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Nikola Tesla

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Nikola Tesla
Никола Тесла
Head-and-shoulder photograph of a slender man with dark hair and moustache, dark suit and white-collar shirt
Tesla, c. 1890
Janam10 July 1856(1856-07-10)
Smiljan, Croatia, Austrian Empire
Maut7 January 1943 (aged 86)
New York City, U.S.
Resting placeNikola Tesla Museum, Belgrade, Serbia
Citizenship
  • Austria (until 1891)
  • U.S. (from 1891)
ShikshaGraz University of Technology (dropped out)
Kaams
Inaam
  • Order of St. Sava (1892)
  • Elliott Cresson Medal (1894)
  • Order of Prince Danilo I (1895)
  • AIEE Edison Medal (1916)
  • Order of the Yugoslav Crown (1931)
  • John Scott Medal (1934)
  • Order of the White Eagle (1937)
  • Order of the White Lion (1937)
Engineering career
Discipline
ProjectsWireless power transfer
Significant designInduction motor
Significant advancePolyphase electric power
Signature

Nikola Tesla (10 July 1856 Smiljan, Croatia – 7 January 1943 New York) inventor, physicist, mechanical engineer, aur electrical engineer rahaa. Uske janam Smiljan, Austria-Hungary, abhi Republic of Croatia me bhais rahaa. Uu baad me ek American citizen ban gais rahaa.

Uu radio ke ek pahile ke form ke banais rahaa. Uske khaas discoveries magnetism aur electricity ke field me rahaa. Uske Alternating current ke develop kare khatir jaana jaawe hae.

SI jisse magnetic flux density nai to magnetic induction (commonly known as the magnetic field naapa jaawe hae), tesla hae , jon ki uske naam se aais hae. Uu dher rakam ke oscillators ke bhi invent karis hae.

Jab ke Tesla aapan discoveries ke khatir famous rahaa, uu jab maraa tab uu bahut garib rahaa. Uske radio banae ke credit khaali uske maut ke baad mila. Dher lag Tesla ke "mad scientist" bolat rahin. Tesla aapan pahila kaam Budapest me suruu karis, ek telephone company me. Uu aapan jawani me bhi chij ke invent karat rahaa, jaise ki telphone ke khatir loudspeaker. Uske obsessive-compulsive disorder rahaa aur Budapest me kaam krte ke time uske nervous breakdown hoe gais.

Jawaani ke din

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Tesla ke fir se banaawa gais janam ke ghar (parish hall) aur church jahaan pe uske pitaji Smiljan, Croatia me serve karis rahaa. Ii site ke Nikola Tesla Memorial Center uske honour me banaawa gais rahaa.[1]

Nikola Tesla ke janam 10 July 1856 ke janam Smiljan gaon, Military Frontier of the Austrian Empire (present-day Croatia) me ek ethnic Serb palwaar me bhais rahaa.[2][3] Uske pitaji, Milutin Tesla (1819–1879), Eastern Orthodox Church me ek padhri rahaa.[4][5] Uske pitaji ke bhaiyaa, Josif ek lecturer rahaa, ek military academy me aur dher book mathematics ke baare me lokhis rahaa.[6]

Tesla ke maiyaa, Georgina "Đuka" Mandić (1822–1892), jiske pitaji bhi Eastern Orthodox padhrri rahaa,[7] ke ek talent rahaa home craft tools and mechanical appliances ke banae ke aur ability to memorize Serbian epic poems bhi. Đuka ke kabhi formal parrhai nai milaa rahaa. Tesla ke credit karaa jaae hae uske eidetic memory aur creative abilities uske maiyaa ke genetics aur influence ke kaaran.[8][9]

Tesla, paanch larrkan me se chauthaa rahaa.[10] 1861 me, Tesla primary school Smiljan me parrhis rahaa, jahaan pe uu German bhasa, arithmetic, aur dharam sikhis rahaa. 1862 me, Tesla ke palwaar, bagal ke Gospić town me bas gae rahin, jahaan pe Tesla ke pitaji parish priest ke kaam karis rahaa. Nikola primary school ke khalaas karis, jiske baad uu middle school me parrhis. Baad me uu aapan patent application me, American citizenship le se pahile, Tesla apne ke "of Smiljan, Lika, border country of Austria-Hungary" identify karat rahaa.[11]

Tesla ke pitaji, Milutin, ek Orthodox padhri village of Smiljan me rahaa.

1870 me, Tesla Karlovac move bhais rahaa[12] high school attend kare ke khaatir Higher Real Gymnasium me, jahaan pe classes German me lewa jaawat rahaa, jaise ki uu time Austro-Hungarian Military Frontier schools me rahaa .[13][14] Tesla baad me ii likhis rahaa ki uske bhautik vijyan me interest barrhaa jab uske physics professor electricity ke demonstrate karis rahaa. [15] Ii "mysterious phenomena" ke kaaran uu maangat rahaa "to know more of this wonderful force".[16] Uu aapan man me integral calculus kar lewat rahaa, jiske kaaran uske teaher log sochat rahin ki uu cheat kare hae.[17] Uu chaar saal ke kaam, tiin saal me khalaas kar ke 1873 me graduate bhais rahaa.[18]

