France
Wikipedia se
| République française | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
|||||
| Des ke jaankari | |||||
| Des ke motto: | Liberty, Equality, Brotherhood (French: Liberté, Egalité, Fraternité) |
||||
| National anthem: | La Marseillaise | ||||
| Log ke baare me | |||||
| Official bhasa: | French | ||||
| Population: | |||||
| - Total: | 63,044,000 (ranked 42) | ||||
| - Density: | 111 per km² | ||||
| Jagah | |||||
 |
|||||
| Capital City: | Paris | ||||
| Sab se barraa City: | Paris | ||||
| Area | |||||
| - Total: | 674,843 km² (ranked 40) | ||||
| Politics / Government | |||||
| Leader: | President: Nicolas Sarkozy Prime Minister: François Fillon |
||||
| Economy / Money | |||||
| Paisa ke naam: | Euro (€) | ||||
| International information | |||||
| Time ke zone: | +1 Summer: +2 |
||||
| Telephone ke dialing code: | 33 | ||||
| Internet domain: | .fr | ||||
France (French: France), jiske official naam French Republic (French: République française) hai, Europe ke ek des hai. Iske capital city Paris hai. France, European Union ke member hai. France ke iske monuments aur structures khatir jaise ki, Louvre, Eiffel Tower, Arc de Triomphe, Giverny, Versailles, aur Notre Dame hai. France ek des hai jiske régions aur départements me baata gais hai.
France, 17th century se one of the world's biggest powers hai. 18th aur 19th centuries me France, ek barraa colonial empire ke banais jon ki West Africa aur Southeast Asia me rahaa. France me sab se jaada tourist logan jaae hai aur hian pe har saal 82 million tourists jaawe hai.[1] France, European Union ke suruu kare waala pahila des me se ek rahaa aur iske land area European Union me sab se jaada hai. France, United Nations ke bhi founding member hai aur ii G8 aur NATO ke bhi member hai. Ii United Nations Security Council ke paanch permanent members me se ek hai. France, ek nuclear power hai aur iske lake active warheads aur nuclear power plants hai.
France ke kuch baraa city hai: Nice, Marseille, Bordeaux, Lille, Lyon, Toulouse, Strasbourg, Nantes aur Paris.
vishay suchi |
[badlo] Geography
France, Western Europe me hai. France ke merr (border) Belgium, Luxembourg, Germany, Switzerland, Italy, Monaco, Andorra, aur Spain se hai. France me dui pahaarr hai jiske naam hai the Alps aur Pyrenees. France me dher naddi hai, jaise ki Seine aur Loire. France ke north aur west me chota pahaarr aur naddi ke valley hai. France me dher rakam ke mausam rahe hai. Atlantic north and west ke mausam ke bahut affect kare hai. Iske matlab ii hai ki temperature sab time lg hag ek rakam rahe hai. East me winter bahut thanda rhae hai. Summer me bahut garam rahe aur tuufan bhi aae hai. South me summer me garam aur jhuura rahe hai aur winter me thanda aur bhiija rahe hai.
[badlo] History
"France" ke naam Latin Francia se aais hai, jiske matlab hai "land of the Franks" nai to "Frankland".
France ke abhi ke border purana Gaul ke border ke rakam hai. Purana Gaul me Celtic Gauls log rahat rahin. Gaul ke 1st century BC me Rome, jiske leader Julius Caesar rahaa, capture kar liis rahaa. Dhire dhire, Eventually, Gauls log Roman bhasa (Latin, jisme se French bhasa aais hai) aur Roman ke rahan. Christianity 2nd aur 3rd century me France me faila aur fourth aur fifth century me ekdam tagrraa hoe gais.
4th century AD, me Germanic tribes, jisme jaada kar ke Franks rahin Gaul ke invade kar diin aur ii rakam se france ke naam milaa. Abhi ke “France” ke naam Capetian France ke Raja logan jon ki Paris ke rahin, se aais hai. Roman Empire ke gire ke baad, Franks logan Europe ke pahila tribe rahin jon ki Catholic Christianity banin. French logan apne aap ke “the Most Christian Kingdom of France” bole hai.
Treaty of Verdun (843), Charlemagne ke Empire ke tiin bhaag me baat diis. Isme se sab se baraa Western Francia rahaa jisme se modern France aais hai.
