Francisco Goya

**Francisco Goya**
	Francisco Goya
	; Goya's self-portrait.
Birth name	Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Born	30 March 1746; Fuendetodos
Died	16 April 1828; Bordeaux
Nationality	Spanish
Field	Painting, Printmaking
Works	The Parasol, ca. 1777; La maja desnuda, ca. 1800; La maja vestida, ca. 1803; The Second of May 1808, 1814; The Third of May 1808, 1814; La familia de Carlos IV, 1798;

Francisco de Goya y Lucentes (30 March 1746 — 30 April 1828) Spain ke ek painter rahaa. Uu Spanish Royal Family ke dher portrait banais rahaa. Uske sab se jaada famous painting "Charles IV of Spain and His Family" aur "The Third of May 1808" rahaa.

Jindagi

Jawani

Goya ke janam Fuendetodos, Aragón, Spain me Benito de Goya y Franque aur Gracia de Lucientes y Salvador se bhaes rahaa. Uu aapan bachpan ke din Fuendetodos me bitais, jhan pe uske palwar ek ghar me rahat rahaa jiske uske maiya ke palwar own karat rahaa. Lagbhag 1749, me uske palwar logan city of Zaragoza me ek ghar kharidin aur kuch saal ke baad huan pe rahe lagin. Goya, Escuelas Pias me school parrhis, jahan pe uske, Martin Zapater mila jon ki uske khaas dost hoe gais. 14 saal ke umar me uu painter José Luzán ke saathe apprentiship suruu karis.

Baad me uu Madrid gais jahan pe uu Anton Raphael Mengs, ek painter jon ki Spanish royalty ke nachdik rahaa, ke niche kaam karis. Uu aapan master se larris, aur ueske test ke mark kharaab rahaa. Goya Royal Academy of Fine Art ke khatir 1763 aur 1766 me entry bhejis, lekin uske huan pe bharti kare ke mauka nai milaa..

Uske baad uu Rome gais jahan pe 1771 me uske City of Parma ke organise karaa gais painting competition organized me second prize mila. Wahi saal, baad me uu Zaragoza laut gais aur cupola of the Basilica of the Pillar ke paint karis. Uu Francisco Bayeu y Subías ke niche parrhis aur uske painting aur achchhaa hoe lagaa.

Italy ke yatra

Chaudah saal ke umar me, Goya, painter José Luzán ke niche kaam karis rahaa, jahaan pe uu Chaapa ke copy banaat rahaa printsTemplate:Which chaar saal talak , jabtak uu apne se kaam kare ke decide karis rahaa, jaise uu baad me likhis rahaa "paint from my invention".^[1] Uu Madrid jaae ke Anton Raphael Mengs ke saathe parrhis, jon ek jaaana-maana painter Spanish royalty ke saathe rahaa. Uu aapan master se jhagrraa karis rahaa, aur uske test ke result achchhaa nai rahaa. Goya Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando ke khaatir 1763 aur 1766 me entry bhejis rahaa lekin uske entrance ke ijaajat nai milaa rahaa.^[2]

Rome uu time Europe ke cultural capital rahaa aurhian pe prototypes of classical antiquity rahaa, jab Spain ke lage artistic direction nai rahaa. Jab uske scholarship nai milaa rahaa, tab Goya apne se Rome gais jon ki ek puraana biswas rahaa European artists me pahile jaae se Albrecht Dürer talak.^[3] uu time uske achchhaa se nai jaana jaawat rahaa. Pahile ke janam kahaani likhe waale uske saathe Rome gay rahin ek bullfighters ke gang ke saathe, jahaan pe uu ek street acrobat ke kaam karis rahaa, Russian diplomat ke khaatir, nai to uu ek beautiful young nun se pyaar kare lagaa jiske uu uske convent se apharan kare ke plan karis rahaa.^[4] It is possible that Goya completed two surviving mythological paintings during the visit, a Sacrifice to Vesta and a Sacrifice to Pan, both dated 1771.^[5]

