Elizabeth I of England

Elizabeth I
Elizabeth I
	The Darnley Portrait, c. 1575
Queen of England and Ireland (more...)
Reign	17 November 1558Template:Sndash; 24 March 1603
Coronation	15 January 1559
Purwaj	Mary I and Philip
Successor	James I
Janam	7 September 1533; Palace of Placentia, Greenwich, England
Maut	24 March 1603 (aged 69); Richmond Palace, Surrey, England
Dafan	28 April 1603; Westminster Abbey
House	Tudor
Pitaji	Henry VIII of England
Ammaa	Anne Boleyn
Dharam	Anglicanism
Signature

Elizabeth I of England (7 September 1533 - 24 March 1603), 17 November 1558 se 1603 talak England ke rani rahii jab uske maut bhais rahaa. Uske The Virgin Queen nai to Good Queen Bess bhi bola jaawat rahaa.

Bachpan ke din

Elizabeth ke janam Greenwich Palace me bhais rahaa. Uske naam uske aaji aur naani ke baad, jon duuno ke pahila naam Elizabeth rahaa, rakkha gais rahaa. Uu Henry VIII of England ke dusra baby rahis jon ki janam ke time nai maris. Uske maiya, Henry ke duusra aurat, Anne Boleyn rahis. Janam ke time Elizabeth English throne ke heiress banis kaaheki uske barri bahini ke maiya ke Henry chhorr diis rahaa.

Jab Elizabeth dui saal aur aath mahina ke rahii tab uske maiya ke execute kar dewa gais rahaa. Elizabeth ke illegitimate batawa gais aur uske princess ke naam ke hatae dewa gais.

Parrhai

Elizabeth ke pahila governess, Margaret Bryan, likhis rahaii ki Elizabeth "as toward a child and as gentle of conditions as ever I knew any in my life" rahii.^[1]^[2] Catherine Champernowne, jiske aur achchhaa se uske saadi waala naam, Catherine "Kat" Ashley, se jaana jaae hae, ke Elizabeth ke governess 1537 me banaawa gais rahaa, aur uu Elizabeth ke uske maut 1565 talak rahii. Champernowne Elizabeth ke chaar bhasa parrhae rahii: French, Dutch, Italian, aaur Spanish.^[3] Jab William Grindal uske tutor 1544 me banaa rahaa, Elizabeth English, Latin, aur Italian parrhe-likhe sakat rahii. Grindal, ek talented aur skilful tutor ke niche, uu French aur Greek me bhi aage barrhi.^[4] 12 saal ke umar talak, uu aapan stepmother Catherine Parr ke religious kaam Prayers or Meditations ke English ise Italian, Latin, aur French me translate kare rahii, jon uu aapan pitaji ke ek New Year's gift ke ruup me diye rahii.^[5] Aapan teenage ke jiwan aur aapan jindagu bhar, uu dher chij ke Latin and Greek me translate kare rahii, jon dher classical lekhak se rahaa, jisme Pro Marcello of Cicero, De consolatione philosophiae of Boethius, ek treatise by Plutarch, aur Annals of Tacitus rahaa.^[6]^[5] Tacitus ke ek translation Lambeth Palace Library se, jon chaar bachaa English translations from the early modern era me se ek hae, ke Elizabeth ke aapan 2019 me confirm karaa gais rahaa, handwriting aur paper ke detailed analysis ke baad.^[7]

