"France" ke source dekho

'''France''' ([[French bhasa|French]]: ''France''), jiske official naam  '''French Republic''' (French: ''République française'') hae, [[Europe]] ke ek [[des]] hae. Iske [[capital]] [[city]] [[Paris]] hae. France, [[European Union]] ke member hae.  France ke iske monuments aur structures khatir jaise ki, Louvre, Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe, Giverny, Versailles, aur Notre Dame hae. France ek des hae jiske ''régions'' aur ''départements'' me baata gais hae.

France, 17th century se one of the world's biggest powers hae. 18th aur 19th centuries me France, ek barraa colonial empire ke banais jon ki West [[Africa]] aur Southeast [[Asia]] me rahaa. France me sab se jaada tourist logan jaae hae aur hian pe har saal 82 million tourists jaawe hae.<ref name="tourism.stat">{{cite web|publisher=Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency)|url=http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|title=Le tourisme international en France en 2007|accessdate=2008-06-05|format=PDF|archive-date=2008-12-28|archive-url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081228053958/http://www.tourisme.gouv.fr/fr/z2/stat/tis/att00018288/TIS_EVE2007_2008-5.pdf|url-status=dead}}</ref> France, [[European Union]] ke suruu kare waala pahila des me se ek rahaa aur iske land area European Union me sab se jaada hae. France, [[United Nations]] ke bhi founding member hae aur ii G8 aur [[NATO]] ke bhi member hae. Ii United Nations Security Council ke paanch permanent members me se ek hae. France, ek nuclear power hae aur iske lake active warheads aur nuclear power plants hae.

France ke kuch baraa city hae: Paris, Lyon, Marseille, Lille, Toulouse, Bordeaux, Nice, Strasbourg, Nantes aur Rennes.

== Geography ==
France, Western [[Europe]] me hae. France ke merr (border) [[Belgium]], [[Luxembourg]], [[Germany]], [[Switzerland]], [[Italy]], [[Monaco]], [[Andorra]], aur [[Spain]] se hae. France me dui [[pahaarr]] hae jiske naam hae the [[Alps]] aur [[Pyrenees]]. France me dher [[naddi]] hae, jaise ki [[Seine]] aur [[Loire Naddi|Loire]].  France ke north aur west me chota pahaarr aur naddi ke valley hae. France me dher rakam ke [[mausam]] rahe hae. [[Atlantic Ocean|Atlantic]] north and west ke mausam ke bahut affect kare hae. Iske matlab ii hae ki temperature sab time lg hag ek rakam rahe hae. East me winter bahut thanda rhae hae. Summer me bahut garam rahe aur tuufan bhi aae hae. South me summer me garam aur jhuura rahe hae aur winter me thanda aur bhiija rahe hae. 

== History ==
"France" ke naam [[Latin]] ''Francia'' se aais hae, jiske matlab hae "land of the [[Franks]]" nai to "Frankland".

France ke abhi ke border purana Gaul ke border ke rakam hae. Purana Gaul me [[Celt]]ic ''Gauls'' log rahat rahin. Gaul ke 1st century BC me Rome, jiske leader Julius Caesar rahaa, capture kar liis rahaa. Dhire dhire, Eventually, Gauls log Roman bhasa ([[Latin]], jisme se [[French bhasa]] aais hae) aur Roman ke rahan. Christianity 2nd aur 3rd century me France me faila aur fourth aur fifth century me ekdam tagrraa hoe gais.

[[File:Map France 1477-fr.svg|thumb|left|France in 1477. Red line: Limit of the Kingdom of France; Light blue: the royal domain]]
4th century AD, me Germanic tribes, jisme jaada kar ke Franks rahin Gaul ke invade kar diin aur ii rakam se france ke naam milaa. Abhi ke  “France” ke naam [[Capetian dynasty|Capetian]] France ke Raja logan jon ki Paris ke rahin, se aais hae. Roman Empire ke gire ke baad, Franks logan Europe ke pahila tribe rahin jon ki [[Catholic]] Christianity banin. French logan apne aap ke “the Most Christian Kingdom of France” bole hae.

