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Albrecht Dürer

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Albrecht Dürer

Self-Portrait (1500) by Albrecht Dürer
Born21 May 1471
Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire
Died6 April 1528
Nuremberg, Holy Roman Empire
NationalityGerman
FieldPrintmaking, Painting
WorksKnight, Death, and the Devil (1513)

Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) Melencolia I (1514) Dürer's Rhinoceros

Albrecht Dürer (21 May 1471 – 6 April 1528) [1] ek Germany ke chitrkaar, engraver aur mathematician rahaa. Uske janam Nuremberg, Germany me bhais rahaa.

Uu jab 20s me rahaa tab uske naam Europe bhar me fael gais rahaa aur uske Renaissance ke time me Northern Europe ke sab se achchhaa artist maana jaawat rahaa. Uske kaam me Apocalypse woodcuts, Knight, Death, aur Devil (1513), Saint Jerome in his Study (1514) aur Melencolia I (1514) rahaa. Uske watercolours uske Europe ke pahila landscape artist banais, aur uske woodcuts, lakrri waala art ke jaana maana kar diis.

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Jiwan kahaani

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Bachpan ke din (1471–1490)

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13 saal ke umar me, apne banaawa gais chhaapa, 1484, Albertina, Vienna

Dürer ke janam 21 May 1471 me bhais rahaa. Uu Albrecht Dürer the Elder aur Barbara Holper ke tiisra larrka rahaa, jon 1467 me saadi kare rahin.[2][3] Albrecht Dürer the Elder (pahile Albrecht Ajtósi) ek successful sonaar rahaa, jon 1455 talak Nuremberg chal diis rahaa, Ajtós se, jon Gyula in Hungary ke nagiich hae.[4] Uu Barbara se saadi karis, jon uske master ke larrki rahii, jab uu apne master banaa rahaa. [3] Uske aurat ke maiyaa, Klinga Öllinger bhi Hungary ke rahii,[5] kaaheki uu Sopron me paida bhae rahii. Ii duuno ke 18 larrkan rahin, jisme se khaali tiin jindaa rahin. Hans Dürer (1490–1534), bhi ek chitrkaar banaa rahaa, buddhaa Albrecht ke niche parrhis rahaa. Ek bachaa bhaiyaa, Endres Dürer (1484–1555), aapan pitaji ke business le liis rahaa aur ek master goldsmith rahaa.[6] German naam "Dürer" Hungarian sabd, "Ajtósi" ke translation hae.[4] Pahule ii , it was "Türer", jiske matlab doormaker hae, jon "ajtós" hae Hungarian me ( "ajtó" se, jiske matlab palla hae). Ek palla palwaar ke coat-of-arms me hae. Albrecht Dürer the Younger baad me "Türer" ke badal diis rahaa, "Dürer" me, jisse ki uu local Nuremberg dialect ke kaam me laae.[3]

Kaaheki Dürer aapan baare me mid-twenties me likis rahaa, uske jindagi ke baare me achchhaa se jaana jaawe hae. Kuchh sall ke school ke baad, Dürer goldsmithing ke basics ke baare me aurdrawing, aapan pitaji se sikhis rahaa. Jab ki uske pitaji maangat rahaa ki uu aapan sonaar ke training karte rahe, uu drawing me achchhaa talent dekhais rahaa uske Michael Wolgemut ke saathe apprentiship , 15 saal ke umar me, 1486 me suruu karis.[7] Uske ek pane ke banaawa gias chhaapa, silverpoint me, jiske taarik 1484 hae (Albertina, Vienna) "when I was a child", jaise uske baad ke inscription dekhae hae. Ii chhaapa, sab se puraana larrkan ke drawing hae, jon abhi talak hae , aur kaaheki, as Dürer's Opus One, has helped define his oeuvre as deriving from, and always linked to, himself.[8] Wolgemut, uutime Nuremberg me ek leading chitrkaar rahaa, jiske ek barra workshop rahaa, jon dher rakam ke artwork banaawat rahaa, khaas kar ke particular woodcuts for books me. Nuremberg uutime ek important aur prosperous city rahaa, a centre for publishing and many luxury trades. Iske tagrraa link Italy, khaas kar ke Venice, jon khaali thorraa duur rahaa Alps ke uppar se.[9]