1771 me uske econd prize ek painting competition me milaa, jiske City of Parma organise karis rahaa. Uu saal, Goya Zaragoza laut ke elements of the cupolas of the Basilica of the Pillar (including Adoration of the Name of God), a cycle of frescoes ke paint karis rahaa monastic church of the Charterhouse of Aula Dei ke khaatir, aur frescoes of the Sobradiel Palace. Uu Aragonese artist Francisco Bayeu y Subías ke ssathe kaam karis rahaa aur uske painting began delicate tonalities dekhaelagaa rahaa jiske khaatir uu mashuur bhais rahaa. Uu Francisco Bayeu ke friend banaa rahaa aur uske bahini Josefa (he nicknamed her "Pepa") ke saathe saadi karis rahaa ^[6] on 25 July 1773. Their first child, Antonio Juan Ramon Carlos, was born on 29 August 1774.^[7] Uulog ke saat larrkan me se khaali ek, a son named Javier, jindaa rahaa^[8]

Madrid (1775–1789)

Francisco Bayeu (Josefa Bayeu ke bhaiyaa), 1765 membership Real Academia de Bellas Artes de San Fernando, aur directorship tapestry works 1777 se, Goya ke madat karis rahaa ek commission kuchh tapestry cartoons Royal Tapestry Factory ke khaatir. Paaanch saal me uu 42 patterns ke design karis rahaa, jisme se dher ke kaam me laae ke El Escorial aur Palacio Real del Pardo, Spain ke raaja ke ghar, ke patthar ke dewaal ke sajaawa gais rahaa. Tapestries ke design kare se koi prestige nai milat rahaa aur achchhaa paisa bhi nai milat rahaa, uske cartoons mashuur hae rococo style me, aur Goya iske kaam me laae ke apne ke dunia ke dekhais rahaa.^[9]

Cartoons khaali uske royal commissions nai rahaa aur iske saathe kuchh engravings bhi rahaa, jaaada kar ke puraana masters ke copy, jaise Marcantonio Raimondi aur Velázquez. Goya ke Velázquez ke saathe complicated relationship rahaa; jab uske time ke artist log Goya ke ke kosis copy aur uske emulate kare me koi faeda nai dekhat rahin, uske pahunch pahile ke painter log ke kaam rahaa aur jiske royal collection me rakkha gais rahaa.^[10] Fir bhi, etching ek rakam ke chij rahaa jiske Goya master karis rahaa, jisse uu aapan imagination aur political beliefs ke aslii gahiraai ke dekhais rahaaa.^[11] Uske c. 1779 ke The Garrotted Man ("El agarrotado"^[12]) ke etching, sab se barraa etching rahaa jiske uu banais rahaa abhi talak aur uske baad ke "Disasters of War" series se bhi jaada mashuur rahaa.^[13]

Goya ke bemaari rahaa aur iske Goya ke virodh kare waale log uske against kaam me laawat rahin, jon uu koi artist se jaran karat rahin jon aage barrhat rahaa. Kuchh barraa cartoons, jaise The Wedding, 8 by 10 feet se barraa rahaa, aur uske physical strength khaatir jaada rahaa. Goya aapan misfortune ke ghumae diis rahaa, ii bol ke ki uske bemaari se uske insight milaa rahaa to produce works that were more personal and informal.^[14] Lekin, uske khaatir format limiting rahaa, kaaheki ii uske complex color shifts or texture ke dekhae ke mauka nai dewat rahaa, aur impasto aur glazing techniques uske suit nai karat rahaa, jiske uu ii time talak aapan paintins me use karat rahaa. Ii tapestries ke comments on human types, fashion and fads dekha jaawat rahaa^[15]

Ii time ke aur kaam me hae ek canvas for the altar of the Church of San Francisco El Grande Madrid me, jiske kaaran uske Royal Academy of Fine Art ke member banaawa gais rahaa.

Darbaar ke chitrkaar

1783 me, Count of Floridablanca, King Charles III ke favourite, Goya ke uske chhaapa paint kare ke batais. Goya Raaja ke half-brother Luis ke dost ban gais, aur uu dui summer me duuno Infante aur uske palwaar ke chhaapa banais rahaa.^[16] 1780s me, uske patrons jaada bhais jisme rahaa Duke and Duchess of Osuna, Raja aur duusra jaana-maana log. 1786 me, Goya ke Charles III ke khaaatir painter ke pakka kaam dewa gais rahaa.

