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Indo-Scythian Samrajya

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Indo-Scythian kingdom
c. 150 BCE–400 CE
Indo-Scythians ke ilaaka jab uu log sab se taagatwar rahin, jisme Northern Satraps aur Western Satraps bhi hae.
Indo-Scythians ke ilaaka jab uu log sab se taagatwar rahin, jisme Northern Satraps aur Western Satraps bhi hae.
CapitalTaxila
Common languagesSaka,[1]
Greek,
Pali and Gandhāri (Kharoshthi script),
Sanskrit,
Prakrit (Brahmi script)
Religion
Hinduism
GovernmentMonarchy
King 
• 85–60 BCE
Maues
• 10–25 CE
Rajuvula
Historical eraAntiquity
• Established
c. 150 BCE
• Disestablished
400 CE
Area
20 est.[2]2,600,000 km2 (1,000,000 sq mi)
Preceded by		Succeeded by
Greco-Bactrian kingdom
Indo-Greek kingdom
Maurya Empire
Kushan Empire
Sassanid Empire
Apracharajas
Indo-Parthians
Paratarajas
Gupta Empire

Indo-Scythian Kingdom, jiske Indo-Sakas ke naam se bhi jaana jaae hae, ghumtu log rahin jon Iranic aur Scythian origin ke rahii jon Central Asia se Indus Valley, abhi ke Pakistan aur Afghanistan, Eastern Iran aur northern India me aapan samrajya banae rahin. Ii migrations second century BCE se fourth century CE talak hote rahaa.

Indian subcontinent ke pahila Saka raaja Maues/Moga (first century BCE) rahaa, jon Saka ke raajya ke Gandhara, Indus Valley, aur duusra ilaaka me suruu karis rahaa. Indo-Scythian log aapan taagat ke north-western subcontinent bhar barrhae rahin, aur iske saathe Indo-Greeks aur duusra log ke aapan niche kar le rahin. Ii log ke ant uu time aais jab uulog ke Kushan Empire ke Kujula Kadphises, nai to Kanishka harais rahaa. Lekin Saka log ke ii jagha pe subedar ke rupp me raaj karte dewa gais rahaa, jisse Northern Satraps aur Western Satraps banaa rahaa. Saka ke raaja log ke taagat 2nd century CE ke baad kamjor hoe lagaa jab Indo-Scythians ke Satavahana samraat Gautamiputra Satakarni harais rahaa.[3][4] Indo-Scythian ke raaj, northwestern subcontinent me, uu time khalaas bhais jab aakhri Western Satrap, Rudrasimha III, Gupta samraat Chandragupta II 395 CE me harais rahaa.[5][6]

Northern Indian subcontinent ke Scythian tribes, jon Central Asia ke rahin, ke invasion ke jaada kar ke Indo-Scythian invasion bola jaawe hae, aur iske khaas asar history of the subcontinent aur parros ke ilaaka me rahaa. Indo-Scythian larrai ke kaaran nomads ke Central Asia se bhaage ke kaaran rahaa kaaheki uulog ke duusra tribe, jaise Xiongnu se matbhed rahaa second century CE me, jiske dher din ke asar Bactria, Kabul aur Indian subcontinent east me, aur Rome aur Parthia west me. Puraana Roman historians, jaise Arrian[7] aur Claudius Ptolemy, ii batain hae ki puraana Sakas ("Sakai") nomadic log rahin.[8] Indo-Scythian samrajya ke pahila raaja Maues (c. 85–60 BCE) aur Vonones (c. 75–65 BCE) rahin.[9]

References

[badlo | source ke badlo]
  1. ↑ Diringer, David (1953) (in en). The Alphabet: A Key to the History of Mankind (Second and revised ed.). London: Hutchinson's Scientific and Technical Publications. p. 350. https://archive.org/details/in.ernet.dli.2015.57042/page/n351/mode/2up.
  2. ↑ Taagepera, Rein (1979). "Size and Duration of Empires: Growth-Decline Curves, 600 B.C. to 600 A.D". Social Science History 3 (3/4): 115–138. doi:10.2307/1170959.
  3. ↑ World history from Early Times to AD 2000 by B. V. Rao, p. 97
  4. ↑ A Brief History of India, by Alain Daniélou p. 136
  5. ↑ India in a Globalised World by Sagarika Dutt, p. 24
  6. ↑ Ancient India by Ramesh Chandra Majumdar, p. 234
  7. ↑ "Arrian: Anabasis Alexandri: Book VIII (Indica); Section V". Ancient History Sourcebooks. Fordham University. Retrieved 2019-01-21.
  8. ↑ Ptolemy vi, xiii (1932), p. 143.
  9. ↑ Suchandra Ghosh (2016-01-11). "Indo-Scythian (Saka) Kingdom". In Nigel Dalziel, John M MacKenzie (in en). The Encyclopedia of Empire. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. pp. 1–2. doi:10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe067. ISBN 978-1-118-45507-4. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/9781118455074.wbeoe067. Retrieved 2023-01-28.
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