Treaty of Verdun (843), Charlemagne ke Empire ke tiin bhaag me baat diis. Isme se sab se baraa Western Francia rahaa jisme se modern France aais hae.

''Carolingian'' dynasty 987 France me [[raj]] karis, jab Hugh Capet, France ke Raja banaa. Uske descendants, logan Capetian dynasty,  House of Valois aur House of Bourbon,  bahut din ke larrai ke baad des ke unite kar diis. 17th century aur Louis XIV of France ke raj me ii log bahut tagatwar rahin. Uu time France me Europe ke sab se jaada abaadi rahaa. Ii des European politics, economy, aur culture ke bahut influence karis. [[French bhasa|French]] diplomacy ke khaas bhasa banaa. Enlightenment bhi jaada kar ke France me bhaes. 18th century me France ke scientist logan bhi bahut kuch discover karin. France, Americas, Africa aur Asia me dher colony bhi establish karis.

1789 talak, jab French Revolution bhaes,  France ek monarchy rahaa. King Louis XVI aur uske aurat, Marie Antoinette, ke 1793 me maardewa gais. 1799 me Napoleon Bonaparte Republic ke take over karis. Baad me uu apne aap ke Emperor of the First Empire (1804–1814) banais. Uske army jaada continental Europe ke conquer kar liis rahaa.

1815 me Battle of Waterloo me Napoleon ke aakhri haar ke baad French monarchy ke fir se suruu karaa gais. Baad me, 1852 me, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte Second Empire banais. 1870 me Franco-Prussian war ke baand me Louis-Napoléon ke hatae dewa gais aur Third Republic suruu karaa gais.

18th and 19th centuries me France ek barraa colonial empire banais. Ii empire me West [[Africa]] aur Southeast [[Asia]] ke bhaag rahaa. Ii sab jagah ke culture and politics France se influence bhaes hae. Dher phile ke ex-colonies abhi French language ke kaam me laawe hae.

== Administrative divisions ==
France ke (administrative) regions me baata gais hae jisme se 22 Metropolitan France me hae:
{|
| valign="top" |
1. Alsace<br />
2. Aquitaine<br />
3. Auvergne<br />
4. Basse-Normandie<br />
5. Bourgogne<br />
6. Bretagne<br />
7. Centre (French region)<br />
8. Champagne-Ardenne<br />
9. Corse<br />
10. Franche-Comté<br />
11. Haute-Normandie<br />
|
12. Île-de-France<br />
13. Languedoc-Roussillon<br />
14. Limousin<br />
15. Lorraine<br />
16. Midi-Pyrénées<br />
17. Nord-Pas-de-Calais<br />
18. Pays de la Loire<br />
19. Picardie<br />
20. Poitou-Charentes<br />
21. Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur<br />
22. Rhône-Alpes<br />
|
[[File:FranceRegionsNumbered.png|right]]
|}
:Corsica ke alag ke status hae aur iske ''[[collectivité territoriale]]'' bola jaae hae.

France ke 4 [[Overseas Regions of France|overseas regions]] hae:
:{|
| valign="top" |
# [[Guadeloupe]] (in the Caribbean)
# [[French Guiana]] (in South America)
# [[Martinique]] (in the Caribbean)
# [[Réunion]] (in the Indian Ocean).

Ii chaar overseas regions ke hak metropolitan region ke rakam hae. 
|}

France ke 100 departments me baata gais hae. Ii departments ke 342 arrondissements me baata gais hae. ''arrondissements'' ke fir se 4,032 cantons me baata gais hae. Sab se chhota subdivision commune hae. 1 January 2008, me INSEE 36,781 communes ke gini jisme se 36,569 metropolitan France aur 212 overseas France me hae .<ref>{{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/nomenclatures/cog/documentation.asp| title=Code officiel géographique - Présentation|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2008-06-27}}</ref><ref>{{fr icon}} {{cite web|url=http://www.insee.fr/fr/methodes/default.asp?page=nomenclatures/cog/outremer.htm| title=Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)|first=[[Government of France]]| last=[[INSEE]]|accessdate=2008-06-27}}</ref> This is more than in any other [[European Union|European country]].

