Charles Dickens

Charles Dickens
Charles Dickens
	;
Janam	Charles John Huffam Dickens; 7 February 1812; Landport, Hampshire, England;
Maut	9 June 1870 (aged 58); Gad's Hill Place, Higham, Kent, England;
Kaam	Novelist
Notable work(s)	Sketches by Boz, Oliver Twist, Barnaby Rudge, A Christmas Carol, Martin Chuzzlewit, A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times, Our Mutual Friend
	Influences
	Influenced
Signature

Charles Dickens ke janam 7 February 1812 ke Portsmouth, England me bhaes rahaa. Uske baap rahaa, John Dickens, ek naval pay clerk, aur maiya rahii Elizabeth Barrow.

Jab Dickens paanch saal ke rahaa tab uske palwaar Chatham chal diin, aur paanch saal ke baad uu logan Camden, London me jaae ke rahe lagin. Dickens ek factory me kaam karis jab uske baap jahel me rahaa. Uske factory ke experience uske book lokhe me kaam diis.

Dickens ke book me rahaa Oliver Twist, Great Expectations, David Copperfield, Nicholas Nickelby and The Old Curiosity Shop, A Christmas Carol. Charles Dickens ke maut 9 June, 1870 me bhaes.

Bachpan ke din

photograph — 2 Ordnance Terrace (house on rahin left), Chatham, Kent, jon Dickens ke ghar 1817 se 1821 talak rahaa

Charles John Huffam Dickens ke janam 7 February 1812 me 1 Mile End Terrace (abi ke 393 Commercial Road), Landport, Portsea Island me (Portsmouth), Hampshire bhais rahaa. Uu of Elizabeth Dickens (née Barrow; 1789–1863) aur John Dickens (1785–1851) ke aath larrkan me se duusra rahaa. Uske pitaji Royal Navy Pay Office me el clerk rahaa aur temporarily ii district me stationed rahaa. Uu Christopher Huffam, Royal Navy ke ek rigger aur ek established firm ke heas, ke Charles ke godfather bane ke puuchis rahaa.^[1] Huffam ke Paul Dombey, jon ek shipping company ke malik Dickens ke novel Dombey and Son (1848) me rahaa, ke inspiration maana jaawe hae.^[1]

January 1815 me, John Dickens ke London balaawa gais rahaa, aur uske palwaar Norfolk Street, Fitzrovia me jaae ke rahe lagaa.^[2] Jab Charles chaar saal ke rahaa tab uulog Sheerness aur iske baad Chatham, Kent me rahat rahin, jahaan pe uu aapan bhachpan ke din rahis , 11 saal ke umar talak.^[3] Uske bachpan ke din achchhaa rahaa, lekin uu apne ke "bahut chhotaa aur achchhaa se nai dekhaa gais larrkaa " sochat rahaa.^[4]

Charles ghar se baahar jaada samay spend karis rahaa, lekin uu dher parrhat bhi rahaa, jisme Tobias Smollett aur Henry Fielding kepicaresque novels rahaa, aur iske saathe Robinson Crusoe aur Gil Blas. Uu The Arabian Nights ke dher dafe parrhis rahaa aur "TheCollected Farces of Elizabeth Inchbald".^[5] Saat saal ke umar me, uu pahila dafe Joseph Grimaldi—modern clowning ke father— ke perform karte Star Theatre Rochester, Kent me dekhis rahaa.^[6] Uu baad me Grimaldi ke clowning ke dher dafe nakal utaris rahaa, aur Memoirs of Joseph Grimaldi ke edit karis rahaa.^[7]^{[nb 1]} Uske aapan bachpan ke time achchhaa se yaad rahaa , jiske uu aapan lekh me kaam me laais rahaa.^[10] Uske pitaji ke kuchh din ke kaam Navy Pay Office ke clerk ke ruup me, ke kaaran uske kuchh din ke private education milaa rahaa, pahile ek dame school me aur baad me ek school jiske William Giles, ek dissenter, Chatham me chalaat rahaa.^[11]

drawing — An illustration by Fred Bernard of Dickens at work in a shoe-blacking factory after his father had been sent to rahin Marshalsea, published in rahin 1892 edition of Forster's *Life of Charles Dickens*^[12]

