Thailand

Thailand ; ราชอาณาจักรไทย; Raja-anachakra Thai
Jhanda	Coat of arms
Des ke jaankari
Des ke motto:	Nation, Religion, King
National anthem:	Phleng Chat
Log ke baare me
Official bhasa:	Thai
	Abaadi:
- Total:	68,863,514 (ranked 20)
- Density:	131 per km²
Jagha
	country map Hian pe des ke dunia ke map me dekhawa jaawe hae.
Capital City:	Bangkok
Sab se barraa City:	Bangkok
	Area
- Total:	514,000 (ranked 49)
- Water:	n/a km² (0.4%)
Politics / Government
Established:	7 April, 1782
Leader:	King: Rama X ; Prime Minister: Prayut Chan-o-cha
Economy / Money
Paisa ke naam:	Baht
International information
Time ke zone:	+7
Telephone ke dialing code:	66
Internet domain:	.th

Thailand, nai to Kingdom of Thailand Southeast Asia me ek des hae. Iske parrosi des Laos, Cambodia, Malaysia, aur Myanmar hae. Iske naam 24 June 1939 talak Siam rahaa.^[1] Iske fir se Siam 1945 se lae ke May 11 1949 bola jawat rahaa, jab ke iske naam badal ke Thailand kar dewa gais. Thai (ไทย) sabd uu jaat ke naam se aawe hai jon ki ii des ke biich me rahe hae.Thailand ke capital city Bangkok hae. Thailand, Southeast Asia ke ekke des hai jispe koi Western power raaj nai karis hae.

Thailand ek constitutional monarchy hae. Iske raja des ke head of state hae. Anhi ke raja Bhumibol Adulyadejhai.

Thailand ke 95% log Buddhism dharam ke maane hai lekin des ke south me kuchh log Islam ke maane hae. Des ke south me kuchh Muslim log sarkar se larre hai jisse ki uu logan ke ajaadi mil jaae sake. Des ke aur dharam hai Christianity, Hinduism, aur Sikhism.

Itihaas

Praana itihaas

Thailand me insaan ke rahe ke sabuut 20,000 saal pahile se hae.^[2] Dhaan ke kheti ke sabuut 2,000 BCE se hae.^[3] Abhi ke Thailand ke jagha ke log Maritime Jade Road me rahin jisme 2000 BCe se 1000 CE talak trade karaa jaawat rahaa.^[4]^[5]^[6]^[7] Thailand me bronze 1000 BCE se kaam me laawa jaae hae. Bon Chiang, jon northeast Thailand me hae, me Southeast Asia ke sab sepuraana copper aur bronze produce kare waala jagha hae.^[8] Loha ke Thailand me 500 BCE se kaam me laawa jaae hae.

Funan ke Kingdom, 200BCE me Southeast Asia ke sab se taagatwar rajya rahaa. 6th century me Mon log, Dvaravati aur Hariphunchai ke kingdom suruu kare rahin. 9th century me Khmer log ek Empire ke suruu kare rahin jiske rajdhani Angkor me rahaa. 19th century me ek Malay stte, jiske naam Tambrainga rahaa, Malacca Strait se trade ke control karat rahaa. Indochina ke peninsula me, Funan se Khmer kingdom talak, India ke influence rahaa.^[9]

Thai log, Tai ethnic group ke hae, jiske ii log ke common bhasa ke root se samjha jaae hae.^[10] China ke itihaas me Tai log ke 6th century BCE me likha gais hae

Thai log abhi ke Thailand me 6th se 11th century me aae ke suruu karin, jahan pe pahile Mon aur Khmer log rahat rahin.^[11] Iske matlab ii hae ki Thai log ke sanskriti Hindustani, Mon aur Khmer sanskriti se influence bhais hae.^[12] Tai log dher jaat ke log se mil ke aaj ke Thailand ke dher ethnic group ke banain hae, lekin bahut log ii biswas kare hae ki Thai ek jaat nai hae, lekin ek sankritic group hae.^[13]

Thai log ke Champa ke rajya me gulaam nai to jaheli ke ruup me mention karaa jaae hae, aur Angkor Wat ke itihaas me kuch siphaai ke group ke "Shyam" ke naam dewa gais hae, lekin Champ ke itihaas me ii log ke jaati ke baare me koi chij nai hae.^[14] Kuchh log ii bhi biswas kare hae ki "Shyam" Shan log, Bru log, nai to Brau log hae.^[14]^[15] Southeast Asia ke log "Shyam" naam Khmer, Cham Bagan aur Mon log ke bola jaae hae, lekin China ke log ii log ke Xian bole hae.

