Vedic jamaana
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| Geographical range | Indian subcontinent |
|---|---|
| Period | Bronze Age India |
| Dates | Template:BCE |
| Preceded by | |
| Followed by |
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| Geographical range | Indian subcontinent |
|---|---|
| Period | Iron Age India |
| Dates | 1100 BC - 500 BC |
| Preceded by | Early Vedic culture |
| Followed by | Haryanka dynasty, Mahajanapadas |
Vedic period, nai to Vedic jamaana (1500 BC - 500 BC), uu jamaana haeis the period late Piital ke jamaana aur early Loha ke jamaana, India ke itihaas me, jab Vedic literature, jisme Vedas (c. 1500–900 BCE) hae, ke likha gais rahaa. Vedas ke northern Indian subcontinent, urban Indus Valley Civilisation aur second urbanisation, jon central Indo-Gangetic Plain 600 BC me suruu bhais rahaa, me likha gais rahaa. Vedas liturgical texts hae jispe influential Brahmanical biswas based hae, jon baad me Kuru Samrajya hoe gais, jon dher Indo-Aryan tribes ke sangathan rahaa. Vedas me uu time ke zindagi ke baare me likha gais hae, jiske itihasik maana jaawe hae, [1] aur isse uutime ke zindagi ke baare me jaana jaawe hae. Ii sab documents, archaeological record ke saathe, Indo-Aryan aur Vedic culture ke evolution ke trace aur infer karaa jaawe hae.[2]
Vedas ek ekkathaa karaa gais aur orally transmit karaa gais rahaa precision se, Old Indo-Aryan bhasa me baat kare waala log se jon Indian subcontinent ke northwestern ilaaka migrate hoe ke base rahin, ii jamaana ke suruu me. Vedic sanskriti patriarchal aur patrilineal rahaa. Suruu ke Indo-Aryan log Late Bronze Age sankriti ke rahin jon abhi ke Punjab me centred rahaa, aur ii log tribes me baatal rahin, raajya me nai, aur jaada kar ke jaanwar paalat rahin.
Lagbhag c. 1200–1000 BCE me Aryan sanskriti east ke bagal faela upjao western Ganges Plain me. Loha ke tools ke kaam me laae jaae lagaa, jiske kaaran jangle ke kaat ke aur settled, agricultural way of life suruu bhais rahaa. Vedic jamaana ke duusra bhaag me, towns, kingdoms banaa rahaa, aur ek complex social differentiation distinctive to India,[2] aur Kuru kingdom orthodox sacrificial ritual ke codify kare rahin.[3][4] Ii jamaana me, central Ganges Plain ke ek non-Vedic Indo-Aryan sankriti, Greater Magadha dominaate karat rahaa. Vedic jamaana ke ant me aslii cities aur barraa-barra states (jiske mahajanapadas bola jaawat rahaa) aur śramaṇa movements (jisme Jainism aur Buddhism bhi rahaa) Vedic orthodoxy ke challenge karis rahaa.[5]
Vedic jamaana me ek hierarchy of social classes suruu bhais rahaa jon abhi talak laabu hae. Vedic dharam barr ke Brahmanical orthodoxy banaa, aur lagbhag Common Era, the Vedic tradition ke suruu talak Hinduism ke jarr rahaa. [6]
Archaeological sanskriti jon Indo-Aryan material culture ke phase ke identify kare hae, me hae Ochre Coloured Pottery culture (OCP), Gandhara grave culture, Black and Red ware culture (BRW) aur Painted Grey Ware culture (PGW).[7]
- ↑ McClish & Olivelle 2012, p. xxiv.
- 1 2 Stein 2010, p. 50.
- ↑ Witzel 1995, pp. 3–5.
- ↑ Samuel 2010, pp. 49–52.
- ↑ Flood 1996, p. 82.
- ↑ Hiltebeitel 2002, p. Template:Fix/category[page needed].
- ↑ Witzel 1989.