Masaala

Paak kalaa (Culinary arts) me, ek masaala koi biyaa, fal, jarr, bark, nai to duusra paudhaa ke chij hae, jon uu ruup me hae jisse iske khaana ke flavoring nasi to coloring ke khaatir kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Masaala jarri-buuti se different hae, jon patti, fuul, nai to paudhaa ke stems hae jiske flavoring nai to garnish kare khaatir kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Masaala aur seasoning ekke chij nai hae, lekin masaala, seasoning ke vibhaag me jarri-buuti ke rakam hae.

Masaala ke kabhi-kabhi medicine, dharmik sanskaar, cosmetics, nai to sugandh (perfume) ke banae me kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Iske jaada kar ke masaala, masaala ke biyaa aur jarri-buuti ke vibhag me rakkhaa jaawe hae.^[1] Jaise, vanilla ke sugandh manufacturing me kaam me laaw ajaawe hae.^[2] Paudha se aawe waala mitthaa kare waala chij, jaise chini ke masaala nai maana jaawe hae.

Masaala ke dher ruup me kaam me laawa jaawe hae, jisme hae; taaja, puura, jhuraawal, khurchal, kaatal, piisal. Ii sab processes ke masaala ke beche se pahile karaa jaawe hae, kitchan me khaana ke tayaari kare ke time, aur table pe bhi jab khaana ke seve karaa jaawe hae, jaise pepper ke grind karnaa. Kuchh masaala, jaise hardi ke jaada kar ke piisal ruup me kharida jaawe hae. Chhotaa biyaa, jaise saunf aur sarso ke chaahe piisal nai to puure kaam me laawa jaawe hae.

Ek puura jhuraan masaala ke sab se jaada din talak rakkhaa jaawe sake hae, aur ii kaaran se iske dher amount me khariid ke rakkhaa jaawe sake hae, jisse ii per-serving basis pe sastaa parre hae. Ek taaja masaala, jaise adrak, ke jaada kar ke aur flavorful rahe hae, agar iske jhuraawal form se compare karaa jaawe, lekin taaja masaala aur mahangaa rahe hae aur iske dher din talak rakkhaa nai jaawe sake hae.

Ii saabuut nai hae ki masaala khaawe se health ke khaatir achchhaa hae. ^[3]

Dunia ke 75% masaala India me bane hae.^[4] Iske ek kaaran hae ki India ke khaana me dher masaala ke kaam me laawa jaawe hae. Agar itihass ke dekha jaae tab spice me trade Indian subcontinent, Middle East aur East Asia me suruu bhais rahaa. Europe me masaala ke maang, colonialism ke ek kaaran rahaa.

Itihaas

Puraana itihaas

Masaala ke acheological adyam karraa hae, kaaheki masaala ke chhotaa amount me kaam me laawa jaawe hae, aur isse bahut kamti bache hae.^[5]

Masaala me trade Indian subcontinent ^[6] aur Middle East me 2000B CE me suruu bhais rahaa, jisme jaada kar ke daalchini aur golmirch me trade karaa jaawat rahaa aur East Asia me jarri-buuti aur pepper me. Egypt ke log jarri-buuti ke khaana aur mummification ke khaatir kaam me laawat rahin. Uulog ke masaala ke demand ke kaaran dunia bhar me trade barrha.

Lawang ke Mesopotamia me 1700 BCE talak kaam me laawa jaawat rahaa.^{[note 1]} Sab se puraana likha gais records, masaala ke baare me, puraana Egyptian, Chinese, aur Indian cultures se aais hae. Ebers Papyrus, jon puraana Egypt ke hae, aur 1550 BCE puraana hae, lagbhag 800 herbal medicinal remedies and numerous medicinal procedures ke describe kare hae.^[10]

1000 BCE talak, medical systems based jon jarri0buuti pe based rahaa ke China, Korea, aur India me paawa jaae lagaa rahaa.^[11] Iske pahila kaam me laawe waale iske magic, medicine, religion, tradition, aur preservation me kaam me laawat rahin.^[12]

Indonesian ke merchants China, India, Middle East, aur Africa ke east coast me travel kare rahin. Arab merchants se Middle East aur India se travel karaa jaawat rahaa. Iske kaaran Egyptian Port of Alexandria masaala ke khaatir khaas port banaa rahaa. Sab se important discovery, European spice trade ke suruu hoe se pahile monsoon winds (40 CE) rahaa. Eastern spice cultivators sail kar ke Western European consumers ke lage jaawe lagin aur ii land-locked spice routes jiske Middle East Arab caravans control karat rahaa, ke replace kar diis.^[12]

