Purana Egypt
Puraana Egypt | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| c. 3150 BC – 30 BC | |||||||||
 | |||||||||
| Capital | Dekho Egypt ke puraana capital ke suchi | ||||||||
| Common languages | Egyptian bhasa | ||||||||
| Religion | Egyptian dharam | ||||||||
| Historical era | Ancient history | ||||||||
• Unification of Upper aur Lower Egypt ke | c. 3150 BC | ||||||||
• Early Dynastic Period | c. 3150 BC – 2686 BC | ||||||||
• Old Kingdom | 2686 BC – 2181 BC | ||||||||
• Middle Kingdom | 2134 BC – 1690 BC | ||||||||
• New Kingdom | 1549 BC – 1078/77 BC | ||||||||
• Late Period | 664 BC – 332 BC | ||||||||
• Ptolemaic Kingdom | 332 BC – 30 BC | ||||||||
• Roman Empire ke niche | 30 BC | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Purana jamana ke Misr uu samaj rahaa jon ki 3,500 BC se lae ke 20 BC talak rahaa, jab uske Roman Empire invade kar diis rahaa. Ii Nile naddi ke kinare banaa aur second millennium BC me sab se jaada tgatwar rahaa. Ek time pe ii logan ke pahunch Nile delta se lae ke Sudan ke Jebel Barkal talak rahaa.
Ancient Egypt Nile ke paani pe nirbhar rahaa jisse ki uu logan kheti kare sake. Purana jamana ke Egyptians log ke ek rakam ke likhe ke dhang, jiske hieroglyphs bola jaawe hae, ke khatir jaana jaawe hae aur ii logn baraa baraa mandir aur tomb bhi banain, duusra des se trade karin aur iske lage ek tagatwar military bhi rahaa. Egypt ke dharam aapan rajah aur pahile ke log ke aadar kare pe based rahaa.
Itihaas
[badlo | source ke badlo]Nile uske ilaaka ke ke jindagi de waala, insaan ke itihaas ke suruu se rahaa hae. Nile ke upjau insaan ke mauka diis hae ki uu ek settled agricultural economy ke develop kare aur jaada sophisticated, centralized society banae jon insaan ke civilization ke cornerstone banaa hae.
Puraana jamaana
[badlo | source ke badlo].jpg)
Predynastic aur Early Dynastic jamaana me, Egyptian ke mausam abhi se kamtii jhuuraa rahaa. Egypt ke dher hissa savanna rahaa jahaan pe dher rakam ke giraas khaae waala jaanwar rahat rahin. Jaanwar aur perr abhi se aur jaada rakam ke rahaa aur Nile me dher rakam ke paani waala chirriya rahin. Egypt ke log ke khaatir sikaari commonrahaa aur ii jamaana me jaanwar ke bhi paaltu karaa gais rahaa.
Lagbhag 5500 BC talak, chhota-chhota tribe jon Nile valley mr rahat rahin ek series of cultures me develop hoe gay rahin jisme kisaani achchhaa ke karaa jaawat rahaa aur jaanwar ke paala jaawat rahaa, aur uu log ke unke pottery aur personal items, jaise kanghii, bracelets, and beads se pahchaana jaawat rahaa. Isme se sab se barraa rahaa upper (Southern) Egypt me Badarian sanskriti, jon saait Western Desert me suruu bhas rahaa; iske high-quality ceramics, paththar ke aujaar, aur taamba ke kaam me laawe ke khaatir jaana jaawe hae.
Badari ke baad Naqada sanskriti rahaa: Naqada I (Amratian), Naqada II (Gerzeh), aur Naqada III (Semainean). Ii log dher technological improvements kare rahin. Naqada I ke jamaana me, predynastic Egyptians obsidian Ethiopia se import karat rahin, aue isse blades aur suusra chij ke banaawat rahin . Levant se trade Naqada II (c. 3600–3350 BC) me suruu bhais rahaa; ii jamaa na me trade with Mesopotamia bhi suruu bhais rahaa, jon early dynastic period aur usse aage chalte rahaa. 1,000 saal talak, Naqada ke sanskriti kuchh chhotaa kheti waala community se develop hoe ke ek taagatwar civilization ban gais rahaa jiske neta ke puura taagat rahaa, log ke aur Nile valley ke resources pe. Ek power center ke Nekhen me, aur baad me Abydos me, Naqada III ke netaa aapam control ke Egypt ke north me along the Nile barrhae rahin. Uu log south me Nubia , weatern desert ke oases se aur eastern Mediterranean aur Near East ke snakriti, east me, se trade karat rahin.to the east.
Naqada sanskriti dher chij ke banaawat rahin, jisse raaj kare waala log aur dhani ban gae rahin aur kanghii, small statuary, painted pottery, high quality decorative stone vases, cosmetic palettes, and jewelry made of gold, lapis, and ivory ke kaam me laawat rahin. Uulog ceramic glaze ke bhi banae rahin, jiske faience bola jaawat rahaa, jiske Roman Period me cups, amulets, aur figurines ke decorate karaa jaawat rahaa. Predynastic jamaana me, Naqada sanskriti written symbols ke kaam me laawe lage rahin jon baad me jon puraana Egyptian bhasa likhe waala full system of hieroglyphs, hoe gais rahaa.