Deccan sultanates
Deccan sultanates ek itihasik term hae jisse paanch late medieval se early modern Muslim samrajya Deccan Plateau me Krishna Naddi aur Vindhya Range ke biich me rahaa. Ii sab suruu bhain rahaa jab Bahmani Sultanate tuut gais rahaa[1][2] aur ispe dher raaj-kul raaj karat rahin: Ahmadnagar, Berar, Bidar, Bijapur, aur Golconda.[3] Ahmadnagar pahila rahaa jon apne ke ajaad declare karis rahaa, 1490 me;[4] jiske baad , wahii saal me Bijapur aur Berar apne se ajaad bhay rahin. Bidar c. 1492 me,[5] aur Golconda 1512 me ajaad bhais rahaa.[6]
Jab ii paanche sultanates pe Muslims raaj kaeat rahin, uske suruu kare waale dher origin ke rahin: Nizam Shahi raaj-kul, Ahmadnagar Sultanate ke raaj kare waala palwaar, ke Malik Hasan Bahri, ek Marathi Muslim jon Brahmin origin ke rahaa, suruu karis rahaa;[8] the Berar Sultanate by a Kannadiga Muslim of Brahmin origin;[9][10] Bidar Sultanate ke ek Georgian gulaam rahaa;[11] Bijapur Sultanate ke ek pardesi rahaa jon ek Georgian gulaam rahaa hoi jiske Mahmud Gawan kharidis rahaa;[12] aue Golconda Sultanate ke ek gulaam jon Iranian Turkmen origin ke rahaa.[13][14]
Sab Deccan sultanates apne ke Bahmani Sultanate ke successor maane hae, aur Bahmanid coins ke kaam me laate rahin, apne coin nikaale ke jagha.[15] Jab ki ii sab sultanates ek duusre ke dusman rahin, uulog ek saathe hoe ke Vijayanagara Samrajyake virod me, 1565 me larre rahin, jisse Vijayanagara, Battle of Talikota ke baad kamjor hoe gais rahaa. Khaas kar ke, ii log ke alliance puura Vijayanagara city ke barbaad kar de rahin, aur important mandir ke jarae dewa gais rahaa.
1574 me, Berar me ek coup ke baad, Ahmadnagar invaded kar ke iske aapan niche kar liis. 1619 me, Bidar ke Bijapur aapan niche kar liiis rahaa. Ii sultanates ke baad me Mughal Samrajya aapan niche kar liis rahaa: Berar ke 1596 me Ahmadnagar se nikaal dewa gais rahaa; Ahmadnagar ke 1616 aur 1636 ke biich me puura lae lewa gais rahaa; aur Golconda aur Bijapur ke Aurangzeb 1686–87 me conquer kar liis rahaa.[16]
References
[badlo | source ke badlo]- ↑ Majumdar 1962, p. 269.
- ↑ Sen 2013, pp. 117–119.
- ↑ Sohoni 2018.
- ↑ Navina Najat Haidar, Marika Sardar (2015). Sultans of Deccan India, 1500–1700. Metropolitan Museum of Art. p. 45. ISBN 9780300211108. https://books.google.com/books?id=oi4nBwAAQBAJ&dq=nizam+ul+mulk+bahri+deccani+faction&pg=PA45.
- ↑ Majumdar 1974, p. 412.
- ↑ Template:EI3
- ↑ Davies, C. Collin (1959) (in en). An Historical Atlas of the Indian Peninsula. Oxford University Press. pp. 42. ISBN 978-0-19-635139-1. https://books.google.com/books/about/Historical_Atlas_of_the_Indian_Peninsula.html?id=Hny_0AEACAAJ&redir_esc=y.
- ↑ Sakkottai Krishnaswami Aiyangar (1951). Ancient India and South Indian History & Culture. Oriental Book Agency. p. 81. https://books.google.com/books?id=W3tDAAAAYAAJ&q=nizam+mulk+bahri+dakhani.
- ↑ Thomas Wolseley Haig · (101). Historic Landmarks of the Deccan. Pioneer Press. p. 6. https://books.google.com/books?id=YW5CAQAAMAAJ&q=Fathullah+Imad+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+Malik+Hasan+Nizam+-+ul+-+Mulk+,+and+his+son+,+Malik+Ahmad+,+Deccanis+%3B+and+Khudawand+....
- ↑ Cite error: Invalid
<ref>tag; no text was provided for refs namedFerishta - ↑ Bosworth 1996.
- ↑ I. M. Muthanna (1977). Karnataka, History, Administration & Culture. Lotus Printers. p. 120. https://books.google.com/books?id=uCYdAAAAMAAJ&q=adil+shahi+georgian. Retrieved 25 April 2021.
- ↑ Minorsky, V. (1955). "The Qara-qoyunlu and the Qutb-shāhs (Turkmenica, 10)". Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London (Cambridge University Press) 17 (1): 50–73. doi:10.1017/S0041977X00106342. https://www.jstor.org/stable/609229. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ↑ Khan, Masud Husain (1996). Mohammad Quli Qutb Shah. Sahitya Akademi. p. 2. ISBN 9788126002337. https://books.google.com/books?id=v4UKJFLZVcEC. Retrieved 20 November 2020.
- ↑ Sohoni 2018, p. 59.
- ↑ "500 years of Deccan history fading away due to neglect", 27 December 2018.