Ii time June 1822 me khalaas bhais, jab John Dickens ke Navy Pay Office headquarters Somerset House me balaawa gais rahaa aur uske palwaar (Charles ke chhorr ke, jon pichchhe ruk ke aapan school ke aakhri term ke khalaas karis) Camden Town, London mr jaae ke rahe lagin.^[13] Uske palwaar Kent ke chhorre rahin dher karjaa me,^[14] aur John Dickens ke uske creditors uske Marshalsea debtors' prison Southwark, London me, 1824 me jahel karae de rahin. Uske aurat are sab se chhotaa larrkan uske saathe jahel me rahin, jaise uutime howat rahaa.. Charles, jon uutime 12 saal ke rahaa, Elizabeth Roylance, palwaar ke ek dost, 112 College Place, Camden Town me rahat rahaa.^[15] Mrs Roylance "a reduced impoverished old lady, long known to our family", jiske baare me baad me Dickens likhis rahaa, "with a few alterations and embellishments", as "Mrs Pipchin" in Dombey and Son me. Baad me uu ek back-attic me ek ghar jon ek agent for rahin Insolvent Court, Archibald Russell, "ek motaa, achchhaa nature ke , dayalu buddhaa admii ... jiske ek chuppi burrhiyaa aurat rahaa " aur ek langrraa larrkaa, Lant Street, Southwark me.^[16] Isse uske inspiration Garlands in The Old Curiosity Shop ke khaatir milaa rahaa.^[17]

Etwaar ke—aapan bahini, Frances ke saathe, jon uutime aapan parrhai Royal Academy of Music se free rahat rahii— uu din ke Marshalsea me bitais rahaa.^[18] Dickens baad me jahel ke aapan book me Little Dorrit ke setting banais rahaa. Aapan rahe ke kharchaa aur aapan palwaar ke madat kare ke khaatir, Dickens ke school chhorr Warren's Blacking Warehouse, on Hungerford Stairs me 10 ghantaa roj ke kaam kare ke parraa rahaa. Ii abhi ke Charing Cross railway station ke nagiich rahaa, jahaan pe uske chhe shillings haftaa milat rahaa, pots of boot blacking me labels chapkae ke. Ii karraa kaam ke asar Dickens pe rahaa aur uske fiction aur essays ke influence karis rahaa, jon khaas kaaran rahaa ki uu reform of socio-economic aur labour conditions me interest liis rahaa, jon uu sochat rahaa ki garib jaada sahat rahin. Uu baad me likhis rahaa: "how I could have been so easily cast away at such an age".^[19]

Jab warehouse ke hatae ke Chandos Street , Covent Garden ke busy jagha me karaa gais rahaa, tab larrkaa logan ek room me kaam karat rahin jon ek street me khulat rahaa. Kuch log batur ke uulog ke dekhar rahin. Dickens ke biographer Simon Callow ke estimation me, ii public display "a new refinement added to his misery" rahaa.^[20]

Uske kahek jaae ke kuchh din baad, John Dickens, Elizabeth Dickens ke maiyaa, mar gais aur uske £450 milaa rahaa. Ii paisa mile ke kaaran , Dickens ke jahel se chhorr sewa gais rahaa. Insolvent Debtors Act ke niche, Dickens aapan creditors ke paisa diis, aur uu aur uske palwaar Marshalsea se bahaae aae gain,^[21] Mrs Roylance ke ghar me jaae ke rahe lagin.

References

1 2 West, Gilian (Spring 1999). "Huffam and Son". The Dickensian (Dickens Fellowship) 95 (447): 5–18.
↑ (Callow 2012, p. 5)
↑ (Callow 2012, p. 9)
↑ (Forster 2006, p. 13).
↑ (Callow 2012, p. 7)
↑ Charles Dickens: Collected Papers, Vol. 1, Preface to Grimaldi, p. 9
1 2 (Forster 2006, p. 65).
↑ Slater, p. 178
↑ Dolby, pp. 39–40
↑ (Ackroyd 1990, pp. 22–24:29–30).
↑ (Ackroyd 1990, p. 41).
↑ (Schlicke 1999, p. 158).
↑ (Callow 2009, p. 13)
↑ (Ackroyd 1990, p. 76):'recklessly improvident'.
↑ (Pope-Hennessy 1945, p. 11).
↑ (Forster 2006, p. 27).
↑ (Ackroyd 1990, p. 76).
↑ (Wilson 1972, p. 53).
↑ Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Foster23
↑ (Callow 2009, p. 25)
↑ (Schlicke 1999, p. 157).

