Vijayanagara Samrajya
Vijayanagara Samrajya | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1336–1646[1] | |||||||
 The Vijayanagara Empire 1485 me, tributaries ke nai dekhaawa gais hae | |||||||
| Capital | Vijayanagara (1336–1565) Penukonda (1565–1592) Chandragiri (1592–1604) Vellore (1604–1646)[2] | ||||||
| Common languages | Kannada Sanskrit Telugu[3] | ||||||
| Religion | Hinduism (primary) Jainism[4] Buddhism[5] | ||||||
| Government | Monarchy | ||||||
| Emperor | |||||||
• 1336–1356 | Harihara I (first) | ||||||
• 1356–1377 | Bukka Raya I | ||||||
• 1423–1446 | Deva Raya II | ||||||
• 1509–1529 | Krishna Deva Raya | ||||||
• 1529–1542 | Achyuta Deva Raya | ||||||
• 1642–1646 | Sriranga III (last) | ||||||
| History | |||||||
• Established | 18 April 1336 | ||||||
• Earliest records | 1343 | ||||||
| 23 January 1565 | |||||||
• Disestablished | 1646[6] | ||||||
| Area | |||||||
| 1500 est.[7] | 880,000 km2 (340,000 sq mi) | ||||||
| Population | |||||||
• 1500 estimate | 18,000,000[8] | ||||||
| Currency | Varaha | ||||||
| |||||||
| Today part of | India | ||||||
Vijayanagara Samrajya, jiske Karnata Kingdom ke naam se bhi jaana jaawe hae, ek late medieval Hindu empire rahaa jon southern India me raaj karis rahaa. Ii 1336 me suruu bhais rahaa, bhaiyaa log Harihara I aur Bukka Raya I, Sangama dynasty ke, jon Yadava clan aurChandravamsa lineage ke rahin.[9][10]
Ii samrajya uu time banaa jab south India ke raaja log Muslim invasions ke roke ke kosis karat rahin, 13th century ke ant talak. Iske taagat ke chotii ke time, early 16th century me, Krishnadevaraya ke niche, ii Southern India ke sab raaj-kul ke aapan niche kae le rahin aur Deccan sultanates ke dhakel ke Tungabhadra-Krishna Naddi ke doab ilaaka ke uu paar kr de rahin, iske saathe Gajapati Empire (Odisha) ke bhi aapan niche kar le rahin, Krishna Naddi talak, aur India ke ekprominent state hoe gay rahis.[11] Vijayanagara Samrajya ke ilaaka lagbag abhi ke sab south India ke state ke cover karat rahis, jisme hae Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Goa, aur Telangana, Maharashtra aur Kerala ke hissa.[12]
Ii samrajya 1646 talak chalaa rahaa, lekin iske taagat dher kamti hoe gais rahaa jab , 1565 ke Battle of Talikota Deccan sultanate ke sab armies se larrai me haar gais rahaa. Ii samrajya ke naam iske capital city Vijayanagara (abhi ke Hampi) se aais hae, jiske dher ruins abhi UNESCO World Heritage Site, Karnataka me hae. Ii samrajya ke dhan aur fame ke baare me dher European travelers, jaise Domingo Paes, Fernão Nunes, aur Niccolò de' Conti likhin hae. Ii log ke lekh, local bhasa ke lekh, modern archeological excavations Vijayanagara me, se dher jaankari ii samrajya ke itihaas aur taagat ke baare me milaa hae.
Ii samrajya ke legacy me hae sher monuments jon Southern India bhar faela hae, jisme se sab se achchhaa jaana jaae waala Hampi me hae. South aur Central India ke alag-alag mandir banae ke style ke ke ek kar ke the Vijayanagara architectural style banaawa gais rahaa. Achchhaa administration aur jaada overseas trade ke kaaran nawaa ii ilaaka me aais rahaa, jaise water management systems, irrigation ke khaatir. Ii samrajya ke niche fine arts aur literature Kannada, Telugu, Tamil, aur Sanskrit me barrha, topics jaise taara vigyan, mathematics, medicine, fiction, musicology, historiography aur theater . Southern India ke Carnatic music, evolved hoe ke abhi jaise hoe gais rahaa. Vijayanagara Samrajya, Southern India ke itihaas me bhed-bhao ke paar kar ke Hinduism ek unifying factor rahaa.
- ↑ Reddy, P. Bhaskar. "The Vijayanagara Empire".
- ↑ Howes, Jennifer (1998). The Courts of Pre-colonial South India: Material Culture and Kingship. Psychology Press. p. 43. ISBN 978-07-0071-585-5.
- ↑ Bridges, Elizabeth J. (2016). "Vijayanagara Empire". The Encyclopedia of Empire. pp. 1–5. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe424. ISBN 978-1118455074.
- ↑ Dundas, Paul. The Jains. Routledge, 2002, p. 174.
- ↑ Gail, Adalbert J., and Mevissen, Gerd J.R. Buddhist and Jaina Sites of South India. Manohar Publishers, 2001, pp. 45–47.
- ↑ Reddy, P. Bhaskar. "The Vijayanagara Empire".
- ↑ https://books.google.co.in/books?id=0IquM4BrJ4YC&printsec=frontcover&dq=History+of+India+john+keay&hl=en&newbks=1&newbks_redir=0&source=gb_mobile_search&ovdme=1&sa=X&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=%22But%20if%20for%20Europe%20geography%22&f=false
- ↑ Alexander V Avakov (April 2015). Globalising Migration History: The Eurasian Experience (16th–21st Centuries. Algora. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-628-94101-2. https://books.google.com/books?id=-UPyBwAAQBAJ&q=population+of+ethiopia+1600&pg=PA15. Retrieved 28 July 2016.
- ↑ Dhere 2011, p. 243.
- ↑ Sewell 2011, pp. 22, 23, 420.
- ↑ Stein 1989, p. xi.
- ↑ "Vijayanagar | Ancient City & Empire, India | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). 2024-10-13. Retrieved 2024-10-30.