1548 me Grindal ke maut ke baad, Elizabeth ke parrhai brother Edward ke tutor, Roger Ascham, ek sympathetic teacher jon biswas karat rahaa ki learning should be engaging, uske parrhais rahaa.^[8] Abhi ke jaankaari, Elizabeth ke schooling aur precocity ke baare me, jaada kar ke Ascham ke memoirs se aawe hae.^[4] 1550 me, jab Elizabeth ke formal parrhai khalaas bhais rahaa, tab uu aapan generation ke ek sab se jaada parrhi-likkhi aurat rahii.^[9] Aapan jindagi ke ant me, ii bisweas karaa jaae hae ki uu Welsh, Cornish, Scottish, aur Irish bhasa me baat kare sakat rahii, uppar likha gais bhasa ke saathe. Venetian ambassador 1603 me batais rahaa ke Elizabeth "possessed [these] languages so thoroughly that each appeared to be her native tongue".^[10] Historian Mark Stoyle ii suggest karis hae ki Elizabeth ke saait Cornish William Killigrew, Groom of the Privy Chamber aur baad me Chamberlain of the Exchequer sikhais rahaa.^[11] Elizabeth ek skilled musician bhi rahii, aur ke bajae sakt rahii virginal (harpsichord)^[12] aur lute bhi (jiske Philip van Wilder tutor karis rahaa).^[13] Elizabeth Thomas Tallis ke pahila keyboard oeuvre ke bajais rahaa, jon abhi Mulliner Book me hae, chhote se.^[14]

Jawaani

Henry VIII 1547 me mar gais rahaa aur Elizabeth ke half-brother, Edward VI, raja banaa, nau saal ke umar me. Catherine Parr, Henry ke widow, Thomas Seymour, Baron Seymour of Sudeley, Edward VI ke uncle aur Lord Protector Edward Seymour, Duke of Somerset ke bhaiyaa se saadi kar liis. Ii duuno Elizabeth ke aapan ghar Chelsea lae gain. Huan pe Elizabeth ek emotional crisis experience karis, jon kuchh itihasik biswas kare hae, uske jindagi bhar affect kare rahii. ^[15] Thomas Seymour 14 saal ke Elizabeth romps aur horseplay me involved rahaa, jisme uske bedroom me aapan nightgown pahin ke ghusna bhi rahaa, uske gudgudi lagaawat rahaa, aur uske buttocks ke slap karat rahaa. Elizabeth jaldi se uth ke , apne ke aapan maids se surround karat rahii, jisse ki ii unwelcome morning visits ke avaoid karaa jaae sake. Parr, aapan admii ke confront kare ke jagha , isme join karat rahii. Dui dafe uu aapan admii ke saathe, Elizabeth ke gudgudi lagais rahii, aur ek dafe uske pakrre rahii jab uske admii, Elizabeth ke black gown "hazaar piece me kaatis rahaa".^[16] Lekin jab Parr discovered the pair in an embrace, uu ii kaam ke band kar diis.^[17] In May 1548, Elizabeth was sent away.

Thomas Seymour royal family ke control kare ke kosis karte rahaa aur apne ke raja ke governor banwae ke kosis karis rahaa.^[18]^[19] Jab Parr mar gais bachchaa paida hoe ke baad, 5 September 1548 me, uu Elizabeth ke taraf aapan attitude ke fir se suruu karis, kaaheki uu Elizabeth se saadi kare maangat rahaa.^[20] Uske governess Kat Ashley, Seymour uske ke like karat rahii, aur Elizabeth ke convince kare ke kosis karis kiuu usse saadi kare. uu Elizabeth ke Seymour ke lage likhe ke kosis karis "comfort him in his sorrow",^[21] lekin Elizabeth claimed karis ki Thomasuske stepmother ke maut se saddende dnai rahaa aur comfort nai need karat rahaa.

Legacy

There have been many films about Elizabeth I.

The Private Lives of Elizabeth and Essex (1939) - Bette Davis
The Virgin Queen (1955) - Bette Davis
Elizabeth R, a BBC television series - Glenda Jackson
Elizabeth - Cate Blanchett played Elizabeth I in the film and was nominated for Academy Award for Best Actress.