Masaala, puraana dunia ke etna khaas chij rahaa ki iske baare me Old Testament me likha gais hae. Genesis me, Joseph ke gulami me masaala ke merchants ke becha gais rahaa. Exodus me, manna ke dhania ke rakam, dekhe me, describe karaa gais hae. Song of Solomon me, male narrator aapan premi ke dher kesar (saffron), daalchini (cinnamon), aur duusra masaala jaise describe kare hae.^[13]

Itihaas ke adhyan kare waale ii biswas kare hae ki jayfal (nutmeg), jon Southeast Asia ke Banda Islands se aawe hae, ke Europe me 6th century BCE me introduce karaa gais rahaa.^[14] Romans ke lage 1st CE me rahaa, kaaheki Pliny the Elder iske baare me likhis hae.^[15]

Middle Ages

Middle Ages me masaala beche waala chij me se sab se jaada mahangaa rahaa, Europe me,^[5] jisme se sab se common golmirch (black pepper), daalchini (cinnamon) (aur sastaa alternative cassia), jiira (cumin), jayfal (nutmeg), adrak, aur lawang). Jab medieval medicine ke khaas theory me humorism rahaa, masaala aur jarri-buuti ke khaana me jaruri rahaa ,^[6] har din pandemic ke time. European ke raj kare waala log me masaala ke dher maang rahaa, ii biswas kar ke ki ii "paradise" se connect karat rahaa.^[16] European aristocracy ke masaala ke demand ke ek namuuna King of Aragon se aawe hae, jon dher paisa kharchaa karis rahaa masaala ke Spain se 12th century me import kare ke khaatir. Uu aisan masaala ke khojat rahaa jiske wine me chhorraa jaae sake, aur dher aur Europe ke rtaja log yahii maangat rahin.^[17]

References

↑ "Spice and herb | Types, Uses, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). 2024-03-08. Retrieved 2024-04-09.
↑ Ahmad, Hafsa; Khera, Rasheed Ahmad; Hanif, Muhammad Asif; Ayub, Muhammad Adnan; Jilani, Muhammad Idrees (2020). "Vanilla". Medicinal Plants of South Asia. pp. 657–669. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00048-3. ISBN 978-0-08-102659-5.
↑ Vázquez-Fresno, Rosa; Rosana, Albert Remus R.; Sajed, Tanvir et al. (22 May 2019). "Herbs and Spices - Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review". Genes and Nutrition 14 (18): 18. doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8. PMC 6532192. PMID 31143299.
↑ "Spices Board". www.indianspices.com. Retrieved 2024-07-20.
↑ Moore, Katherine M (2013). "The archaeology of food". In Albala, Ken. Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies. Oxford & New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-78264-7.
↑ Steven E. Sidebotham (May 7, 2019). Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-30338-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved April 13, 2019.
↑ Daniel T. Potts (1997), Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. Archived Maach 26, 2023, at the Wayback Machine A&C Black publishers, p. 269
↑ Buccellati, G., M. Kelly-Buccellati, Terqa: The First Eight Seasons, Les Annales Archeologiques Arabes Syriennes 33(2), 1983, 47–67
↑ O'Connell, John (2016). The Book of Spice: From Anise to Zedoary. Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1-68177-152-6.
↑ Woodward, Penny (2003). "Herbs and Spices". In Katz. Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. 2. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 187–195.
↑ Sonal Dubey. "Indian Spices and their medicinal value". ResearchGate. doi:10.5530/ijper.51.3s.41. Retrieved 27 July 2025. By 1000 BCE, medical systems based upon herbs could be found in China, Korea, and India.
1 2 Murdock, Linda (2001). A Busy Cook's Guide to Spices: How to Introduce New Flavors to Everyday Meals. Bellwether Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-9704285-0-9.
↑ "Bible Gateway passage: Song of Songs 4:14 - New International Version". Bible Gateway (in English). Retrieved 2025-03-22.
↑ Burkill, I.H. (1966). A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture and Co-Operatives.
↑ Duke, J.A. (2002). CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4200-4048-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7. Retrieved May 9, 2017.
↑ Schivelbusch, Wolfgang (1992). Tastes of paradise : a social history of spices, stimulants, and intoxicants. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-57984-4. OCLC 24702170. http://worldcat.org/oclc/24702170. Retrieved December 4, 2022.
↑ Freedman, Paul (June 5, 2015). "Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Potent Substances: On the Boundaries of Food and Medicine 167: 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065. PMID 25450779.

