Anton Chekhov

Anton Chekhov
Anton Chekhov
	; Chekhov in 1889
Kaam	Writer, physician, philanthropist
Alma mater	First Moscow State Medical University
Literary movement	Realism
Notable work(s)	The Seagull; Three Sisters;
Notable award(s)	Pushkin Prize
Spouse(s)	Olga Knipper (m. 1901)
Relative(s)	Alexander Chekhov (bhaiyaa); Nikolai Chekhov (bhaiyaa); Maria Chekhova (bahini); Mikhail Chekhov (bhaiyaa); Michael Chekhov (bhatija); Olga Chekhova (patoh); Ada Tschechowa (naatin); Vera Tschechowa (par-naatin); Hartmut Reck (great-great nephew-in-law); Vadim Glowna (great-great nephew-in-law); Lev Knipper (bhatija); Marina Ried (great-niece); Rudolf Platte (great-nephew-in-law)
Signature

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov (29 January 1860 - 15 July 1904) ek Russia ke writer rahaa jon ki short stories aur plays likhat rahaa.

1887 me Chekhov ek play Ivanov jiske uu nai like karis lekin aur log bahut like karin rahaa.

1890 me uu ek book, The Island Of Salakhin likhis jon ki uu island me prisoner log ke baare me rahaa.

Jeewan Kahaani

Bachpan

Anton Pavlovich Chekhov ke janam St. Anthony the Great ke feast day ke din, 29 January 1860 (17 January Old Style) me Taganrog, ek commercial port Sea of Azov me – Politseyskaya (Police) street, baad me jiske naam Chekhova street rahaa – southern Russia, me bhais rahaa. Uu chhe jindaa larrkan me se tiisra rahaa; uske dui barraa bhaiyaa, Alexander aur Nikolai, aur tiin chhotaa siblings, Ivan, Maria, aur Mikhail rahin. Uske pitaji, Pavel Yegorovich Chekhov, pahile ke serf ke larrka aur uske aurat,^[1] Olkhovatka gaon ke rahin (Voronezh Governorate) aur ek dukaan ke chalaawat rahin. Uu parish choir ke director rahaa, ek kattar Orthodox Christian, aur aapan larrkan ke dher pitat rahaa. Pavel Chekhov ke dher historians uske larrka ke dher portraits of hypocrisy ke model maana jaawat rahaa.^[2] Chekhov ke maiyaa, Yevgeniya (Morozova), ek achchhaa khissa batae waali rahii aur larrkan ke ke aapan Russia bhar me aapan kaprraa beche waala pitaji ke saathe ghume ke, khissa bataawat rahii. ^[3]^[4]^[5] "Hamlog ke talents aapan pitaji se aais hae," Chekhov yaad kare hae, "lekin hamaar dil hamaar maiyaa se aais hae."^[6]

Chhotaa Chekhov Greek School in Taganrog aur The Taganrog Boys Gymnasium (abhi jiske naam badal ke Chekhov Gymnasium kar dewa gais hae) me parrhis rahaa. Huan pe uske pandrah saal ke umar me ek class ke repeat kare ke rarraa rahaa, kaaheki uu Ancient Greek exam ke fail hoe gais rahaa.^[7] Uu Greek Orthodox monastery, Taganrog me gaana gaawat rahaa aapan pitaji ke choirs me. 1892 ke ek chitthi me uu aapan bachpan ke "suffering" sabd ke kaam me laae ke describe karis rahaa and yaad karis hae ki:

Jab hamaar bhaiyaa log aur ham, church ke biich me kharra hoe ke "May my prayer be exalted", nai to "The Archangel's Voice" ke gaata rahaa, tab sab log hamlog ke bhao se dekhat rahin aur hamlog ke mai-baap ke envy karat rahin, lekin hamlog uu time jaheli ke rakam feel kartaa rahaa.^[8]

Chekhov theatre ke chhorr diis rahaa, jab uske play The Seagull ke 1896 me achchhaa reception nai milaa rahaa, lekin 1898 me ii play revive karaa gais rahaa Konstantin Stanislavski's Moscow Art Theatre me, jon baad me Chekhov ke Uncle Vanya ke bhi play karis rahaa aur uske aakhri dui play ke premiere karis rahaa, Three Sisters aur The Cherry Orchard. Ii chaar kaam acting ensemble ke ek challenge presnt kare hae^{[lower-alpha 1]} aur audiences bhi, kaaheki conventional action ke jagha, Chekhov ek "theatre of mood" aur ek "submerged life in the text." ke offer kare hae. ^{[lower-alpha 2]} Jon play Chekhov likhis rahaa, complex nai rahaa, aur ek rakam ke darae waala atmosphere audience ke khaator banai rahaa. ^[11]

Chekhov khissa lekhe ke suruu karis rahaa, paisa kamae ke khaatir, lekin jaise uske artistic ambition barrhaa, uu formal innovations karis jon evolution of the modern short story ke influence kais rahaa.^{[lower-alpha 3]}^[13] Uu koi maafi nai maangis rahaa,jon karrai uu appan parrhe waala log pe lagais rahaa, ii bol ke ki ek artist ke role sawaal kare ke hae, jawaab de ke nai. .^[14]