Duusra websites

↑ Jenkins, Elizabeth the Great 1967, p. 13.
↑ Somerset 2003, p. 11.
↑ Weir, Children of Henry VIII 1997, p. 7.
1 2 Loades 2003, pp. 8–10.
1 2 Sanders, Seth. "Book of translations reveals intellectualism of England's powerful Queen Elizabeth I", University of Chicago Chronicle, 10 October 2002.
↑ McCall, Rosie (29 November 2019). "Mystery author of forgotten Tacitus translation turns out to be Elizabeth I". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.
↑ Faulconbridge, Guy. "Elizabeth I revealed as the translator of Tacitus into English", Reuters, 29 November 2019.Template:Fix/category^{[dead link]}
↑ Somerset 2003, p. 25.
↑ Loades 2003, p. 21.
↑ "Venice: April 1603" Archived 13 Aprel 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 9: 1592–1603 (1897), 562–570. Retrieved 22 March 2012.
↑ Stoyle, Mark. West Britons, Cornish Identities and the Early Modern British State, University of Exeter Press, 2002, p. 220.
↑ Harley, John (1999). William Byrd. Routledge. ISBN 9781315084053.
↑ Spring, Matthew (2001). The Lute in Britain: A History of the Instrument and Its Music (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195188387.
↑ Harley, John (2020). Thomas Tallis (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780367597559.
↑ Loades 2003, p. 11.
↑ Starkey, Apprenticeship 2001, p. 69.
↑ Loades 2003, p. 14.
↑ Haigh 2000, p. 8.
↑ Neale 1954, p. 32.
↑ Williams, Elizabeth 1972, p. 24.
↑ Weir, Children of Henry VIII 1997.

[FOOTNOTEJenkins,_''Elizabeth_the_Great''196713-1] Jenkins, Elizabeth the Great 1967, p. 13.

[FOOTNOTESomerset200311-2] Somerset 2003, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTEWeir,_''Children_of_Henry_VIII''19977-3] Weir, Children of Henry VIII 1997, p. 7.

[FOOTNOTELoades20038–10-4] 1 2 Loades 2003, pp. 8–10.

[Seth_Sanders-5] 1 2 Sanders, Seth. "Book of translations reveals intellectualism of England's powerful Queen Elizabeth I", University of Chicago Chronicle, 10 October 2002.

[6] McCall, Rosie (29 November 2019). "Mystery author of forgotten Tacitus translation turns out to be Elizabeth I". Newsweek. Archived from the original on 10 January 2020. Retrieved 9 January 2020.

[7] Faulconbridge, Guy. "Elizabeth I revealed as the translator of Tacitus into English", Reuters, 29 November 2019.Template:Fix/category^{[dead link]}

[FOOTNOTESomerset200325-8] Somerset 2003, p. 25.

[FOOTNOTELoades200321-9] Loades 2003, p. 21.

[10] "Venice: April 1603" Archived 13 Aprel 2014 at the Wayback Machine, Calendar of State Papers Relating to English Affairs in the Archives of Venice, Volume 9: 1592–1603 (1897), 562–570. Retrieved 22 March 2012.

[11] Stoyle, Mark. West Britons, Cornish Identities and the Early Modern British State, University of Exeter Press, 2002, p. 220.

[12] Harley, John (1999). William Byrd. Routledge. ISBN 9781315084053.

[13] Spring, Matthew (2001). The Lute in Britain: A History of the Instrument and Its Music (1st ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780195188387.

[14] Harley, John (2020). Thomas Tallis (1st ed.). Routledge. ISBN 9780367597559.

[FOOTNOTELoades200311-15] Loades 2003, p. 11.

[FOOTNOTEStarkey,_''Apprenticeship''200169-16] Starkey, Apprenticeship 2001, p. 69.

[FOOTNOTELoades200314-17] Loades 2003, p. 14.

[FOOTNOTEHaigh20008-18] Haigh 2000, p. 8.

[FOOTNOTENeale195432-19] Neale 1954, p. 32.

[FOOTNOTEWilliams,_''Elizabeth''197224-20] Williams, Elizabeth 1972, p. 24.

[FOOTNOTEWeir,_''Children_of_Henry_VIII''1997-21] Weir, Children of Henry VIII 1997.

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