Mohini Mohan Dhar
Raja Mohini Mohan Dhar Esq | |
Mohini Mohan Dhar Locket image from Sadhvi Saudamini | |
2nd Dewan of Mayurbhanj State | |
| In office 20 June 1905 – 21 April 1912 | |
| Monarch | Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo |
|---|---|
| Preceded by | Prasanna Coomar Ghosal |
| Succeeded by | Hari Das Bose Esq. |
Vice-President of the Mayurbhanj State Council | |
| In office 25 June 1905 – 21 April 1912 | |
| Preceded by | Prasanna Coomar Ghosal |
| Succeeded by | Hari Das Bose |
Judge of the Mayurbhanj State Chief Court | |
| In office 20 June 1905 – 21 April 1912 | |
| Succeeded by | Hari Das Bose Esq. |
Chief Judicial Officer of Mayurbhanj | |
| In office 1905 – 1912 | |
Sheristedar at Netrokona Munsiff's Court | |
| In office 1920 – 1935 | |
4rth Titular Raja of Dar Raj | |
| In office 12 May 1899 – 15 October 1947 | |
| Preceded by | Raja Hara Mohan Dhar |
| Succeeded by | Raja Dhirendra Mohan Dhar |
| Janam | September 21, 1866 Dhaka, Bengal Presidency, British India |
| Maut | December 0, 1947 (aged 80) Kolkata, West Bengal, India |
| Nationality | Indian |
| Spouse | Saudamini Dhar |
| Children | Dhirendra Mohan Dhar Satyendra Mohan Dhar CIE ICS |
| Kaam | Nyayadhish, Administrator, Educator |
Mohini Mohan Dhar Esq. M.A.B.L. (21 September 1866 - 1947) ek Judge[1], Bharatiya vakeel, Diwan, aur 19th shatabdi ke ant aur 20th shatabdi ke prarambh me Odisha ke Mayurbhanj Rajya ke rajya nyayadhish rahis.[2][3]
Career
[badlo | source ke badlo]Dhar ko Maharaja Shriram Chandra Bhanj Deo ke adheen rajya parishad ke upadeshak, rajya nyayadhish aur sah-sachiv banaaya gaya tha. Gorumahisani me khaiyon ko Tata Steel ko lease diya gaya tha, jisme Dhar Diwan ke roop me mukhya bhoomika nibhaye.[4][5][6] Unhone Kidley ke saath milke Cuttack ke Ravenshaw College me Maharaja Shriram Chandra Bhanj Deo ke vyaktigat shikshak ke taur par bhi kaam kiya tha.[7][8]
Mohini Mohan Dhar Dhar Mayurbhanj ke dusra Dewan rahin (20 June 1905 se 21 April 1912 tak).
Unka pad aur zimmedariyan rahin:
- Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo ke Chief Advisor
- Superintendent of Education, Mayurbhanj
- Judicial Secretary, Mayurbhanj
- State Judge, Mayurbhanj
- Judicial Magistrate, Mayurbhanj
- Vice-President, State Council, Mayurbhanj
- Revenue Department ke Head, Mayurbhanj
- Agriculture Department ke Head, Mayurbhanj
- Settlement Department ke Head, Mayurbhanj
- Zamindar ke Head, Mayurbhanj
- Registration Department ke Head, Mayurbhanj
Baad me, Mayurbhanj ke Dewan ke pad se retire karne ke baad, Mohini Mohan Dhar Dhar Bangladesh me Sub Munsiffs Court ke Judge ban gail rahin.[9]
Assassination Attempt
[badlo | source ke badlo]1909 me, jab Mohini Mohan Dhar Mayurbhanj ke Dewan rahin, unke khilaaf ek hatya ke kosis bhail. Ek purana adhikari, jo Dhar ke administrative reforms aur sakht kanoon ke kaaran naraaz rahin, unka subah ke carriage ride ke dauran court jaate samay attack kare ke kosis kail.