Carolingian dynasty 987 France me raj karis, jab Hugh Capet, France ke Raja banaa. Uske descendants, logan Capetian dynasty, House of Valois aur House of Bourbon, bahut din ke larrai ke baad des ke unite kar diis. 17th century aur Louis XIV of France ke raj me ii log bahut tagatwar rahin. Uu time France me Europe ke sab se jaada population rahaa. Ii des European politics, economy, aur culture ke bahut influence karis. French diplomacy ke khaas bhasa banaa. Enlightenment bhi jaada kar ke France me bhais. 18th century me France ke scientist logan bhi bahut kuch discover karin. France, Americas, Africa aur Asia me dher colony bhi establish karis.
1789 talak, jab French Revolution bhais, France ek monarchy rahaa. King Louis XVI aur uske aurat, Marie Antoinette, ke 1793 me maardewa gais. 1799 me Napoleon Bonaparte Republic ke take over karis. Baad me uu apne aap ke Emperor of the First Empire (1804–1814) banais. Uske army jaada continental Europe ke conquer kar liis rahaa.
1815 me Battle of Waterloo me Napoleon ke aakhri haar ke baad French monarchy ke fir se suruu karaa gais. Baad me, 1852 me, Louis-Napoléon Bonaparte Second Empire banais. 1870 me Franco-Prussian war ke baand me Louis-Napoléon ke hatae dewa gais aur Third Republic suruu karaa gais.
18th and 19th centuries me France ek barraa colonial empire banais. Ii empire me West Africa aur Southeast Asia ke bhaag rahaa. Ii sab jagah ke culture and politics France se influence bhais hai. Dher phile ke ex-colonies abhi French language ke kaam me laawe hai.
[badlo] Administrative divisions
France ke (administrative) regions me baata gais hai jisme se 22 Metropolitan France me hai:
|
1. Alsace |
12. Île-de-France |
 |
- Corsica ke alag ke status hai aur iske collectivité territoriale bola jaae hai.
France ke 4 overseas regions hai:
-
- Guadeloupe (in the Caribbean)
- French Guiana (in South America)
- Martinique (in the Caribbean)
- Réunion (in the Indian Ocean).
Ii chaar overseas regions ke hak metropolitan region ke rakam hai.
France ke 100 departments me baata gais hai. Ii departments ke 342 arrondissements me baata gais hai. arrondissements ke fir se 4,032 cantons me baata gais hai. Sab se chhota subdivision commune hai. 1 January 2008, me INSEE 36,781 communes ke gini jisme se 36,569 metropolitan France aur 212 overseas France me hai .[2][3] This is more than in any other European country.
[badlo] Sarkar
France ke sarkar semi-presidential system hai jaise ki French fifth Republic ke Constitution ke likha hai. Ii des apne ke "an indivisible, secular, democratic, aur social Republic" bole hai.
[badlo] Military
France ke armed forces ke chaar branches me baata gais hai:
- The Armée de Terre (Army)
- The Marine Nationale (Navy)
- The Armée de l'Air (Air Force)
- The Gendarmerie Nationale (Ek military jon ki National Rural Police ke rakam rahe hai)
France me 359,000 military personnel hai. [4][5]. France, aapan GDP ke 2.6% defence pe kharchaa kare hai. Ii European Union me sab se jaada hai. France aur UK, EU 40% defence budget spend kare hai. France's ke defence budget ke 10% nuclear weapons me kharchaa karaa jaae hai.
[badlo] Chapa ke gallery
 Storming the Bastille |
 TVG Train |
 La Defense |
 Saint Louis Chapel |
 Tour de France |
[badlo] References
- ↑ "Le tourisme international en France en 2007" (PDF). Direction du Tourisme (French government's tourism agency). Retrieved on 2008-06-05.
- ↑ INSEE, Government of France. "Code officiel géographique - Présentation". Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
- ↑ Template:Fr icon INSEE, Government of France. "Code des collectivités d'outre-mer (COM)". Retrieved on 2008-06-27.
- ↑ Number of military personnel in France, page 32.
- ↑ Number of military personnel in France, page 112.
[badlo] Duusra websites
- France Maps & Photographs
- France Travel Guide
- About-France.com Clear but detailed information about France
- France Pictures
- France Map
- Song La France
- CIA World Factbook-France
- Cities and Towns in France with lescommunes.com