== Sarkar ==
France ke sarkar [[semi-presidential system]] hae jaise ki French fifth [[French Republic|Republic]] ke [[Constitution]] ke likha hae. Ii des apne ke  "an indivisible, [[secular]], [[Democracy|democratic]], aur [[social]] [[Republic]]" bole hae. 

{{-}}
== Military ==
[[File:Gaule96.jpg|thumb|left|Nuclear [[aircraft carrier]] ''Charles de Gaulle'']]

France ke [[armed forces]] ke chaar branches me baata gais hae:
* The ''Armée de Terre'' (Army)
* The ''Marine Nationale'' (Navy)
* The ''Armée de l'Air'' (Air Force)
* The ''Gendarmerie Nationale'' (Ek military jon ki National Rural Police ke rakam rahe hae)

France me 359,000 military personnel hae.<ref>{{citeweb|url=http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/060626_asia_balance_powers.pdf|title=Number of military personnel in France, page 32}}</ref><ref>{{Citeweb|url=http://www.csis.org/media/csis/pubs/westmb012302%5B1%5D.pdf|title=Number of military personnel in France, page 112}}</ref>. France, aapan [[Gross domestic product|GDP]] ke 2.6% defence pe kharchaa kare hae. Ii [[European Union]] me sab se jaada hae. France aur [[UK]], EU 40% defence [[budget]] spend kare hae. France's ke defence budget ke 10% [[nuclear weapons]] me kharchaa karaa jaae hae.

== Chapa ke gallery ==
<div align=center>
<gallery>
Chateau de Montsoreau Museum of contemporary art Loire Valley France.jpg|[[Palace Monsoro]]
Prise de la Bastille.jpg|Storming the Bastille
TGV at Avignon.jpg|TVG Train
La Défense depuis l'Arc de Triomphe Janvier 2023.jpg|La Defense
Sainte chapelle - Upper level.jpg|Saint Louis Chapel
TourDeFrance 2005 07 09.jpg|Tour de France
</gallery>
</div>

== References ==
{{reflist|2}}

== Duusra websites ==
{{commons|France}}
* [http://www.francesouth.com/france_map.htm France Maps & Photographs] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20100526205037/http://www.francesouth.com/france_map.htm |date=2010-05-26 }}
* [http://www.traveldir.org/france/ France Travel Guide] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20061018235436/http://www.traveldir.org/france/ |date=2006-10-18 }}
* [http://about-france.com About-France.com Clear but detailed information about France]
* [http://www.pictures-europe.com/holidays-france.htm France Pictures] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709080033/http://www.pictures-europe.com/holidays-france.htm |date=2006-07-09 }}
* [http://www.pictures-europe.com/map/map-france.htm France Map] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20060709085051/http://www.pictures-europe.com/map/map-france.htm |date=2006-07-09 }}
* [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=f09Mzw_Cy_8 Song La France]
* [https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html CIA World Factbook-France] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20181224211127/https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/fr.html |date=2018-12-24 }}
* [http://www.lescommunes.com/index.en.html Cities and Towns in France with lescommunes.com] {{Webarchive|url=https://web.archive.org/web/20081219011701/http://www.lescommunes.com/index.en.html |date=2008-12-19 }}
* [http://www.vifarom.de Virtuelle Fachbibliothek Romanischer Kulturkreis - Vifarom]
* [http://meteo.7.growiktionary.org Weather forecast]

[[Category:France| ]]
[[Category:European Union ke member]]
[[Category:NATO ke member]]
[[Category:French bhasa waala des]]