Wikipedia:IPA for Greek

Consonants
Greek alphabet	IPA		Examples	English equivalent for Modern Greek
Greek alphabet	Anc.	Mod.	Examples	English equivalent for Modern Greek
β	b	v	βίος [ˈvios]	vet
γ	ɡ	ɣ	γάλα [ˈɣala]
γ	ɡ	ʝ^[1]	γη [ʝi]	yellow
δ	d	ð	δημοκρατία [ðimokraˈtia]	then
ζ	dz^[2]	z	ζώνη [ˈzoni]	zero
θ	tʰ	θ	θεολογία [θeoloˈʝia]	thing
κ	k	k	καλός [kaˈlos]	sky
κ	k	c^[1]	κύκλος [ˈciklos]	somewhat like key
λ	l	l	λεξικό [leksiˈko]	lie
λ	l	ʎ^[3]	ελιά [eˈʎa]	million
μ	m	m	μηχανικός [mixaniˈkos]	mine
ν	n	n	νέος [ˈneos]	nine
ν	n	ɲ^[3]	νιότη [ˈɲoti]	onion
ξ	ks		ξενοφοβία [ksenofoˈvia]	tax
π	p		πρόγραμμα [ˈproɣrama]	spy
ρ	r	r^[4]	ρητορική [ritoriˈci]	trilled r, as in Italian and Spanish
ῥ	r̥^[5]	r^[4]		trilled r, as in Italian and Spanish
σ^[6]	s		σύστημα [ˈsistima]	sea
τ	t		τηλέφωνο [tiˈlefono]	step
φ	pʰ	f	φαινόμενο [feˈnomeno]	fly
χ	kʰ	x	χάος [ˈxaos]	loch (Scottish)
χ	kʰ	ç^[1]	χειρόγραφος [çiˈroɣrafos]	(often) human
ψ	ps		ψυχοθεραπεία [psixoθeraˈpia]	tips
γγ		ŋɡ, ŋɣ^[7]	αγγούρι [aŋˈguri]/συγγραφέας [siŋɣraˈfeas]	finger
γγ		ɲɟ, ŋʝ^[1]^[7]	άγγελος [ˈaɲɟelos]/εγγενής [eɲʝeˈnis]	angel
γκ		ɡ, ŋɡ^[7]	εγκώμιο [eŋˈgomio]	good, finger
γκ		ɟ, ɲɟ^[1]^[7]	εγκυκλοπαίδεια [eɲɟikloˈpeðia]	argue, angular
γχ		ŋx^[7]	άγχος [ˈaŋxos]
γχ		ɲç^[1]^[7]	εγχείριση [eɲˈçirisi]
γξ		ŋks	έλεγξα [ˈeleŋksa]	thanks
μπ		b, mb^[7]	εμπάθεια [emˈbaθia]	book, amble
ντ		d, nd^[7]	εντάξει [enˈdaksi]	duck, under
τσ		ts	τσάι [ˈtsai]	cats
τζ		dz	τζαζ [ˈdzaz]	pads

Vowels
Greek alphabet	IPA		Examples	English equivalent for Modern Greek
Greek alphabet	Anc.	Mod.	Examples	English equivalent for Modern Greek
α	a	a	αλφάβητο [alˈfavito]	tar, spa
α	aː	a		tar, spa
αι	ai	e		between bet and bait
ε	e	e	ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia]	between bet and bait
ει	eː	i^[8]^[9]	ενέργεια [eˈnerʝia]	seem
η	ɛː		ηθική [iθiˈci]
ι	i		ιστορία [istoˈria]
ι	iː
υ^[10]	y		υγιεινή [iʝiiˈni]
υ^[10]	yː
οι	ɔi		οικονομία [ikonoˈmia]
υι			υιός [iˈos]
ο	o	o	οργανισμός [orɣanizˈmos]	hope
ω	ɔː	o	ώρα [ˈora]	hope
αυ	au	av, af	αύρα [ˈavra] /αυθεντικός [afθendiˈkos]	[a] then [v] / [f]
ευ	eu	ev, ef	ευρώπη [evˈropi] / ευφορία[efoˈria]	[e] then [v] / [f]
ηυ	ɛːu	iv, if	εφηύρα [eˈfivra] / ηυξημένος [ifksiˈmenos]	[i] then [v] / [f]
ου	oː	u	ουτοπία [utoˈpia]	boot

Stress and tone
IPA	Examples
Ancient Greek
á		Acute: High tone on short vowels.
àá		Rising to high tone on long vowels and diphthongs.
à		Grave: low tone.
áà		Circumflex: High and falling tone on long vowels and diphthongs.
Modern Greek
'a	άλλος [ˈallos]	Stress mark: placed before the stressed syllable or vowel. Represented in monotonic orthography by tonos. Occurs on one of final three syllables, including any enclitics.