Duusra websites

Charles Dickens mobile ebooks

↑ John Forster quotes an unpublished letter in which Dickens responds to the accusation that he must not have seen Grimaldi in person: "Now, Sir, although I was brought up from remote country parts in the dark ages of 1819 and 1820 to behold the splendour of Christmas pantomimes and the humour of Joe, in whose honour I am informed I clapped my hands with great precocity, and although I even saw him act in the remote times of 1823 ... I am willing ... to concede that I had not arrived at man's estate when Grimaldi left the stage".^[7] When Dickens arrived in America for the first time in 1842, he stayed at the Tremont House, America's "pioneer first-class hotel". Dickens "bounded into the Tremont's foyer shouting out 'Here we are!', Grimaldi's famous catch-phrase and as such entirely appropriate for a great and cherished entertainer making his entrance upon a new stage."^[8] Later, Dickens was known to imitate Grimaldi's clowning on several occasions.^[9]

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "nb", but no corresponding <references group="nb"/> tag was found

[West1999-1] 1 2 West, Gilian (Spring 1999). "Huffam and Son". The Dickensian (Dickens Fellowship) 95 (447): 5–18.

[Callow2012p5-2] (Callow 2012, p. 5)

[Callow2012p9-3] (Callow 2012, p. 9)

[4] (Forster 2006, p. 13).

[Callow2012p7-5] (Callow 2012, p. 7)

[6] Charles Dickens: Collected Papers, Vol. 1, Preface to Grimaldi, p. 9

[Forster65-7] 1 2 (Forster 2006, p. 65).

[Slater178-8] Slater, p. 178

[9] Dolby, pp. 39–40

[11] (Ackroyd 1990, pp. 22–24:29–30).

[12] (Ackroyd 1990, p. 41).

[13] (Schlicke 1999, p. 158).

[Callow2009p13-14] (Callow 2009, p. 13)

[15] (Ackroyd 1990, p. 76):'recklessly improvident'.

[16] (Pope-Hennessy 1945, p. 11).

[17] (Forster 2006, p. 27).

[18] (Ackroyd 1990, p. 76).

[19] (Wilson 1972, p. 53).

[Foster23-20] Cite error: Invalid <ref> tag; no text was provided for refs named Foster23

[Callow2009p25-21] (Callow 2009, p. 25)

[22] (Schlicke 1999, p. 157).

[10] John Forster quotes an unpublished letter in which Dickens responds to the accusation that he must not have seen Grimaldi in person: "Now, Sir, although I was brought up from remote country parts in the dark ages of 1819 and 1820 to behold the splendour of Christmas pantomimes and the humour of Joe, in whose honour I am informed I clapped my hands with great precocity, and although I even saw him act in the remote times of 1823 ... I am willing ... to concede that I had not arrived at man's estate when Grimaldi left the stage".^[7] When Dickens arrived in America for the first time in 1842, he stayed at the Tremont House, America's "pioneer first-class hotel". Dickens "bounded into the Tremont's foyer shouting out 'Here we are!', Grimaldi's famous catch-phrase and as such entirely appropriate for a great and cherished entertainer making his entrance upon a new stage."^[8] Later, Dickens was known to imitate Grimaldi's clowning on several occasions.^[9]

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Charles Dickens

Janam	Charles John Huffam Dickens 7 February 1812(1812-02-07) Landport, Hampshire, England
Maut	9 June 1870 (aged 58) Gad's Hill Place, Higham, Kent, England
Kaam	Novelist
Notable work(s)	Sketches by Boz, Oliver Twist, Barnaby Rudge, A Christmas Carol, Martin Chuzzlewit, A Tale of Two Cities, David Copperfield, Great Expectations, Bleak House, Little Dorrit, Hard Times, Our Mutual Friend

Influences Honoré de Balzac, Miguel de Cervantes, Victor Hugo, Washington Irving, William Shakespeare

Influenced T. Coraghessan Boyle, Fyodor Dostoevsky, George Gissing, Thomas Hardy, John Irving, Edgar Allan Poe, Tom Wolfe, G. K. Chesterton, George Orwell, Ray Bradbury, Mervyn Peake

Signature