Pataliputra
 Plan of Pataliputra, compared to present-day Patna | |
  Pataliputra Shown within India  Pataliputra Pataliputra (Bihar) | |
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| Alternative name | Pātaliputtā (Pāli) |
|---|---|
| Location | Patna district, Bihar, India |
| Region | India |
| Coordinates | 25°36′45″N 85°7′42″E / 25.61250°N 85.12833°E |
| Altitude | 53 m (174 ft) |
| Length | 14.5 km (9.0 mi) |
| Width | 2.4 km (1.5 mi) |
| History | |
| Builder | Ajatashatru |
| Founded | 490 BCE |
| Abandoned | Became modern Patna |
| Associated with | Haryankas, Shishunagas, Nandas, Mauryans, Shungas, Guptas, Palas |
| Management | Archaeological Survey of India |
Pataliputra (IAST: Pāṭaliputra), jon abhi ke Patna, Bihar ke bagal me hae,[1] puraana India ke ek city rahaa jiske Magadha ke raaja, Ajatashatru 490 BCE me banais rahaa, ek chhotaa fort (Pāṭaligrāma) ke ruup me, Ganges naddi ke bagal me.[2][3] Udayin ii city ke huan banais jahaan pe dui naddi Son aur Ganges mile hae. Uu aapan raajdhani ke Rajgriha se Pataliputra hatae diis rahaa kaaheki ii samrajya ke biich me rahaa. [4]
Ii puraana India ke dher barraa-barraa samrajya ke raajdhani banaa rahaa, jaise Shishunaga Empire (c. 413–345 BCE), Nanda Empire (c. 460 or 420 – c. 325 BCE), Maurya Empire (c. 320–180 BCE), Gupta Empire (c. 320–550 CE), aur Pala Empire (c. 750–1200 CE). Maurya ke jamaana me (niche dekho), ii dunia ke sab se barraa city me se ek rahaa. Greek diplomat, traveler aur historian Megasthenes ke anusaar, Mauryan Empire (c. 320–180 BCE) uu city me se ek pahila rahaa jiske niche ek bahut efficient rakam ke local self government rahaa.[5] Iske jagha ke, abhi ke jamaana me, 1892 me Laurence Waddell paais rahaa, jon ek book ke chaapis rahaa Discovery of the Exact Site of Asoka's Classic Capital.[6] Hian pe dher archaeological excavations karaa gais hae, aaj ke Patna ke nagiich.[7][8] 20th century ke suruu me, Patna ke lage ke excavations ii dekhais rahaa ki barra fortification diwaal ke sabuut rahaa, jisme reinforcing wooden trusses bhi rahaa.[9][10]
Naam
[badlo | source ke badlo]Sanskrit bhasa me, "Pāṭali-" pāṭalī perr (Bignonia suaveolens) ke refer kare hae,[11]jab "-putrá" (पुत्र) ke matlab "larrkaa" hae.
Ek itihassik biswas hae[12] ki ii city ke ek perr ke naam dewa gais hae .[13] Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (Sutta 16 of the Dīgha Nikāya) ke anusaar, Pāṭaliputta uu jagha rahaa "jahaan pe Pāṭali perr ke biyaa khul jaawat rahaa ".[14] Ek aur itihaas ii batae hae ki Pāṭaliputra ke matlab Pāṭali ke larrkaa hae, jon Raja Sudarsan ke larkaa rahaa.[15] Jaise iske pahile Pāṭali-grāma ("Pāṭali village") bola jaawat rahaa, kuchh gyaani log ii biswas kare hae ki Pāṭaliputra Pāṭalipura ke transformation hae, "Pāṭali town".[16] Pataliputra ke Kusumapura (fuul ke city) bhi bolaa jaawat rahaa.
References
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ "Unravelling Pataliputra", 23 April 2023.
- ↑ Kulke, Hermann; Rothermund, Dietmar (2004), A History of India, 4th edition. Routledge, Pp. xii, 448, ISBN 978-0-415-32920-0.
- ↑ "It took 40 yrs to find first traces of Ashoka's Pataliputra. Now, we must find the rest". ThePrint. 18 September 2023.
- ↑ (in en) Census of India, 1981: District census handbook. A. Village & town directory ; B. Village & townwise primary census abstract. Controller of Publications. 1984. pp. 2. https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=1fXR99iIUuEC&q=Rajgriha+to+Pataliputra+due+to+the+latter's+central+location+in+the+empire.
- ↑ Schwanbeck, E.A. (4 October 2008). Ancient India as described by Megasthenes and Arrian (First published 1657) (23 ed.). Bibliolife.
- ↑ Discovery Of The Exact Site Of Asoka's Classic Capital, 1892
- ↑ "Patna". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. Encyclopædia Britannica Inc., 2013. Web. 13 Dec. 2013 <"Patna | India". Archived from the original on 30 November 2011. Retrieved 2011-01-30.>.
- ↑ "Heritage wall for Metro corridor plan". Archived from the original on 22 November 2016.
- ↑ "A relic of Mauryan era", 12 June 2012.
- ↑ Valerie Hansen Voyages in World History, Volume 1 to 1600, 2e, Volume 1 pp. 69 Cengage Learning, 2012
- ↑ "Pāṭali". A Sanskrit English Dictionary: Etymologically and Philologically Arranged (16th Reprint ed.). New Delhi: Motilal Banarsidass Publishing House. 2011. pp. 615. ISBN 978-8120831056. https://books.google.com/books?id=8KFPBl9lLRcC&pg=PA615.
- ↑ Encyclopaedia of Religion and Ethics, p.677
- ↑ Folklore, Vol. 19, No. 3 (30 September 1908), pp. 349–350 Archived 10 Mai 2018 at the Wayback Machine
- ↑ "Mahāparinibbāṇa Sutta (DN 16), translated from the Pali by Ṭhānissaro Bhikkhu". Dīgha Nikāya of the Pali Canon. dhammatalks.org. 2022. Retrieved 9 October 2022.
- ↑ Journal of Francis Buchanan (1812), p.182
- ↑ Language, Vol. 4, No. 2 (June, 1928), pp. 101–105 Archived 10 Mai 2018 at the Wayback Machine