse_dhh09.htm |date=13 January 2014 }}, 2009. D.Ed. Special Education (Deaf & Hard of Hearing), [www.rehabcouncil.nic.in Rehabilitation Council of India]</ref>
| nation           = {{plainlist|
*{{flag|India}} <br/>(as [[Hindi]] and [[Urdu]]) 
*{{flag|Pakistan}} <br/> (as [[Urdu]])
}}
| minority         = 
| agency           = {{plainlist|
*[[Central Hindi Directorate]] (Hindi, India)<ref>The Central Hindi Directorate regulates the use of [[Devanagari]] and Hindi spelling in [[India]]. Source: [http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html Central Hindi Directorate: Introduction] {{webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100415010138/http://hindinideshalaya.nic.in/hindi/introduction.html |date=15 April 2010 }}</ref>
*[[National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language]] (Urdu, India)<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.urducouncil.nic.in/|title=National Council for Promotion of Urdu Language|website=www.urducouncil.nic.in}}</ref>
*[[National Language Promotion Department]] (Urdu, Pakistan)<ref>Zia, K. (1999). ''[http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/urdu-code/standardcodetableurdu.htm Standard Code Table for Urdu] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20190408004715/http://users.skynet.be/hugocoolens/urdu-code/standardcodetableurdu.htm |date=8 April 2019 }}''. 4th Symposium on Multilingual Information Processing, (MLIT-4), [[Yangon]], [[Myanmar]]. CICC, [[Japan]]. Retrieved on 28 May 2008.</ref>}}
| iso1             = hi
| iso1comment      = – Hindi<br/><code>{{ISO639-1|ur}}</code> – Urdu
| iso2             = hin
| iso2comment      = – Hindi<br/><code>{{ISO639-2|urd}}</code> – Urdu
| lc1              = hin
| ld1              = Hindi<!--name as per ISO 639-3/RA, already wiki-linked in stand1 parameter-->
| lc2              = urd
| ld2              = Urdu <!--name as per ISO 639-3/RA, already wiki-linked in stand2 parameter-->
| lingua           = 59-AAF-qa to -qf
| glotto           = hind1270
| glottorefname    = Hindustani
| map              = Hindustani map.png
| mapcaption       = Areas (red) where Hindustani (Delhlavi or [[Kauravi]]) is the native language
| map2             = 
| mapcaption2      = {{legend|#FF7F36|Provincial or state level}}
{{legend|#FFCC2E|Secondary provincial or state language}}
{{legend|#FDF72F|National level}}
| notice           = IPA
{{InterWiki|code=hi}}
{{InterWiki|code=ur}}
}}
{{Contains special characters
| special    = uncommon [[Unicode]] characters
| fix        = Help:Multilingual support#Kaithi
| image      = Replacement character.svg
| link       = Specials (Unicode block)#Replacement character
| alt        = <?>
| compact    = yes
}}
'''Hindustani bhasa''' ek [[Indo-European bhasa]] hae jisme north [[India]] aur [[Pakistan]] me bola jaae hae aur uu ii jagha ke "Lingua franca" hae. Iske [[Deccan]] me bhi bola jaae hae. Iske dui rakam se likha jaae hae. Ek hae [[Hindi]], jiske [[Devanagri]] me likha jaae  aur isme [[Sanskrit]] ke jaada asar har, aur [[Urdu]] jiske [[Perso-Arabic script]] me likha jaae hae aur isme [[Arbii bhasa]] aur [[Farsii]] ke jaada asar hae. Jab Hindi India ke sarkari bhasa hae, tab Urdu Pakistan ke sarkari bhasa hae. Iske '''Hindi-Urdu''' bhi bola jaae hae.

== Bahaari jorr ==
*Shakespear, John. [http://dsal.uchicago.edu/dictionaries/shakespear/ A Dictionary, Hindustani and English.] 3rd ed., much enl. London: Printed for the author by J.L. Cox and Son: Sold by Parbury, Allen, & Co., 1834.
* [http://Forum.janmaanas.com Janmaanas Ek Hindi Manch(Hindi Language Forum)]
*[http://encyclopedia.jrank.org/HIG_HOR/HINDOSTANI_properly_Hindustani_.html Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition: Hindostani]
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20030217173457/http://members.aol.com/yahyam/hindustani.html Hindi, Urdu, Hindustani, ''khaRî bolî'']
*[https://web.archive.org/web/20020415084142/http://www.geocities.com/sikmirza/arabic/hindustani.html Hindi-Urdu FAQ]
*[http://www.languageinindia.com/march2003/hindustani.html Hindustani as an anxiety between Hindi-Urdu Commitment]
*[http://www.uiowa.edu/~incinema/Hindinote.html Hindi? Urdu? Hindustani? Hindi-Urdu?]
*[http://adaniel.tripod.com/hindustani.htm History of Hindustani]
*[http://www.lexicool.com/dlink.asp?ID=0FW3HU5663&L1=34&L2=44 Hindi/Urdu-English-Kalasha-Khowar-Nuristani-Pashtu Comparative Word List]
*[http://www.ethnologue.com/show_family.asp?subid=90987 Ethnologue Report for Hindustani]
*[http://globalrecordings.net/language/747 GRN Report for Hindustani]
*[http://www.indolink.com/Poetry/ Hindustani Poetry] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060615203847/http://indolink.com/Poetry/ |date=2006-06-15 }}
*[http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/lss/staff/erica/CALL/hindi.html Hindi-Urdu online resources] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060827233430/http://polyglot.lss.wisc.edu/lss/staff/erica/CALL/hindi.html |date=2006-08-27 }}
*[http://www.yoindia.com/shayariadab/ Biggest Hindustani-Indian poetry forum]
* [http://en.wikivoyage.org/wiki/Hindi-Urdu_phrasebook Wikivoyage - Hindi-Urdu Phrasebook]
*[http://www.nla.gov.pk/ National Language Authority (Urdu), Pakistan (muqtadera qaumi zaban)] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20070804053902/http://www.nla.gov.pk/ |date=2007-08-04 }}

[[vibhag:H]]
[[vibhag:India ke bhasa]]
[[vibhag:Pakistan ke bhasa]]
[[vibhag:Indo-European bhasa]]
[[vibhag:Urdu kee Boliyaan]]

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