Pahila lekh

Chekhov then assum tab aapan puura palwaar ke dekhe lagaa rahaa.^[15] Uu log ke support kare ke khaatir aur aapan tuition fees ke pay kare ke khaatir, uu roj chhota-chhota khissa likhat rahaa, humorous sketches and vignettes of contemporary Russian jindagi ke baare me, pseudonyms jaise "Antosha Chekhonte" (Антоша Чехонте) aur "Man Without Spleen" (Человек без селезенки) ke niche. Uske dher lekh ke kaaran uske ek satirical chronicler of Russian street life maana jaawat rahaa, aur 1882 talak uu Oskolki (Fragments) ke khaatir likhat rahaa, jiske Nikolai Leykin own karat rahaa, jon uu time ke ek leading publisher rahaa.^[16] Chekhov ke tone ii time aur kathor rahaa uske baad ke lekh se .^[17]^[18]

Duusra website

Антон Павлович Чехов Texts of Chekhov's works in the original Russian. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
Web page A.P. Chekhov Archived 2010-07-04 at the Wayback Machine on a site of the Taganrog Central Public Library named after A. P. Chekhov

References

↑ (Rayfield 1997, pp. 3–4): Egor Mikhailovich Chekhov aur Efrosinia Emelianovna
↑ (Wood 2000, p. 78)
↑ Payne 1991, p. XVII.
↑ Simmons 1970, p. 18.
↑ "taganrogcity.com | Chekhov & Taganrog". www.taganrogcity.com. Retrieved 2025-02-15.
↑ From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mihail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.
↑ Bartlett, pp. 4–5.Template:Incomplete short citation
↑ Letter to I.L. Shcheglov, 9 March 1892. Letters of Anton Chekhov.
↑ Miles 1993, p. 9.
↑ Allen 2002, p. 13.
↑ Hingley, Ronald Francis (25 January 2022). "Anton Chekhov – Biography, Plays, Short Stories, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 April 2022.
↑ Power & Joyce 1974, p. 57.
↑ "Tchehov's breach with the classical tradition is the most significant event in modern literature," John Middleton Murry, in Athenaeum, 8 April 1922, cited in Bartlett's introduction to About Love.
↑ Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich (2004-09-01) (in English). Letters of Anton Chekhov to His Family and Friends. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6408.
↑ Wood 2000, p. 79.
↑ Rayfield 1997, p. 91.
↑ "There is in these miniatures an arresting potion of cruelty ... The wonderfully compassionate Chekhov was yet to mature." "Vodka Miniatures, Belching and Angry Cats", George Steiner's review of The Undiscovered Chekhov in The Observer, 13 May 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2007.
↑ Willis, Louis (27 January 2013). "Chekhov's Crime Stories". Literary and Genre. Knoxville: SleuthSayers.

↑ "Actors climb up Chekhov like a mountain, roped together, sharing the glory if they ever make it to the summit." – Ian McKellen^[9]
↑ "Chekhov's art demands a theatre of mood." – Vsevolod Meyerhold^[10]
↑ "He brought something new into literature." – James Joyce^[12]

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[1] (Rayfield 1997, pp. 3–4): Egor Mikhailovich Chekhov aur Efrosinia Emelianovna

[Wood_78-2] (Wood 2000, p. 78)

[FOOTNOTEPayne1991XVII-3] Payne 1991, p. XVII.

[FOOTNOTESimmons197018-4] Simmons 1970, p. 18.

[5] "taganrogcity.com | Chekhov & Taganrog". www.taganrogcity.com. Retrieved 2025-02-15.

[Bio-6] From the biographical sketch, adapted from a memoir by Chekhov's brother Mihail, which prefaces Constance Garnett's translation of Chekhov's letters, 1920.

[Bartlett_4-5-7] Bartlett, pp. 4–5.Template:Incomplete short citation

[multiref1-8] Letter to I.L. Shcheglov, 9 March 1892. Letters of Anton Chekhov.

[FOOTNOTEMiles1993[https://archive.org/details/chekhovonbritish0000unse/page/8/mode/2up_9]-9] Miles 1993, p. 9.

[FOOTNOTEAllen2002[https://archive.org/details/performingchekho0000alle/page/12/mode/2up_13]-11] Allen 2002, p. 13.

[Hingley_2022-13] Hingley, Ronald Francis (25 January 2022). "Anton Chekhov – Biography, Plays, Short Stories, & Facts". Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 26 April 2022.

[FOOTNOTEPowerJoyce197457-14] Power & Joyce 1974, p. 57.

[16] "Tchehov's breach with the classical tradition is the most significant event in modern literature," John Middleton Murry, in Athenaeum, 8 April 1922, cited in Bartlett's introduction to About Love.

[17] Chekhov, Anton Pavlovich (2004-09-01) (in English). Letters of Anton Chekhov to His Family and Friends. https://www.gutenberg.org/ebooks/6408.

[FOOTNOTEWood200079-18] Wood 2000, p. 79.

[FOOTNOTERayfield199791-19] Rayfield 1997, p. 91.

[Obs-20] "There is in these miniatures an arresting potion of cruelty ... The wonderfully compassionate Chekhov was yet to mature." "Vodka Miniatures, Belching and Angry Cats", George Steiner's review of The Undiscovered Chekhov in The Observer, 13 May 2001. Retrieved 16 February 2007.

[SS1-21] Willis, Louis (27 January 2013). "Chekhov's Crime Stories". Literary and Genre. Knoxville: SleuthSayers.

[10] "Actors climb up Chekhov like a mountain, roped together, sharing the glory if they ever make it to the summit." – Ian McKellen^[9]

[12] "Chekhov's art demands a theatre of mood." – Vsevolod Meyerhold^[10]

[15] "He brought something new into literature." – James Joyce^[12]

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