Notes [badlo]

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ‹γ›, ‹κ›, ‹χ›, ‹γγ›, ‹γκ›, ‹γχ› represent palatal [ʝ c ç ɲɟ ɲç] only before the front vowels [i] and [e]. The velar and palatal series series are sometimes analyzed as allophones of a single dorsal series.
↑ Also may have been /zd/.
↑ ^3.0 ^3.1 [ʎ] and [ɲ] are usually analysed as clusters of /li/ and /ni/ respectively, and are also spelled accordingly in Greek orthography. Palatalized pronunciation presupposes the presence of yet another vowel after the palatalized consonant and its following /i/. If there is no subsequent second vowel, palatalization does not occur.
↑ May be a tap [ɾ] intervocalically.
↑ May have been /rʰ/.
↑ ‹σ› represents [z] before [b v m r ɣ] eg: Σμήνος [ˈzminos]
↑ ^7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 γκ, μπ, ντ usually represent [ŋg~ɲɟ mb nd] when found in the middle of a Greek word, [g~ɟ b d] when found in any foreign word or in the beginning of the a Greek one. eg: αμπέλι [amˈbeli], μπαμπάς {{IPA[baˈbas]}}
↑ The large number of mergers into Modern Greek /i/ is called Iotacism.
↑ Letters normally representing /i/ can also indicate a palatal pronunciation of dorsal consonants when appearing before other vowels: i.e instead of velar [ɣ k x ɡ], palatal [ʝ c ç ɟ] occur (eg: γιαγιά [ʝaˈʝa], κιόλας [ˈcolas], χιόνι [ˈçoni], μαγκιά [maˈɟa]. A similar process has a palatal fricative follow other consonants; [ʝ] follows voiced consonants [v b d ð z r] (eg: χέρια [ˈcerʝa], βαριέμαι [varˈʝeme]) and [ç follows voiceless consonants [f p θ t s ts] (eg: καρφιά [karfˈça], ποιος [pços], ρεβύθια [reˈviθça]). Similarly [ɲ] follows [m] under similar situations (eg: μια [mɲa], καλαμιά [kalaˈmɲa]
↑ When following a vowel, ‹υ› represents a pronunciation with [f] before ‹θ›, ‹κ›, ‹ξ›, ‹π›, ‹σ›, ‹τ›, ‹φ›, ‹χ›, ‹ψ›, and a pronunciation with [v] elsewhere.

External links [badlo]

[palatal-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 ^1.4 ^1.5 ‹γ›, ‹κ›, ‹χ›, ‹γγ›, ‹γκ›, ‹γχ› represent palatal [ʝ c ç ɲɟ ɲç] only before the front vowels [i] and [e]. The velar and palatal series series are sometimes analyzed as allophones of a single dorsal series.

[2] Also may have been /zd/.

[ln-3] 3.0 ^3.1 [ʎ] and [ɲ] are usually analysed as clusters of /li/ and /ni/ respectively, and are also spelled accordingly in Greek orthography. Palatalized pronunciation presupposes the presence of yet another vowel after the palatalized consonant and its following /i/. If there is no subsequent second vowel, palatalization does not occur.

[4] May be a tap [ɾ] intervocalically.

[5] May have been /rʰ/.

[6] ‹σ› represents [z] before [b v m r ɣ] eg: Σμήνος [ˈzminos]

[prenasal-7] 7.0 ^7.1 ^7.2 ^7.3 ^7.4 ^7.5 ^7.6 ^7.7 γκ, μπ, ντ usually represent [ŋg~ɲɟ mb nd] when found in the middle of a Greek word, [g~ɟ b d] when found in any foreign word or in the beginning of the a Greek one. eg: αμπέλι [amˈbeli], μπαμπάς {{IPA[baˈbas]}}

[8] The large number of mergers into Modern Greek /i/ is called Iotacism.

[soften-9] Letters normally representing /i/ can also indicate a palatal pronunciation of dorsal consonants when appearing before other vowels: i.e instead of velar [ɣ k x ɡ], palatal [ʝ c ç ɟ] occur (eg: γιαγιά [ʝaˈʝa], κιόλας [ˈcolas], χιόνι [ˈçoni], μαγκιά [maˈɟa]. A similar process has a palatal fricative follow other consonants; [ʝ] follows voiced consonants [v b d ð z r] (eg: χέρια [ˈcerʝa], βαριέμαι [varˈʝeme]) and [ç follows voiceless consonants [f p θ t s ts] (eg: καρφιά [karfˈça], ποιος [pços], ρεβύθια [reˈviθça]). Similarly [ɲ] follows [m] under similar situations (eg: μια [mɲa], καλαμιά [kalaˈmɲa]

[10] When following a vowel, ‹υ› represents a pronunciation with [f] before ‹θ›, ‹κ›, ‹ξ›, ‹π›, ‹σ›, ‹τ›, ‹φ›, ‹χ›, ‹ψ›, and a pronunciation with [v] elsewhere.

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Wikipedia:IPA for Greek

Notes [badlo]

External links [badlo]

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