Dürer ke godfather, Anton Koberger goldsmithing ke chhorr ke ek printer aur publisher Dürer ke janam ke saal me banaa rahaa. Uu Germany ke sab se jaada successful publisher banaa rahaa jon twenty-four printing-presses ke own karat rahaa aur dher offices Germany aur duusra des me rahaa. Koberger ke sab jaada famous publication rahaa Nuremberg Chronicle, jiske 1493 me German aur Latin me publish karaa gais rahaa. Isme 1,809 woodcut illustrations (albeit with many repeated uses of the same block) Wolgemut workshop se rahaa. Dürer saait isme se ek me kaam karis rahaa, kaaheki ii project pe kaam suruu bhais rahaa jab uu Wolgemut ke saathe rahaa.[9]

Wanderjahre and marriage (1490–1494)

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The earliest painted Self-Portrait (Holding a Thistle), 1493, oil, originally on vellum, Louvre, Paris

Aapan apprenticeship ke khalaas kare ke baad, Dürer common German custom of taking Wanderjahre—in effect gap years—in which the apprentice learned skills from other masters, their local tradition and individual styles; Dürer lagbhag chaar saal duur rahaa. UU hian se 1490 me chhorris, saait Martin Schongauer ke niche kaam kare ke khaatir, jon Northern Europe ke leading engraver rahaa, lekin uu Dürer ke aae se pahile 1492 me mar gais rahaa. Ii nai jaana jaawe hae ki Dürer biich ke time kahaan gais rahaa, lekin ii likely hae ki uu Frankfurt aur Netherlands gais rahaa. Colmar me, Dürer ke Schongauer's bhaiyaa logan awagat kare rahin, Caspar aur Paul jon goldsmith rahin aur chitrkaar Ludwig. Wahii saal baad me , Dürer Basel gais rahaa Martin Schongauer ke ek aur bhaiyaa, goldsmith Georg, ke saathe rahe ke khaatir.[n 1] 1493 me, Dürer Strasbourg gais, jahan uu sculpture of Nikolaus Gerhaert ke experience karis rahaa. Dürer ke pahila painted self-portrait (now in the Louvre) ii time paunt karaa gais rahaa, saait aapan friends ke Nuremberg me, ke lage bheja jaae.[9]

Dürer' ke aapan aurat, Agnes Frey (″Mein Agnes") ke chhaapa, 1494, Albertina, Vienna


References

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  1. ↑ Mueller, Peter O. (1993) Substantiv-Derivation in Den Schriften Albrecht Durers, Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 3-11-012815-2.
  2. ↑ Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 11.
  3. 1 2 3 Bartrum, 93, n. 1.
  4. 1 2 Heaton, Mrs. Charles (1881). The Life of Albrecht Dürer of Nürnberg: With a Translation of His Letters and Journal and an Account of His Works. London: Seeley, Jackson and Halliday. pp. 29, 31–32. https://archive.org/details/lifeofalbrechtdu00heat.
  5. ↑ "Albrecht Dürer (1471–1528) and Hungary". Hungarian-Ottoman Wars. 4 May 2020.
  6. ↑ Brion (1960), 16.
  7. ↑ Brand Philip & Anzelewsky (1978–79), 10.
  8. ↑ Joseph Koerner, The Moment of Self-Portraiture in Renaissance Art, University of Chicago Press, 1993.page missing.
  9. 1 2 3 Giulia Bartrum, Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy, British Museum Press, 2002, ISBN 0-7141-2633-0.Page missing.

Books/sources

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  • Giulia Bartrum (2002), Albrecht Dürer and his Legacy, British Museum Press. ISBN 0-7141-2633-0
  • Walter L. Strauss (Editor) (1973), The Complete Engravings, Etchings and Drypoints of Albrecht Durer, Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-22851-7 — still in print in paperback.
  • Wilhelm Kurth (Editor) (2000), The Complete Woodcuts of Albrecht Durer, Dover Publications. ISBN 0-486-21097-9 — still in print in paperback.


Duusra websites

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  1. ↑ Here he produced a woodcut of St Jerome as a frontispiece for Nicholaus Kessler's Epistolare beati Hieronymi. Erwin Panofsky argues that this print combined the "Ulmian style" of Koberger's Lives of the Saints (1488) and that of Wolgemut's workshop. Panofsky (1945), 21.
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