Graduate hoe ke baad, Tesla, Smiljan laut gais lekin uske cholera hoe gais, aur uu nau mahina talak khatia pakrris rahaa aur kuch dafe maut ke nagiich rahaa. Despair ke time, Tesla ke pitaji (jon pahile maangat rahaa ki uu padhri bane),[19] Promise karis ki uu Tesla ke sab se achchhaa engineering school me parrhe ke bheji agar uu aapan bemari se achchhaa hoe jaawe.[20] Tesla baad me batais ki uu Mark Twain ke pahile ke kaam ke parrhis rahaa, jab uu bemaari se achchhaa howat rahaa. [21]

Agle saal, Tesla conscription into the Austro-Hungarian Army in Smiljan[22] se bach gais, kaaheki ki uu bhaag ke southeast of Lika to Tomingaj, near Gračac gais rahaa. Huan pe uu pahaar ke explore karis rahaa, ek sikaari ke kaprraa pahin ke. Tesla bolis rahaa ki , natur se ii contact uske aur tagrraa kar diis rahaa, duuno physically aur mentally. 1875 me uu Imperial-Royal Technical College in Graz , Military Frontier scholarship me enropl karis rahaa. Tesla nau exam ke pass karis rahaa (jon jarurat se dugnaa rahaa[23]) aur uske ek letter of commendation dean of the technical faculty se mila uske pitaji ke, jis me likha rahaa, "Your son is a star of first rank."[23] Graz me, Tesla lectures on electricity presented by professor Jakob Pöschl se facinated rahaa.[24] Lekin uske tiisra saal talak uu fail hoe lagaa aur fail hoe gais rahaa , aur uu Graz ke December 1878 me chorr diis rahaa. Ek biographer ii suggest karis hae ki Tesla study nai karat rahaa aur saait uske gambling aur womanizing ke khaatir expel karaa gais rahaa.[25]

Tesla aged 23, c. 1879

Tesla ke palwaar ke uske baare me kuchh nai pataa rahaa jab uu school ke chhorr diis rahaa. [26] Ek rumour rahaa ki uu bagal ke naddi me duub gais rahaa, January me uske ek classmate uske town of Maribor me mila aur Tesla palwaar ke iske baare me batais rahaa.[27] Ii baat rahaa ke Tesla eka draftsman ke kaam, 60 florins per month me karat rahaa.[25] March 1879 me, Milutin aakhri me aapan larrka ke paais aur kosis karis ki uu ghare laute aur parrje ke khaatir Prague jaae.[27] Tesla Gospić uu mahina ke baad me lautis lekin uske deprt kar dewa gais kaaheki uske lage residence permit nai rahaa.[27] Tesla ke pitaji agle mahina mar gais, 17 April 1879 me, 60 saal ke umar me koi anjaan bemaari se.[27]

Duusra websites

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  1. ↑ "Pictures of Tesla's home in Smiljan, Croatia and his father's church after rebuilding". Tesla Memorial Society of NY. Archived from the original on 2 June 2003. Retrieved 22 May 2013.
  2. ↑ Cheney, Uth & Glenn 1999, p. 143.
  3. ↑ O'Neill 1944, pp. 9, 12.
  4. ↑ Dommermuth-Costa 1994, p. 12, "Milutin, Nikola's father, was a well-educated priest of the Serbian Orthodox Church.".
  5. ↑ Carlson 2013, p. 14, "Following a reprimand at school for not keeping his brass buttons polished, he quit and instead chose to become a priest in the Serbian Orthodox Church".
  6. ↑ Carlson 2013, p. 14.
  7. ↑ O'Neill 1944, p. 10.
  8. ↑ Cheney 2001, pp. 25-26.
  9. ↑ Seifer 2001, p. 7.
  10. ↑ Carlson 2013, p. 21.
  11. ↑ Wohinz 2019, pp. 14–15.
  12. ↑ Seifer 2001, p. 13.
  13. ↑ Tesla, Nikola; Marinčić, Aleksandar (2008). From Colorado Springs to Long Island: research notes. Belgrade: Nikola Tesla Museum. ISBN 978-86-81243-44-2.
  14. ↑ Budiansky, Stephen (2021). Journey to the edge of reason : the life of Kurt Gödel (First ed.). New York. ISBN 978-1-324-00545-2. "In the natural sciences, Austria produced a remarkable number of talented theorists and experimentalists. The electrical genius Nikola Tesla, from Croatia, studied in Karlovac at one of the rigorous German-language high schools, the Gymnasiums, established throughout the Austrian Empire."
  15. ↑ Petešić 1976, pp. 29–30.
  16. ↑ Carlson 2013, p. 32.
  17. ↑ "Tesla Life and Legacy – Tesla's Early Years". PBS. Archived from the original on 20 July 2018. Retrieved 8 July 2012.
  18. ↑ O'Neill 1944, p. 33.
  19. ↑ Glenn, Jim, ed. (1994). The complete patents of Nikola Tesla. New York: Barnes & Noble Books. ISBN 1-56619-266-8. https://archive.org/details/completepatentso00tesl.
  20. ↑ Carlson 2013, p. 29.
  21. ↑ Adelman, Juliana. "The electricity between Mark Twain and Nikola Tesla", 11 February 2016.
  22. ↑ Seifer 2001, p. 14.
  23. 1 2 O'Neill 1944, p. 39.
  24. ↑ Carlson 2013, pp. 35.
  25. 1 2 Seifer 2001, p. 17.
  26. ↑ Seifer 2001, pp. 17–18.
  27. 1 2 3 4 Carlson 2013, pp. 47.
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