Chola Samrajya

Chola Empire
Chola Empire
848–1279
	Gold Gadyana coin of emperor Rajaraja I (985–1014). Uncertain; Tamil Nadu mint. Legend "Chola, conqueror of the Gangas" in; Tamil, seated tiger with two fish.
	The Chola Empire at its greatest extent c. 1030, under Rajendra I
Capital	Pazhaiyaarai, Thanjavur,; Gangaikonda Cholapuram
Official languages	Middle Tamil; Classical Sanskrit (liturgical purpose);
Religion	Hinduism
Government	Monarchy
Chakravartigal
• 848–871	Vijayalaya Chola (first)
• 1246–1279	Rajendra III (last)
Historical era	Middle Ages
• Established	848
• Empire at its greatest extent	1030
• Disestablished	1279
Preceded by	Succeeded by
	Pandya dynasty
	Pallava Empire
	Chera Kingdom
	Eastern Chalukyas
	Srivijaya Empire
	Tambralinga
	Eastern Ganga dynasty
	Anuradhapura Kingdom
	Principality of Ruhuna
	Western Chalukya Empire
Pandya dynasty
Kingdom of Polonnaruwa
Kakatiya Empire
Eastern Ganga dynasty
Melayu Kingdom
Venad
Hoysala Empire

Chola Samrajya, dakchhin India ke ek samrajya rahaa jispe Chola dynasty raaj karat rahin. Iske India se baahar ke dominion, Southeast Asia me rahaa.

Itihaas

Suruwaat

Vijayalaya, jon puraana Chola ke descendant rahaa, Chola Samrajya ke 848 me suruu karis rahaa. Vijayalaya ke mauka milaa jab Pandya aur Pallava Samrajya ek duusre se larrai karat rahin, tab uu c. 850 me, Thanjavur ke Muttarayar ke capture kar liis, aur Chola raaj-kul ke suruu karis rahaa. Thanjavur, Imperial Chola empire ke capital banaa rahaa.

Aditya I ke niche, Chola log Pallavas ke saathe, Madurai ke Pandyan dynasty ke 885 me harae ke Kannnada des ke dher hissa ke aapan niche kar le rahin. Baad me Aditya I Pallava log ke harae ke Tondaimandalam ke aapan niche kar liss rahaa. 925 me Aditya ke larrka, Parantaka I Sri Lanka ke jiitis rahaa. Baad me, Paramtaka I ke Rashtrakutas log, Krishna III ke niche, harae de rahin aur uske heir Rajaditya Chola ke maut hoe gais rahaa. Ii larrai me Chola log Tondaimandalam ke haar gae rahin. ^[2]

Chola log, Parantaka II ke niche Pandaya ke harae ke aapan kingdom ke Tondaimandalam talak barrhae le rahin. Parataka II ke baad, Uttama Chola aur fir Raja Raja Chola I emporer rahaa.^[3]

Shaahi yug

Rajaraja I aur Rajendra I ke niche, Chola Samrajya aapan Imperial state me pahucha rahaa. Jab ii samrajya aapan chotii pe rahaa tab ii Sri Lanka ke uttar hissa se lae ke uttar ke bagal Godavari–Krishna basin talak, aur Konkan coast, Bhatkal me, puura Malabar Coast (Chea des) Lakshadweep aur Maldives islands talak faela rahaa. Rajaraja Chola I ek saktisaali raaja rahaa, jaise jaise larrai larrat rahaa, wahii rakam aapan des pe bhi raaj karat rahaa. Uu aapan samrajya ke bajbuuti se chalaawat rahaa, jisme taagatwar local sarkar bhi rahaa. 1000 me, Rajaraja, jamiin ke survey karis rahaa, jisse samrajya ke resources ke ekkatthaa karaa jaae sake. Uu Brihadeeswarar Mandir ke 1010 me banais rahaa.^[4]

References

↑ Thapar, Romila (2004) (in en). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=-5irrXX0apQC&pg=PA366. "The unobtrusive titles used by the early Chola kings were replaced with high-sounding ones, such as chakravartigal (emperor, the equivalent of the northern chakravartin)."
↑ Cholas I. http://archive.org/details/CholasI.
↑ Cholas I. http://archive.org/details/CholasI.
↑ "Endowments to the Temple". Archaeological Survey of India.

[1] Thapar, Romila (2004) (in en). Early India: From the Origins to AD 1300. University of California Press. p. 366. ISBN 978-0-520-24225-8. https://books.google.com/books?id=-5irrXX0apQC&pg=PA366. "The unobtrusive titles used by the early Chola kings were replaced with high-sounding ones, such as chakravartigal (emperor, the equivalent of the northern chakravartin)."

[2] Cholas I. http://archive.org/details/CholasI.

[3] Cholas I. http://archive.org/details/CholasI.

[4] "Endowments to the Temple". Archaeological Survey of India.

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