Puraana Tai confederate cities: (691 BCE - 13th century CE

References

Footnotes

↑ Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai.
↑ Barbara Leitch LePoer (1989). Thailand: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=GHiuDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27. Retrieved 15 December 2020.
↑ Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2008-01-24). "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 20. doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751. ISSN 1835-1794. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/JIPA/article/view/11751.
↑ Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.
↑ Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.
↑ Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.
↑ Higham, Charles; Higham, Thomas; Ciarla, Roberto; Douka, Katerina; Kijngam, Amphan; Rispoli, Fiorella (10 December 2011). "The Origins of the Bronze Age of Southeast Asia". Journal of World Prehistory 24 (4): 227–274. doi:10.1007/s10963-011-9054-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257607857. Retrieved 10 February 2018.
↑ Thailand. History Archived 2 Aprel 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica
↑ Wyatt, David K. (1984). Thailand: A Short History. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03054-9. https://archive.org/details/thailand00davi.
↑ E. Jane Keyes; James A. Hafner; et al. (2018). "Thailand: History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.
↑ Keyes, Charles F. (1997). "Cultural Diversity and National Identity in Thailand". In Michael E. Brown. Government policies and ethnic relations in Asia and the Pacific. MIT Press. pp. 197–232. ISBN 9780262522458.
↑ "ชนชาติไทย 'ไม่ใช่' คนไทย โดย สุจิตต์ วงษ์เทศ". Matichon. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.
↑ ^14.0 ^14.1 Template:Cite thesis
↑ Juntanamalaga, Preecha (1 June 1988). "Thai or Siam?". Names 36 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1179/nam.1988.36.1-2.69. ISSN 1756-2279. http://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/view/1181. Retrieved 5 April 2023.

Bahaari jorr

The United States CIA website Archived 2005-06-12 at the Wayback Machine
Thaigov.go.th Royal Government of Thailand
Tourism Authority of Thailand Official tourism website
Thai National Assembly Official Thai Parliament website
Mfa.go.th Thailand Ministry of Foreign Affairs
Thailand travel guide from Wikivoyage
Birdwatching in Thailand
Learn Thai Culture.com
CIA - The World Factbook - Thailand Archived 2010-12-29 at the Wayback Machine
Thailand Country Fact Sheet from the Common Language Project
Longdo Map Thailand On-line Thailand map
Holidays Thailand Archived 2008-04-11 at the Wayback Machine Holidays In Thailand

[ThaiCSM-1] Thailand (Siam) History, CSMngt-Thai.

[LePoer_1989-2] Barbara Leitch LePoer (1989). Thailand: A Country Study. Federal Research Division, Library of Congress.

[Baker_2017-3] 3.0 ^3.1 Baker, Chris; Phongpaichit, Pasuk (2017). A History of Ayutthaya. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-19076-4. https://books.google.com/books?id=GHiuDgAAQBAJ&pg=PA27. Retrieved 15 December 2020.

[4] Tsang, Cheng-hwa (2008-01-24). "Recent advances in the Iron Age archaeology of Taiwan". Bulletin of the Indo-Pacific Prehistory Association 20. doi:10.7152/bippa.v20i0.11751. ISSN 1835-1794. http://journals.lib.washington.edu/index.php/JIPA/article/view/11751.

[5] Turton, M. (2021). Notes from central Taiwan: Our brother to the south. Taiwan's relations with the Philippines date back millennia, so it's a mystery that it's not the jewel in the crown of the New Southbound Policy. Taiwan Times.

[6] Everington, K. (2017). Birthplace of Austronesians is Taiwan, capital was Taitung: Scholar. Taiwan News.

[7] Bellwood, P., H. Hung, H., Lizuka, Y. (2011). Taiwan Jade in the Philippines: 3,000 Years of Trade and Long-distance Interaction. Semantic Scholar.

[8] Higham, Charles; Higham, Thomas; Ciarla, Roberto; Douka, Katerina; Kijngam, Amphan; Rispoli, Fiorella (10 December 2011). "The Origins of the Bronze Age of Southeast Asia". Journal of World Prehistory 24 (4): 227–274. doi:10.1007/s10963-011-9054-6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/257607857. Retrieved 10 February 2018.

[9] Thailand. History Archived 2 Aprel 2012 at the Wayback Machine. Encyclopædia Britannica

[Wyatt_1984-10] Wyatt, David K. (1984). Thailand: A Short History. New Haven: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-03054-9. https://archive.org/details/thailand00davi.

[11] E. Jane Keyes; James A. Hafner; et al. (2018). "Thailand: History". Encyclopædia Britannica. Archived from the original on 24 June 2021. Retrieved 4 April 2018.

[12] Keyes, Charles F. (1997). "Cultural Diversity and National Identity in Thailand". In Michael E. Brown. Government policies and ethnic relations in Asia and the Pacific. MIT Press. pp. 197–232. ISBN 9780262522458.

[13] "ชนชาติไทย 'ไม่ใช่' คนไทย โดย สุจิตต์ วงษ์เทศ". Matichon. 18 October 2023. Archived from the original on 20 February 2024. Retrieved 20 February 2024.

[Smith_2019-14] 14.0 ^14.1 Template:Cite thesis

[15] Juntanamalaga, Preecha (1 June 1988). "Thai or Siam?". Names 36 (1): 69–84. doi:10.1179/nam.1988.36.1-2.69. ISSN 1756-2279. http://ans-names.pitt.edu/ans/article/view/1181. Retrieved 5 April 2023.

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