↑ A team of archaeologists led by Giorgio Buccellati excavating the ruins of a burned-down house at the site of Terqa, in modern-day Syria, found a ceramic pot containing a handful of cloves. The house had burned down around 1720 BC and this was the first evidence of cloves being used in the west before Roman times.^[7]^[8]^[9]

Cite error: <ref> tags exist for a group named "note", but no corresponding <references group="note"/> tag was found

[1] "Spice and herb | Types, Uses, & Facts | Britannica". www.britannica.com (in English). 2024-03-08. Retrieved 2024-04-09.

[2] Ahmad, Hafsa; Khera, Rasheed Ahmad; Hanif, Muhammad Asif; Ayub, Muhammad Adnan; Jilani, Muhammad Idrees (2020). "Vanilla". Medicinal Plants of South Asia. pp. 657–669. doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102659-5.00048-3. ISBN 978-0-08-102659-5.

[:3-3] Vázquez-Fresno, Rosa; Rosana, Albert Remus R.; Sajed, Tanvir et al. (22 May 2019). "Herbs and Spices - Biomarkers of Intake Based on Human Intervention Studies – A Systematic Review". Genes and Nutrition 14 (18): 18. doi:10.1186/s12263-019-0636-8. PMC 6532192. PMID 31143299.

[4] "Spices Board". www.indianspices.com. Retrieved 2024-07-20.

[5] Moore, Katherine M (2013). "The archaeology of food". In Albala, Ken. Routledge International Handbook of Food Studies. Oxford & New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-78264-7.

[Sidebotham2019-6] Steven E. Sidebotham (May 7, 2019). Berenike and the Ancient Maritime Spice Route. Univ of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-30338-6. https://books.google.com/books?id=Tw6LDwAAQBAJ. Retrieved April 13, 2019.

[7] Daniel T. Potts (1997), Mesopotamian Civilization: The Material Foundations. Archived Maach 26, 2023, at the Wayback Machine A&C Black publishers, p. 269

[8] Buccellati, G., M. Kelly-Buccellati, Terqa: The First Eight Seasons, Les Annales Archeologiques Arabes Syriennes 33(2), 1983, 47–67

[9] O'Connell, John (2016). The Book of Spice: From Anise to Zedoary. Pegasus Books. ISBN 978-1-68177-152-6.

[11] Woodward, Penny (2003). "Herbs and Spices". In Katz. Encyclopedia of Food and Culture. 2. Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 187–195.

[12] Sonal Dubey. "Indian Spices and their medicinal value". ResearchGate. doi:10.5530/ijper.51.3s.41. Retrieved 27 July 2025. By 1000 BCE, medical systems based upon herbs could be found in China, Korea, and India.

[ABCp14-13] 1 2 Murdock, Linda (2001). A Busy Cook's Guide to Spices: How to Introduce New Flavors to Everyday Meals. Bellwether Books. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-9704285-0-9.

[14] "Bible Gateway passage: Song of Songs 4:14 - New International Version". Bible Gateway (in English). Retrieved 2025-03-22.

[15] Burkill, I.H. (1966). A Dictionary of the Economic Products of the Malay Peninsula. Kuala Lumpur: Ministry of Agriculture and Co-Operatives.

[Duke_2002_p._7-16] Duke, J.A. (2002). CRC Handbook of Medicinal Spices. CRC Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4200-4048-7. https://books.google.com/books?id=vPTLBQAAQBAJ&pg=PA7. Retrieved May 9, 2017.

[17] Schivelbusch, Wolfgang (1992). Tastes of paradise : a social history of spices, stimulants, and intoxicants. Pantheon Books. ISBN 0-394-57984-4. OCLC 24702170. http://worldcat.org/oclc/24702170. Retrieved December 4, 2022.

[:0-18] Freedman, Paul (June 5, 2015). "Health, wellness and the allure of spices in the Middle Ages". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. Potent Substances: On the Boundaries of Food and Medicine 167: 47–53. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2014.10.065. PMID 25450779.

[10] A team of archaeologists led by Giorgio Buccellati excavating the ruins of a burned-down house at the site of Terqa, in modern-day Syria, found a ceramic pot containing a handful of cloves. The house had burned down around 1720 BC and this was the first evidence of cloves being used in the west before Roman times.^[7]^[8]^[9]

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