Assailant ek sandesh dene ke bahane carriage ke paas gail aur chhupa hua chhuri se Dhar ke ghaayal kare ke kosis kail. Lekin, Dhar ke guards suspicious harkat dekh ke turant us assailant ke rok lein. Dhar surakshit rahin, lekin dekhnewale log me thoda hungama bhail. Assailant turant pakad le gail aur local authorities dwara poora case investigate kail gail.[10]
Mohini Mohan Dhar, Theosophical itihaas ke ek aur kam padhle gaye pehlu rahaa. Dhar, Odisha ke Cuttack mein Ravenshaw College mein rajkumar Sri Ram Chandra Bhanj Deo (1870–1912) ke niji shikshak rahin. Jab Bhanj Deo, Odisha ke Mayurbhanj rajya ke shasak bane, tab Dhar ke wahan kai mahatvapurn pad par niyukti hui aur aakhirkaar u log Dewan, yaani Pradhan Mantri, bane.[11]
Apne jeevan kaal mein Dhar vakeel, shikshak aur baad mein British kaal ke ek princely state ke adhikari ke roop mein kaam kiye. Rajkumar Bhanj Deo ke dehant ke baad, Dhar Theosophical Society (TS) mein shamil ho gaye aur England gaye, shayad aage ki padhai ke liye. Dhar ke TS sadasyata ka diploma December 1913 mein Benares mein Annie Besant se mila. Iske baad, England pahunchne par u London ke Westminster Lodge se jude. 1914 se 1920 tak, England mein rehne ke dauran, u lagataar TS se sambandhit rahin.
Yeh maana jaa sakta hai ki London ke Theosophical samuday ne unke wahan rehne ke dauran samajik sambandh banane mein madad ki. Is dauran, Dhar ne kuch bhashan diye aur 1919 mein do kitab likhi—Gauranga and his Gospel aur Krishna the Charioteer.[12] Dhar ke likhe kaam ek aur udaharan dikhate hain jahan ek Bengali Theosophist, Vaishnav dharm ke prati apni bhakti prakat karta hai.
1920 mein Dhar wapas India laut aaye aur Adyar ke General Secretary ko ek patra likh ke anurodh kiye ki unhe Calcutta ke Bhowanipur Lodge se joda jaaye. Yeh patra, jo aaj Adyar Archives mein surakshit hai, usmein Dhar ne England mein TS ke saath apne pehle ke sambandh ke baare mein jankari di.[13]
Yeh baat bhi dhyaan dene laayak hai ki Rajkumar Bhanj Deo ki shaadi Brahmo neta Keshab Chandra Sen ki badi beti Sucharu Devi se hui thi. Sucharu Devi, mahila adhikaar ki ek sakriya netri thi aur All India Women’s League ke netaon se judi hui thi—yeh ek aisa aandolan tha jismein Theosophists ka kaafi yogdan raha. Aise sambandh yeh dikhate hain ki Mohini Mohan Dhar, Calcutta aur desh ke anya hisson ke bauddhik varg se achhi tarah jude hue rahin. Unke dwara banaye gaye yeh network, Theosophy, Vaishnavism aur Bharat ke princely states ke beech ke gehre sambandhon ko samajhne mein madad karte hain.[14]
Public Image
[badlo | source ke badlo]1909 me, Mohini Mohan Dhar, ek darawna Dewan, courtroom proceeding ke dauran dekha gail. Dhar ek aadmi ke saza sunate aur unke authority dikhate dikhat rahin, taaki log unke dar aur shakti se darein. Courtroom me officials aur dekhnewale log tension me rahin, jo unke hukumat ke dauran ke dar ke mahal ke darshawe hai. Yeh aadmi is faisla ke 7 din baad public hanging se phansi de di gail.[15]
Public Image
[badlo | source ke badlo]Local log ke prati unka sympathy kam rahin aur unke khushi un power me rahin, jo Maharaja unko de rahin. East Bengal se aane ke kaaran, unhone apne region ke log ke state ke kai pad me rakhal, jaise ki apne bhai ke Sub-Registrar bana dena. Eh faisla se Uriya aur local Bengali log marginalized feel kail aur unme disappointment aur naraazgi bhail.[16]
Dhar ke upar Maharaja ke bharosa rahin, lekin local public opinion unke khilaaf rahin.
"Dhar is bringing a colony of men from East Bengal to Mayurbhanj and employing them in various state departments."
— Star of Utkal, Cuttack, 23 September 1905, Page 19, JSTOR[17]
"One of the cruelest yet most efficient Dewan of Mayurbhanj. Both horror and business is skyrocketing in Mayurbhanj."
— Abhinandita Newspaper, 1906
"Mayurbhanj could not reach the position, where it is now, if Dhar Babu was not the Dewan."
— Jitendra Kumar Pakrasi, Sanjivami, July 4th, 1912[18]
Family
[badlo | source ke badlo]Mohini Mohan Dhar Dhar ke janam 21 September 1866 ke bhail rahaa, Dar ke royal parivar me, gaon Jalsean, Dacca, East Bengal (ab Bangladesh) me. Unke pita Hara Mohan Dhar Esq. M.A.B.L. aur mata Elokeshi Dhar (née Choudhari) rahin. Unka dusra bhai-behan rahin—Jyotindra Mohan Dhar (b. 1863), Biraj Mohan Dhar (b. 1868), Sarala Dhar (b. 1870), aur Kadambini Dhar (b. 1872).