1789 me Goya ke Charles IV ke painter banaawa gais rahaa. Agle saal uu First Court Painter banaa, jiske khaatir uske talab 50,000 reales aur 500 ducats ek coach ke khaatir, rahaa. Uu raaja aur raani ke chaapa ke paint karies rahaa, aur Spanish Prime Minister Manuel de Godoy aur dher nobles ke chhaapa bhi. Ii sab chhaapa ke uske disinclination to flatter; his Charles IV of Spain and His Family is an especially brutal assessment of a royal family rahaa . Aadhmik interpreters ii chhaapa ke ek satire maane hae; it is thought to reveal the corruption behind the rule of Charles IV. uske aurat Louisa ke raaj ke niche, jiske jaada taagatwar maana jaawat rahaa, ke kaaran Goya uske chhaapa ke biich me rakkhis rahaa. Chhaapa ke pichhe se ek dekhe sake hae ki artist apne viewer ke dekhe hae, Ur aplwaar ke pichhe ke painting Lot aur uske dui larrki ke dekhae hae, jisse uu fir se corruption aur decay ke sandes de hae.^[17]

Chapa ke suchi

Charles IV of Spain aur uske palwaar
Saturn aapan larrka ke khaawe hae
Nanga Maja
Clothed Maja
' The Disasters of War, 1812-15
Remembrance plaque for Goya in Bordeaux
The Third of May 1808, 1814.

References

↑ Connell (2004), 14
↑ Hagen & Hagen, 317
↑ Hughes (2004), 34
↑ Hughes (2004), 37
↑ Eitner (1997), 58
↑ Baticle (1994), 74
↑ Symmons (2004), 66
↑ Goya F., Stepanek S. L., Ilchman F., Tomlinson J. A., Ackley C. S., Braun J. E., Mena M., Maurer G., Polidori E., Reed S. W., Weiss B., Wilson-Bareau J. & Museum of Fine Arts Boston. (2014). Goya: Order & Disorder (First). MFA Publications. p. 14. ISBN 9780878468089.
↑ Hagen & Hagen, 7
↑ Hughes (2004), 95
↑ Hagen; Hagen (1999), 7
↑ "print study | British Museum". The British Museum (in English). Retrieved 7 November 2022.
↑ Hughes (2004), 96
↑ Hughes (2004), 130
↑ Hughes (2004), 83
↑ Tomlinson (2003), 147
↑ Hagen & Hagen, 29.

[1] Connell (2004), 14

[2] Hagen & Hagen, 317

[h34-3] Hughes (2004), 34

[h37-4] Hughes (2004), 37

[5] Eitner (1997), 58

[6] Baticle (1994), 74

[7] Symmons (2004), 66

[8] Goya F., Stepanek S. L., Ilchman F., Tomlinson J. A., Ackley C. S., Braun J. E., Mena M., Maurer G., Polidori E., Reed S. W., Weiss B., Wilson-Bareau J. & Museum of Fine Arts Boston. (2014). Goya: Order & Disorder (First). MFA Publications. p. 14. ISBN 9780878468089.

[hh7-9] Hagen & Hagen, 7

[10] Hughes (2004), 95

[11] Hagen; Hagen (1999), 7

[12] "print study | British Museum". The British Museum (in English). Retrieved 7 November 2022.

[13] Hughes (2004), 96

[14] Hughes (2004), 130

[15] Hughes (2004), 83

[16] Tomlinson (2003), 147

[17] Hagen & Hagen, 29.

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Francisco Goya
Goya's self-portrait.
Birth name	Francisco José de Goya y Lucientes
Born	30 March 1746 Fuendetodos
Died	16 April 1828 Bordeaux
Nationality	Spanish
Field	Painting, Printmaking
Works	The Parasol, ca. 1777 La maja desnuda, ca. 1800 La maja vestida, ca. 1803 The Second of May 1808, 1814 The Third of May 1808, 1814 La familia de Carlos IV, 1798