Unke pita, Hara Mohan Dhar, M.A.B.L. (b. 1839), ek Zamindar rahin, profession se barrister (Middle Temple), aur Raja Mukunda Mohan Dar (b. 1802), jo Dar area of Kashmir ke former Zamindar royal rahin, ke beta rahin. Dhar hai Maharaja Virendra V.M. Dar ke great grandson rahaa. Unke mata, Elokeshi Dhar (née Choudhari), Raja Gurnindra Choudhari ke teesra beti rahin, jo Bhagalpur ke ameer Zamindar rahin.
Mohini Mohan Dhar Dhar ke vivaah Saudamini Dhar se bhail, je Jogesh Chandra Ghosh ke bahin rahin. Unke bahut bachche rahin, jin me se kuchh prasiddh rahin—Dhirendra Mohan Dhar, jo Grey’s Inn se barrister rahin, aur Satyendra Mohan Dhar (b. 1897), C.I.E., I.C.S.
Unka beta, Dhirendra Mohan Dhar, Hatkhola ke royal parivar se Amiyabala of Hatkhola se vivaah karke, Sailendranath Sircar ke beti aur Peary Charan Sarkar ke poti, saath hi Kailashkamini of Hatkhola ke poti rahin.[19][20]
Business
[badlo | source ke badlo]Unhone Gidhni me apne mata ke naam par, Gidhni Elokeshi High School (also Elokeshi Balika Vidyalaya) aur Jaslin, Dhaka mein Dhaka Elokeshi High School ki sthaapna ki.[21][22]
Sandarbh
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ Bhanja Dynasty of Mayurbhanj: Exploring the Contribution of Maharaja Sri Ram Chandra Bhanj Deo (1890-1912) Ghanashyam Giri, Volume 7, Issue 2, March-April 2025 International Journal for Multidisciplinary Research (IJFMR) pp. 8
- ↑ Ahmed Sherrif (2018-05-16). "India's Iron Man: The Unsung Pioneer Who Made JN Tata's Industrial Dream A Reality!". The Better India. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ "Mayurbhanj History" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2025-02-26. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ https://www.getbengal.com/details/p-n-bose-was-first-indian-geologist-who-found-indias-vast-iron-ore-deposits-getbengal-story
- ↑ INDIAN SCIENCE CRUISER (ISSN : 0970-4256) Volume 38 No 1 January 2024 DOI: 10.24906/isc/2024/v38/i1/47349 pp.44 Pramatha Nath Bose and Technical Education
- ↑ https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=mohini+Mohan+Dhar+&btnG=#d=gs_qabs&t=1764745206027&u=%23p%3DCK81F-CU1kIJ pp. 60-61
- ↑ Subhayu Chattopadhyay (2005). "Science, Steel and 'Swadeshi': P.N. Bose and the Tatas". Proceedings of the Indian History Congress 66: 1202–1208. ISSN 2249-1937. https://www.jstor.org/stable/44145932.
- ↑ "SteelMint: Desi Data Masters". TheBizdom. 2021-05-27. Retrieved 2025-02-05.
- ↑ https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.22010/page/n525/mode/2up?q=Mohini The Asiatic Review Vol.15, January-october 1919
- ↑ Local News, Bhadmapada, Odiya news
- ↑ Ghadei, “Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo,” 60-61; Rout, “Maharaja Sriram Chandra Bhanj Deo of Mayurbhanj,” 33-34.
- ↑ Dhar, Gauranga and his Gospel; Dhar, Krishna the Charioteer.
- ↑ Mohini Mohan Dhar, Letter to the Recording Secretary, Theosophical Society, Adyar, 1 March 1920, in TS Adyar Archives File C2/TS: Federation-Correspondence/Bengal Federation.
- ↑ Mukhopadhyay, M. (2025). The occult world of Bengalis: The Theosophical movement in colonial South Asia and its global entanglements 1882-1942. [Thesis, fully internal, Universiteit van Amsterdam].
- ↑ The Baripada Gazette June 15, 1909
- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.33177162
- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/saoa.crl.33176888
- ↑ https://www.jstor.org/stable/pdf/saoa.crl.33176802.pdf?refreqid=fastly-default%3Afb8183768f93c30dc358e4eb2614f53d&ab_segments=0%2Fbasic_search_gsv2%2Fcontrol&initiator=&acceptTC=1
- ↑ Sailendra Sircar Centenary. BeeZone. 2019.
- ↑ Dutt, Haradhan (1978). Sekālora śikshāguru. Tuli-Kalama.
- ↑ "Elokeshi High School Jasmin". Retrieved 2025-04-10.
- ↑ "Currently Active OTM tenders of Education Engineering Department". Retrieved 2025-04-10.